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The Evolution of Marriage and of the Family

Chapter 126: FOOTNOTES:
By Ch. Letourneau
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Archaeology & AnthropologySociology

About This Book

The author surveys the biological and social origins of marriage and the family, beginning with animal reproduction and mating behavior and proceeding through cross-cultural forms of sexual association. The study examines alleged promiscuity, hetaïrism, polyandry, marriage by capture, purchase and servitude, polygamy, primitive and civilized monogamy, prostitution and concubinage, adultery, repudiation and divorce, widowhood and the levirate. Drawing on ethnographic examples and comparative analysis, it traces how sexual customs, property relations, and evolving moral sentiments shape family arrangements across different societies.

FOOTNOTES:

[1038] Lubbock, Orig. Civil., p. 177.

[1039] L. H. Morgan, Systems of Consanguinity, etc., in Smithsonian Contributions, vol. xvii. pp. 416, 417.

[1040] Morgan, loc. cit., p. 422.

[1041] G. Eugène Simon, La Famille Chinoise, in Nouvelle Revue, 1883.

[1042] Davis, The Chinese, vol. i. p. 282.—Pauthier, Chine moderne, p. 238.

[1043] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. du Mariage, p. 363.

[1044] L. Morgan, loc. cit., pp. 416, 425.

[1045] Lettres édifiantes, t. xv. p. 164.

[1046] R. Smith, Kinship, etc., p. 148.

[1047] R. Smith, Kinship, etc., pp. 147, 151.

[1048] Id., ibid., p. 159.

[1049] Genesis, xxiii. 13.

[1050] Numbers, xxxvi. 4-8.

[1051] Numbers, xxxii. 8-11.

[1052] 2 Samuel, xiii. 16.

[1053] Exodus, vi. 20.

[1054] Genesis, xi. 26-29.

[1055] Leviticus, xviii. 9.

[1056] Eusebius of Cæsarea, Preparation of Gospel, i.

[1057] Strabo, iii. 18.

[1058] Duveyrier, Touâreg du Nord, p. 339.

[1059] Id., ibid.

[1060] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. p. 59.

[1061] Id., ibid., t. ii. p. 283.

[1062] Id., ibid., p. 286.

[1063] E. Sabatier, Essai sur l’origine des Berbères sédentaires, in Revue d’Anthropologie, 1882.

[1064] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. pp. 287, 288.

[1065] Id., ibid., t. ii. p. 297.

[1066] Dareste, Sur l’ancien droit des Perses, in Bull. de l’Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, 23rd Oct. 1886.—Strabo, xv. 17.

[1067] Strabo, xv. 20.

[1068] Sancti Joannis Chrysostomi, Op. i. 384, and x. 573.

[1069] A. Hovelacque, Avesta, p. 465.

[1070] L. Dubeux, La Perse, p. 262.

[1071] L. Dubeux, La Perse, p. 468.

[1072] Chardin, Hist. Univ. des Voyages, t. xxxi. pp. 230, 236.—L. Dubeux, loc. cit., p. 468.

[1073] E. Burnouf, Essai sur le Véda, p. 190.

[1074] Code of Manu, ix. 137.

[1075] Ibid., 105, 106.

[1076] Ibid., 125.

[1077] Ibid., 120, 121.

[1078] Ibid., 127.

[1079] Ibid., 132.

[1080] Code of Manu, ix. 118.

[1081] Ibid., 131.

[1082] Lettres édifiantes, t. xiv. p. 387.

[1083] Ibid., p. 320.

[1084] Ibid., t. xiv. p. 396.

[1085] McLennan, loc. cit., p. 189.

[1086] O. Sachot, l’Île de Ceylan, p. 27.

[1087] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, pp. 35, 67.

[1088] Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 411.

[1089] Grote, Hist. of Greece, vol. iii. p. 95.

[1090] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 289.

[1091] Varro, quoted by St. Augustine, City of God, vol. xviii. p. 9.

[1092] McLennan, loc. cit., p. 244.

[1093] Id., ibid. pp. 177, 275.

[1094] Ott. Müller and Bachofen (quoted by A. Giraud-Teulon, pp. 283, 284).

[1095] Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 548.—McLennan, Primitive Marriage, p. 255.

[1096] H. Maine, Ancient Law, pp. 141, 142.

[1097] Isæus, Heritage of Menecles.

[1098] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 372.

[1099] H. Maine, Early Institutions, pp. 113, 116, 124.

[1100] Strabo, iv. 4.

[1101] H. Maine, loc. cit., p. 76.

[1102] Bell, Journal of a Residence in Circassia, vol. i. p. 347.

[1103] H. Maine, loc. cit.

[1104] De moribus Germanorum, xx.

[1105] Laboulaye, Recherches sur la condition civile et politique des femmes, etc., pp. 166, 167.

[1106] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., pp. 41, 42.

[1107] McLennan, Primitive Marriage, p. 101.