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The Evolution of Marriage and of the Family

Chapter 84: FOOTNOTES:
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The author surveys the biological and social origins of marriage and the family, beginning with animal reproduction and mating behavior and proceeding through cross-cultural forms of sexual association. The study examines alleged promiscuity, hetaïrism, polyandry, marriage by capture, purchase and servitude, polygamy, primitive and civilized monogamy, prostitution and concubinage, adultery, repudiation and divorce, widowhood and the levirate. Drawing on ethnographic examples and comparative analysis, it traces how sexual customs, property relations, and evolving moral sentiments shape family arrangements across different societies.

FOOTNOTES:

[625] Diderot, Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville, in Œuvres, t. ii. p. 245.

[626] Bonwick, Daily Life, etc., p. 72.

[627] Fison and Howitt, Kamilaroi, etc.

[628] De Rochas, Nouvelle Calédonie, p. 262.

[629] L. Moncelon, Réponse au Questionnaire de Sociologie, in Bull. Soc. d’anthrop., 1886.

[630] L. Moncelon, loc. cit.

[631] Burchell, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxvi. p. 479.

[632] Alexander, Expedition into the Interior of Africa, vol. i. pp. 98, 173.

[633] Du Chaillu, Afrique équatoriale, pp. 67, 435.

[634] Raffenel, Nouv. Voy. aux pays des Nègres, t. Ier. p. 402.

[635] Denham and Clapperton, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxvii. p. 437.

[636] Id., ibid. t. xxviii. p. 106.

[637] Démeunier, Mœurs des Différents Peuples, t. Ier. p. 223.

[638] Speke, Voy. to the Sources of the Nile, p. 343.

[639] Bowdich, English Mission to the Ashantees.

[640] Démeunier, loc. cit. t. Ier. p. 218.

[641] Journal of Marsden, in Voy. of the Astrolabe, p. 360.

[642] Cook, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. x. p. 31.

[643] Cook, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xvii. p. 12.

[644] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. i. p. 81.

[645] Élie Reclus, Les Primitifs.

[646] Démeunier, loc. cit., t. Ier. p. 216.

[647] Domenech, Voy. pittoresque, etc., p. 533.

[648] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. i. p. 514.

[649] Démeunier, loc. cit., t. Ier. p. 219.

[650] J. O. Dorsey, Omaha Sociology, p. 364, Smithsonian Institution, 1885.

[651] Wake, vol. i. p. 428.

[652] J. O. Dorsey, loc. cit.

[653] Id., ibid.

[654] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. i. p. 350.

[655] Id., ibid. p. 412.

[656] Voyage à la Terre-ferme, etc., t. Ier. p. 304.

[657] D’Orbigny, L’homme Américain, t. ii. p. 329.

[658] Bancroft, Native Races, vol. ii. p. 675.

[659] Id., ibid. vol. ii. p. 674.

[660] Démeunier, loc. cit., t. Ier. p. 224.

[661] Id., ibid. t. Ier. p. 225.

[662] Prescott, Hist. Conq. of Mexico, vol. i. p. 26.

[663] L. Biart, Les Aztèques, p. 168.

[664] Prescott, Hist. Conq. of Peru, vol. i. p. 59.

[665] Bancroft, Native Races of the Pacific States, vol. ii. p. 673.

[666] Timkowski, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxiii. p. 341.

[667] Préjévalsky, Mongolia, t. Ier. p. 69.

[668] Turner, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 437.

[669] Pauthier, Chine moderne, p. 238.

[670] Davis, China, vol. i. p. 322, etc.

[671] Pauthier, Chine moderne, p. 239.

[672] Sinibaldo de Mas, Chine et puissances chrétiennes, t. Ier. p. 52.

[673] Pauthier, loc. cit. p. 239.

[674] Masana Maeda, La Société japonaise, in Revue Scientifique, 1878.

[675] Waitz, Anthropology, vol. i. p. 315.

[676] Journal of James Brook, Rajah of Sarawak, by Capt. Munday, vol. ii. p. 2.

[677] Diodorus, i. p. 78.

[678] Deuteronomy, xxii.

[679] Leviticus, xix. 20-22.

[680] Burckhardt, Notes, etc., t. ii. p. 84.

[681] Sourate, iv. 8.

[682] Koran, Sourate, xxiv. 8.

[683] Id., ibid. iv. 19.

[684] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. iii. p. 209.

[685] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 186.

[686] Id., ibid. t. iii. p. 208.

[687] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 187.

[688] Id., ibid. t. iii. pp. 212, 213.

[689] Id., ibid. p. 74.

[690] Id., ibid. p. 187.

[691] Id., ibid. t. iii. p. 74.

[692] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. p. 159.

[693] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 165.

[694] Chardin, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 251.

[695] G. Drouville, Voyage en Perse, t. Ier. p. 251.

[696] Code of Manu, v. 154.

[697] Ibid. book viii. 371.

[698] Ibid. p. 375.

[699] Ibid. viii. 379.

[700] Ibid. viii. 374.

[701] Ibid. viii. 357.

[702] Code of Manu, ix. 60, 61.

[703] Lettres édifiantes, t. xiv. p. 378.

[704] Plutarch, Lycurgus, xxix.

[705] Plutarch, Solon, xxxvi.

[706] Id., Life of Cimon.

[707] Id., Solon, xliv.

[708] Legouvé, Hist. Morale des Femmes, p. 182.

[709] Ménard, Morale avant les Philosophes, p. 303.

[710] Lecky, Hist. of European Morals, vol. i. p. 312.

[711] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. ii. p. 85.

[712] Institutes, iv., tit. 18.

[713] Friedländer, Mœurs Romaines, etc., t. Ier. p. 367.

[714] Socrates, Hist. Eccles., lib. v., cap. xviii.

[715] Friedländer, etc., Mœurs, t. Ier. p. 367.

[716] Klaproth and Gamba, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xlv. p. 435.

[717] Klaproth and Gamba, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xlv. p. 448.

[718] Desmaze, Curiosités, etc.