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The farmstead: The making of the rural home and the lay-out of the farm / (5th edition) cover

The farmstead: The making of the rural home and the lay-out of the farm / (5th edition)

Chapter 67: A Self-supporting Home
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The book offers practical guidance for creating a productive, comfortable rural home and efficient farm layout, beginning with selecting and purchasing land and treating the farm as a source of income and educational opportunity. It covers siting the house, planning and constructing dwellings and farm buildings (foundations, framing, coverings, painting), and remodeling older structures. Detailed chapters address household organization, furnishing, heating and ventilation, water supply and sewage, yard and garden design, barns and their basements and superstructures, outbuildings (poultry houses, piggeries, silo), fences, orchards, field arrangement, and lightning protection, with technical and managerial advice for improving farmstead function and comfort.

  • Abandoned lands, significance of, 31.
  • Agricultural statistics, 8; what they do not show, 10.
  • Agriculturists, what they have done, 8.
  • Air space required in cow stables, 281.
  • Anglo-Saxon, cause of superiority, 50.
  • Animal, necessity of exercise for, 278; voidings, how cared for in stables, 277.
  • Asphalt for stable floors, 292.
  • Bailey, Professor L. H., quoted, 7.
  • Bailey, chap. xiv, 237.
  • Balloon frames, 129.
  • Barns, 288; basement, location of, 268; building the basement, 266; connected by covered way to house, 257; discussion of, 249; distance to locate from house, 257; economy in construction, 253; excavations for, 268; high large ones preferable, 253; location of, 255; octagonal, discussion of, 254; planning, 259; size required, 249; water supply for, 261; why large ones are required, 250.
  • Barnyards, open ones objectionable, 258; paddocks are preferable to, 259.
  • Basement barns, bridging for, 269; location of, 268; on level ground, 269; floors, how to construct, 277; walls, how to prevent dampness on, 275; wood preferable to stone, 275.
  • Beauty and utility should be combined, 107.
  • Bonanza farming, cause of decline, 36-38.
  • Brick used in stable floors, 278.
  • Building the barn, chap. xvii, 288; framing, 289; horse stables, 294; lightning rods on barns, 296; painting the barn, 296; plank frames, 290; protecting the root-cellar, 289; repairing old barn floors, 293; roof of barns, 296; stable floors, 292; windows, 295.
  • Cattle, stanchions for, 284.
  • Cement, Portland, cost and mixing of, 274; proportion of, to sand in mortar, 273.
  • Changes in houses, considerations, 85.
  • Children, city and country compared, 3.
  • Cisterns as a source of water supply, 263.
  • Cleanliness, and sanitation, water supply and sewage, chap. xii, 204; bacteria, harmful and beneficial, 204-206; bath room, 210; bath tubs, 213; cess pools, 220; closets, 210; disinfectants, 207; dry-earth closets, 222; kitchen sink, 212; laundry, 214; outhouses, 216; personal cleanliness, 209; pipes, 212; sewage, 219; water closets, 214; water supply, 217.
  • College buildings and what they illustrate, 104.
  • Colleges. Land Grant, aim of, 14; endowment, 14; data of incomes, 15.
  • Competence, how obtained, 20.
  • Concentration of barns, 84.
  • Counsel at the right time, 69.
  • Country churches, 119.
  • Country life, what it stands for, 74; what things have no place in it, 74.
  • Country school houses, 119-122.
  • Cows, air space required for, 280, 281; mangers for, section of, 286.
  • Crops, good and poor, 27; specialized, baleful results of, 33.
  • Dams for artificial pools, how to construct, 262.
  • Decorations inside, 193.
  • Deeds and abstracts, 67.
  • Demolins, M., quoted, 50.
  • Economy, 224.
  • Educating the eye and judgment, 107.
  • Education, by contact with nature, 4; higher, concentration necessary, 52; higher, in the past, 13; industrial, 14.
  • Evolution of high wages, 25.
  • External construction, principles of, 108.
  • Farm buildings, concentrated and distributive, 251; concentrated system preferable, 252; examples of mistakes, 89.
  • Farm laborers, wages received by, 253.
  • Farmers’ contribution to economic status of the United States, 9.
  • Farms, selection of—climatic conditions, 55; cheap lands, 56; water supply, 57.
  • Farms overloaded with buildings, 88.
  • “Farming doesn’t pay,” 6.
  • Fences, 336.
  • Fields, the, chap. xxi, 336.
  • Filigree work, not for farm houses, 96.
  • First impressions, 116.
  • Floors, basement, how to construct, 277; cows to stand upon, 280; stable, wooden ones preferable, 278.
  • Foundations for buildings, how squared, 266.
  • Foundation walls, properly and improperly bonded, 272.
  • Frost pockets, 76.
  • Furnishing, 193.
  • Garden, farm, 341; planting the, 342.
  • Gingerbread cornices, 130.
  • Ground floor unhealthy, 77.
  • Gypsum, use of in stables, 277.
  • Heating, 190.
  • Home education suggestions, 48.
  • Home, old (should be preserved), 112; suggestions for improvement of, 113.
  • Home training, 46.
  • Homestead, improving the old, 114.
  • Horn-fly, reference to, 337.
  • House, building the, chap. viii, 132; brick and stone houses, 169; chimneys—flue linings, 140, openings for, 141; excluding vermin from the, 135; foundations, building the, 138; mortar for foundations, 139; protecting from frost, 136; the cellar, 133, 134; Wooden houses—the frame, 142; bridging the joists, 143; cutting braces and rafters, 150; diagonal boarding, 144; girders for second-story joists, 145; made-up timbers, 146; old houses, 170; roofs—kinds of, 147, pitch of, 149; studding, size of, 143; the story-and-a-half, 155.
  • House furnishing and decoration, chap. xi, 193; carpets vs. rugs, 196; decorations, 200; draperies, 198; general principles, 193-196.
  • House, location of, 74; extremes, 75; on elevated lands, 76, 80, 82.
  • House of pioneer, where located, 75.
  • House, old farm, an example of a good, 90-91.
  • House sites—old and new, 84.
  • House sites to be avoided, 82; near middle of estate, 83; and highway, 83.
  • House with many gables, 96.
  • Houses, exposed and overshaded, 117, 118; planning, 94; studying other models, 95; useless cost of, 95.
  • Houses, farm, not a direct source of income, 87; mistakes in building, 87; what they are for, 87.
  • Houses, old farm, 85.
  • Houses, veneered, 168.
  • Household administration, economy and comfort, chap. xiii, 224; a definite income, 225; bargain-hunting, 229; cash vs. credit, 286; economy of health, 232; keeping accounts, 230; reading matter, 235; systematic buying, 227; the farmer’s diet, 234; the wife’s share, 225.
  • Improvements on the farm, 59.
  • Inappropriate styles of architecture, 124.
  • Inside finish, heating and ventilation, chap. x, 181; baseboards, 183; facings, 186; finish, hard oil, 186; floors, 182; patent mortars, 188; plastered walls, 186-188; picture moulding, 184; stairs, 185; wainscoting, 185; Heating—steam recommended, 191; systems of, compared, 190; Ventilation, 191.
  • Land for market-gardening, 61.
  • Lands, cheap, 56.
  • Lawns, 243.
  • Lawyer and the farmer, 73.
  • Lawyer, province of the true, 72.
  • Lawyers, 65.
  • Level country, disadvantages of location in, overcome, 78.
  • Leisure and study, 13.
  • Light and air, 106.
  • Lightning, artificial, 322; brush discharge, 326; discharges, 323; disruptive discharge, 326; protection from, 324; protection from by metal roofs, 324; protection from by steam and gas pipes, 325; protecting wooden roofs from, 326.
  • Lightning protection, chap. xx, 321.
  • Lightning rods, 328-336; insulation of, 331; joints for, 333; the conductor, 329; the ground connection, 334.
  • Lime, proportion of, to sand in mortar, 273.
  • Lime, stone, retail price of per bbl., 274; water, retail price of per bbl., 274.
  • Lumbering, effect of, 38.
  • Manger for cows, cross-section of, 286; how constructed, 285.
  • Market-gardening, land for, 61.
  • Mistakes in locating, 100.
  • Mortar, amount of water to use in mixing, 275; how to mix, 273.
  • Nature study, 111.
  • Newton cattle tie illustrated and described, 286.
  • Norris, H. H., chap. xx, 321.
  • Occupation, selection of, 21.
  • Old barns, remodeling, 298.
  • Orchards, 340; care of, 341.
  • Outbuildings and accessories, chap. xix, 306; piggeries, 311; portable coops, 309; poultry houses, 306; the silo, 316.
  • Outside covering, painting, chap. ix, 158; cornices, 164; painting the house, 173; adulterated paints, 179; analyses of paints, 180; oils for painting, 177; roofs—construction of, 165; shingles, 165; shingling, 167; siding—novelty and lap, 160; the projections, 158, 164; the water-table, 158; valleys, 173.
  • Parents as teachers, 45.
  • Piggeries, 311.
  • Plain cornices, 126.
  • Plan, ground, not adapted to country, 98; adapted to country, 99, 101.
  • Plant-food, natural cheaper than artificial, 62.
  • Pools in level country, 78.
  • Pools in the South, how constructed, 262.
  • Poultry Houses, 306.
  • Quality in farm products, 32.
  • Red River valley soil, nitrogen in, 37.
  • Remodeling old barns, chap. xviii, 298; combining several old frames, 299; form of roof, 302; trussing to eliminate posts, 301.
  • Remuneration in agriculture, 7.
  • Renter and renting discussed, 40.
  • Road to farm, 63.
  • Road fences, may be discarded, 339.
  • Root cellar, location of in barn, 270.
  • Rosendale cement, proportion to mix, 274.
  • Rural life; advantages and disadvantages, 2; greatest advantage of, 5.
  • Rural population, wants and aspirations, 19.
  • Sanitation, 204.
  • Scenery, natural, its value, 58.
  • Schoenfeld, Mr. G., an intensive agriculturist, 22; his crops and their value, 23.
  • School, district, sketch of a day in, 47.
  • School children, effects of massing, 44.
  • Schools, rural, 43.
  • Sewage, 204.
  • Shadows cast by walls, 106.
  • Ship construction of houses, 128.
  • Silos, 316.
  • Silo, reference to use of, 337.
  • Smith, Mrs. M. R., chap. xi, 193; chap. xii, 204; chap. xiii, 224.
  • Soil and subsoil for house location, 80.
  • Soiling system, referred to, 337, 338.
  • Stable floors, 292; wooden ones preferable, 278; drip in, how constructed, 280; how to secure sanitary conditions in, 277; stanchions for cattle, 284.
  • Stalls for cows, how constructed, 285.
  • Stock on the farms in U. S. in 1870 and 1890, 250.
  • Tillage, cost of, considered in land value, 62.
  • Types of dwelling houses, 109.
  • VanVleet, D.F., chap. v, 65.
  • Ventilation, 191; principles of, 283; secured by swing windows, 282.
  • Ventilators for stables, how constructed, 282.
  • Veranda—a poor example, 96; outlook from, 81; shading, 103.
  • Vistas and views brought into the landscape, 81.
  • Warner, Prof. Amos G., quoted, 3.
  • Walls, stone, how to bond, 272.
  • Water for animals, temperature best in winter, 264.
  • Water supply and sewage, 204.
  • Water supply, artificial pools for, 262; for animals, should be in barn, 264; for buildings, 261; springs and streams, 264.
  • Water, cold, effect upon the animal, 265; lime, retail price of per bbl., 274.
  • Wells, 71.
  • Wheat, production and cost of, 30.
  • Windows, swing, how constructed in stables, 282.
  • Writing, matters of importance should be in, 71.
  • Yard (the house yard), chap. xiv, 237; driveways and walks, 239; flowers, 247; planting, scattered and in groups, 339; the lawn, 243; vines and creepers, 247.

CYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN HORTICULTURE

By L. H. BAILEY

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CYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE

Edited by L. H. BAILEY

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Volume III—Animals

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Volume IV—The Farm and the Community

Economics—Social Questions—Organizations—History—Literature, etc.

“Indispensable to public and reference libraries ... readily comprehensible to any person of average education.”—The Nation.

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