The filtration of public water-supplies / Third edition, revised and enlarged.

Chapter 4: UNITS EMPLOYED.

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About This Book

This book presents a practical, engineering-focused treatment of water filtration for municipal supplies, combining historical perspective, design principles, and operational guidance. It explains types of filters, construction of beds and underdrains, selection and grading of sands and gravels, rates of filtration, head loss, and mechanisms for regulating flow. Procedures for cleaning, sand-washing, and intermittent operation are described alongside theoretical and bacteriological considerations that bear on efficiency. Methods for measuring and removing turbidity and color, the effects of suspended mud, coagulation practices, and numerous design examples and appendices illustrate how to plan, build, and maintain effective filtration works.

UNITS EMPLOYED.

The units used in this work are uniformly those in common use in America, with the single exception of data in regard to sand-grain sizes, which are given in millimeters. The American units were not selected because the author prefers them or considers them particularly well suited to filtration, but because he feared that the use of the more convenient metric units in which the very comprehensive records of Continental filter plants are kept would add to the difficulty of a clear comprehension of the subject by those not familiar with those units, and so in a measure defeat the object of the book.

TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS.
Unit.	Metric Equivalent.		Reciprocal.
Foot	0.3048	meter	3.2808
Mile	1609.34	meters	0.0006214
Acre	4047	square meters	0.0002471
Gallon[1]	3.785	liters	0.26417
1 million gallons	3785	cubic meters	0.00026417
Cubic yard	0.7645	cubic meters	1.308
1 million gallons per acre daily	0.9354	meter in depth of water daily	1.070