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The filtration of public water-supplies / Third edition, revised and enlarged. cover

The filtration of public water-supplies / Third edition, revised and enlarged.

Chapter 51: EFFECT OF MUD UPON SAND FILTERS.
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About This Book

This book presents a practical, engineering-focused treatment of water filtration for municipal supplies, combining historical perspective, design principles, and operational guidance. It explains types of filters, construction of beds and underdrains, selection and grading of sands and gravels, rates of filtration, head loss, and mechanisms for regulating flow. Procedures for cleaning, sand-washing, and intermittent operation are described alongside theoretical and bacteriological considerations that bear on efficiency. Methods for measuring and removing turbidity and color, the effects of suspended mud, coagulation practices, and numerous design examples and appendices illustrate how to plan, build, and maintain effective filtration works.

EFFECT OF MUD UPON SAND FILTERS.

There are two aspects of the effect of mud upon the operation of sand filters which require particular consideration. The first relates to the rapidity of clogging, and consequently the frequency of scraping and the cost of operation; while the second relates to the ability of the filters to yield well-clarified effluents.