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The filtration of public water-supplies / Third edition, revised and enlarged. cover

The filtration of public water-supplies / Third edition, revised and enlarged.

Chapter 92: APPENDIX IV. FILTER STATISTICS.
By Allen Hazen
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About This Book

This book presents a practical, engineering-focused treatment of water filtration for municipal supplies, combining historical perspective, design principles, and operational guidance. It explains types of filters, construction of beds and underdrains, selection and grading of sands and gravels, rates of filtration, head loss, and mechanisms for regulating flow. Procedures for cleaning, sand-washing, and intermittent operation are described alongside theoretical and bacteriological considerations that bear on efficiency. Methods for measuring and removing turbidity and color, the effects of suspended mud, coagulation practices, and numerous design examples and appendices illustrate how to plan, build, and maintain effective filtration works.

APPENDIX IV.

FILTER STATISTICS.

STATISTICS OF OPERATION OF SAND FILTERS.
Place. Year Ending. Total
Quantity
of Water
filtered
for
One Year.
Million
Gallons.		 Million
Gallons
Daily.		 Area
of
Filters
in use,
 
Acres.		 Average
Daily
Yield,
 
Million
Gallons
per Acre.		 Area of
Filter
Surface
cleaned
in One
Year,
 
Acres.		 Period,
Million
Gallons
per Acre
filtered
between
Scrapings.

Altona

 March, 1895 1,620 4.44 3.08 1.45 31.0 52
March, 1896 1,730 4.75 3.08 1.55 48.5 36
March, 1897 1,960 5.40 3.08 1.75 44.0 45
March, 1898 1,940 5.30 3.08 1.72 36.5 53

Amsterdam, River

 Dec., 1894 1,390 3.80 5.43 0.71 23 62
Dec., 1896 1,490 4.08 5.43 0.75 48 31
Dec., 1897 1,600 4.40 5.43 0.81 30 53

Amsterdam, Dunes

 Dec., 1894 2,330 6.40 4.94 1.29 116 20
Dec., 1896 2,360 6.50 4.75 1.37 90 26
Dec., 1897 2,290 6.25 4.75 1.31 109 21

Ashland, Wis

 Feb., 1897 398 1.09 0.50 2.18 4.83 83

Berlin, total

 Mar., 1896 13,000 35.60 25.10 1.42    
Mar., 1897 12,900 35.40 25.10 1.40    
Mar., 1898 13,200 36.20 27.00 1.34    

Bremen

 Mar., 1895 1,190 3.27 2.51 1.31 50 24
Mar., 1896 1,220 3.34 3.21 1.04 32.5 38
Mar., 1897 1,280 3.50 3.21 1.09 25.2 50
Mar., 1898 1,400 4.10 3.21 1.28 34.0 41

Breslau

 Mar., 1895 2,840 7.80 5.12 1.52 45 64
Mar., 1896 2,960 8.10 5.12 1.58 40.0 74
Mar., 1897 2,990 8.20 5.12 1.60 37 81
Mar., 1898 3,060 8.40 5.12 1.64 43 71

Brunn

 Dec., 1896 1,110 3.04 1.62 1.87 8.6 128
Dec., 1897 1,190 3.25 1.62 2.00 9.1 131

Brunswick

 Mar., 1895 815 2.23 1.48 1.51 14.8 55
Mar., 1896 840 2.30 1.48 1.56 13.3 63
Mar., 1897 820 2.25 1.48 1.52 13.7 60
Mar., 1898 870 2.38 1.48 1.61 11.9 73

Budapest

 Dec., 1892 7,360 20.20 3.00 6.70 254 29

Copenhagen

 Dec., 1895 2,330 6.40 2.88 2.22 45 52
Dec., 1896 2,490 6.80 2.88 2.35 52 48
Dec., 1897 2,580 7.10 2.88 2.47 54 48

Dordrecht

 Dec., 1894 365 1.00 0.56 1.79    

Frankfort on Oder

 Dec., 1895 310 0.85 0.37 2.28 2.9 107
Dec., 1896 325 0.89 0.37 2.40 7.4 44
Dec., 1897 356 0.98 0.37 2.65 8.8 41

Hamburg

 Dec., 1894 11,450 31.40 34.0 0.92 350 33
Dec., 1895 11,700 32.10 34.0 0.94 275 43
Dec., 1896 11,500 31.70 34.0 0.93 266 43
Dec., 1897 12,000 32.70 34.0 0.96 285 42
Dec., 1898 11,900 32.60 43.0 0.76 246 48

Hudson, N. Y.

 Dec., 1892 697 1.91 0.74 2.58    
Dec., 1893 543 1.49 0.74 2.01    
Dec., 1895 535 1.46 0.74 1.98    

Ilion, N. Y.

 Feb., 1899 182 0.50 0.14 3.57 1.40 130

Königsberg

 Mar., 1895 1,060 2.90 2.70 1.07 38.5 27
Mar., 1896 1,085 2.97 2.70 1.10 35.0 31
Mar., 1897 1,085 2.97 2.70 1.10 41.0 27
Mar., 1898 1,140 3.12 2.70 1.16 44.0 26

Lawrence

 Dec., 1894 1,050 2.88 2.50 1.15 10 105
Dec., 1895 1,097 3.00 2.50 1.20 27 41
Dec., 1896 1,101 3.02 2.50 1.20 30 37
Dec., 1897 1,114 3.06 2.50 1.22 41 27

Liverpool

 Dec., 1896 8,520 23.40 10.92 2.14 158 54

[53] London, all filters but not including ground water

 Dec., 1892 65,783 180 109.75 1.64   90
Dec., 1893   195 116.00 1.68    
Dec., 1894 68,700 188 117.00 1.60    
Dec., 1895 76,900 210 123.75 1.70    
Dec., 1896 72,482 198 123.75 1.60    
Dec., 1897 73,340 201 125.00 1.61    

London, Chelsea

 Dec., 1897 5,370 14.70 8.00 1.85   

E. London

 Dec., 1897 18,000 49.00 31.00 1.58    

Grand Junction

 Dec., 1897 8,560 23.40 21.75 1.07    

Lambeth

 Dec., 1897 10,370 28.40 12.25 2.30    

New River

 Dec., 1897 15,750 43.00 16.50 2.60    

Southwark & Vauxhall

 Dec., 1897 14,800 40.50 20.50 1.98    

West Middlesex

 Dec., 1897 8,910 24.30 15.00 1.61    

Lübeck

 Mar., 1895 1,520 4.15 1.40 2.95 16.2 94
Mar., 1896 1,600 4.38 1.40 3.13 24.4 66
Mar., 1897 1,650 4.50 1.40 3.22 27.0 61
Mar., 1898 1,750 4.80 1.40 3.42 38.5 45

Magdeburg

 Mar., 1895 1880 5.15 3.76 1.37 47.5 40
Mar., 1896 1950 5.35 3.76 1.42 65.0 30
Mar., 1897 1880 5.15 3.76 1.37 59.0 32
Mar., 1898 2070 5.66 3.76 1.50 63.0 33

Mt. Vernon, N. Y

 Dec., 1895 493 1.35 1.10 1.22 7.3 68
Dec., 1896 608 1.66 1.10 1.51 9.2 66
Dec., 1897 808 2.21 1.10 2.00 16.6 49
Dec., 1898 933 2.56 1.10 2.34 18.4 51

Posen

 Mar., 1895 305 0.84 0.70 1.20 10.3 30
Mar., 1896 346 0.94 0.70 1.35 10.4 33
Mar., 1897 325 0.89 0.70 1.27 10.1 32
Mar., 1898 360 0.99 0.70 1.42 9.6 38

Poughkeepsie

 Dec., 1892 696 1.91 0.68 2.81 14.0 50
Dec., 1893 667 1.83 0.68 2.70 12.0 56
Dec., 1894 633 1.73 0.68 2.55 14 45
Dec., 1895 686 1.88 0.68 2.77 14 49
Dec., 1896 664 1.82 0.68 2.68 9 73
Dec., 1897 615 1.69 1.36 1.24    
Dec., 1898 611 1.67 1.36 1.23 10.88 57

Rostock

 June, 1897 560 1.54 1.11 1.38 9.3 60
June, 1898 625 1.71 1.11 1.55 9.0 70

Rotterdam

 Dec., 1893 4850 13.30 6.30 2.11    

Stettin

 Mar., 1895 1130 3.10 2.26 1.37 26.5 43
Mar., 1896 1030 2.83 2.26 1.25 15.5 66
Mar., 1897 980 2.70 2.26 1.19 16.1 61
Mar., 1898 1020 2.80 2.26 1.24 20.3 50

Stockholm

 Dec., 1895 2375 6.50 2.78 2.33 70.0 34
Dec., 1896 2500 6.85 2.78 2.45 68.0 37
Dec., 1897 2750 7.50 3.60 2.08 76.0 36

Stralsund

 Mar., 1897 215 0.59 1.11 0.53 16.0 13
Mar., 1898 210 0.58 1.11 0.51 17.3 12

Stuttgart

 Mar., 1895 1040 2.85 1.46 1.96 13.7 76
Mar., 1896 1220 3.34 1.66 2.04 17.7 69
Mar., 1897 1270 3.48 2.32 1.50 18.7 68
Mar., 1898 1320 3.60 2.32 1.54 20.2 65

Utrecht

 Dec., 1896 510 1.40 0.60 2.33 31 16

Zürich

 Dec., 1891 2010 5.50 0.84 6.50 8 250
Dec., 1892 2150 5.90 0.84 7.00 10 215
Dec., 1893 2310 6.38 1.19 5.35 13 177
Dec., 1894 2250 6.15 1.19 5.18 17 133
Dec., 1895 2460 6.70 1.19 5.62 27 91
Dec., 1896 2360 6.45 1.66 3.88 30 79
Dec., 1897 2500 6.84 1.66 4.13 35 71
Dec., 1898 2730 7.50 1.66 4.50 47 58

PARTIAL LIST OF CITIES USING SAND FILTERS.
Place. When
Built.		 Population.
1890.		 Area
of
Filters.		 Number
of
Filters.		 Average
Daily
Consumption.
UNITED STATES.
Poughkeepsie. N. Y. 1872 24,000 1.36 3 1.67
Hudson, N. Y. 1874 9,970 0.74 2 1.50
St. Johnsbury, Vt. 187(?) 3,857 0.14 3 0.70
Nantucket, Mass. 1893 3,268 0.11 1 0.09
Lawrence, Mass. 1893 44,654 2.50 1 3.00
Ilion, N. Y. 1893 4,057 0.14 2 0.50
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 1894 10,830 1.10 3 1.66
Grand Forks, N. D. 1894 4,979 0.42 1 ....
Milford, Mass. 1895 9,956 0.25 1 0.70
Ashland, Wis. 1895 9,956 0.50 3 1.09
Hamilton, N. Y. 1895 1,744 0.12 1 0.03
Lambertville, N. J. 1896 4,142 0.28 2 0.25
Far Rockaway, N. Y. 1896 2,288 0.92 2 0.93
Red Bank, N. J. 1897 500 0.03 2 0.10
Somersworth, N. H. 1897 6,207 0.50 1 ....
Little Falls, N. Y. 1898 8,783 0.76 1 ....
Berwyn, Penna. 1898 826 0.52 3 ....
Harrisburg, Penna. 1899 1,200 0.12 2 0.15
Albany, N. Y. 1899 94,923 5.60 8 11.00[54]
Rock Island, Illinois 1899 13,634 1.20 3 3.50
Total .... 259,774 17.31 45 26.87
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Victoria .... 16,841 0.82 3 1.80
SOUTH AMERICA.
Buenos Ayres .... 500,000 4.15 3 ....
Montevidio .... .... Filters reported ....
HOLLAND.
Amsterdam .... 555,821 10.18 12 11.20
Rotterdam .... 290,000 6.30 18 13.00
The Hague .... 191,000 2.88 6 4.20
Schiedam .... 25,300 1.33 5 0.68
Utrecht .... 140,000 0.60 .... 1.40
Groningen .... 57,900 0.59 2 ....
Dordrecht .... 34,100 0.56 2 1.00
Leeuwarden .... 30,700 0.31 2 ....
Vlaardingen .... .... .... .... ....
Sliedrecht .... .... .... .... ....
Gorinchem .... 10,000 .... .... ....
Zutphen .... 18,000 .... .... ....
Leyden .... 44,200 .... .... ....
Enschede .... .... .... .... ....
Middelburg .... 17,000 .... .... ....
Total .... 1,414,021 22.75 47 31.48
GREAT BRITAIN.
London .... 5,030,267 125.00 120 200.00
Liverpool .... 790,000 10.92 .... 26.67
Dublin .... 349,000 5.00 10 18.00
Leeds .... 420,000 6.00 8 17.99
Bradford .... 436,260 4.62 6 13.31
Leicester .... 220,005 2.50 .... 4.75
York .... 72,083 2.04 6 3.00
Edinburgh .... 292,364 2.00 4 18.00
Darlington .... 43,000 1.32 7 ....
Wakefield .... 36,815 1.25 .... ....
Carlisle .... 40,000 0.90 .... ....
Dumfries .... 17,821 0.25 .... ....
Accrington .... 42,000 .... .... ....
Birmingham .... 680,140 .... .... 19.05
Blackburn .... 130,000 .... .... 4.10
Bolton .... 250,000 .... .... 6.60
Chester .... 40,000 .... .... ....
Halifax .... 217,000 .... .... 5.18
Hereford .... 20,000 .... .... ....
Middlesborough .... 187,331 .... .... 11.39
Newcastle .... 320,000 .... .... 14.00
Oldham .... 145,800 .... .... 5.30
Oxford .... 53,000 .... .... 1.59
Preston .... 113,864 .... .... 4.20
Reading .... 71,558 .... .... 3.00
Southampton .... 76,430 .... .... 3.45
Wigan .... 60,000 .... .... 1.22
Worcester .... 45,000 .... .... 1.93
Total .... 10,199,738 161.80 161 382.73
GERMANY.
Hamburg .... 661,200 42.00 22 33.00
Berlin .... 1,746,424 31.45 55 36.00
Breslau .... 380,000 5.12 5 8.20
Magdeburg .... 217,067 3.76 11 5.66
Bremen .... 157,500 3.21 12 3.50
Altona .... 162,427 3.08 13 5.40
Königsberg .... 176,000 2.70 7 3.00
Stuttgart .... 162,516 2.32 .... 4.00
Stettin .... 145,000 2.26 9 3.00
Lübeck .... 70,000 1.40 6 4.50
Brunswick .... 100,883 1.48 4 2.30
Stralsund .... 30,105 1.11 6 0.60
Rostock .... 49,891 1.11 3 1.54
Lignitz .... 46,852 0.96 6 1.40
Posen .... 75,000 0.70 4 0.90
Schwerin .... 36,000 0.65 4 0.50
Chemnitz .... 164,743 0.59 3 ....
Worms .... 30,000 0.50 3 0.64
Ratibor .... 20,729 0.42 3 ....
Frankfort on Oder .... 59,161 0.37 5 0.89
Kiel .... 69,214 0.31 .... 1.50
Tilsit .... 30,000 0.25 .... 0.20
Brieg .... 20,154 0.20 4 ....
Gluckstadt .... 6,214 0.14 .... 0.10
Wandsbeck .... 22,000 0.13 .... 0.30
Total .... 4,639,080 106.22 185 117.13
OTHER EUROPEAN FILTERS.
Warsaw .... 500,000 6.20 12 6.00
St. Petersburg .... 954,000 5.85 11 39.00
Odessa .... 380,000 4.75 5 8.00
Choisy le Roi and .... }200,000{ 3.85 25 10.00
Neuilly sur Marne .... 2.31 15 ....
Copenhagen .... 340,000 2.88 9 6.80
Stockholm .... 274,000 2.78 .... 7.00
Antwerp .... 240,000 2.10 8 2.00
Zürich .... 96,839 1.66 .... 7.00
Brunn .... .... 1.62 .... 3.04
Constantinople, South side .... .... 0.74 3 ....
Total .... 2,984,839 34.74 88 88.84
ASIA.
Blandarwada, India .... .... 1.97 6 ....
Agra, India .... .... 1.37 .... ....
Bombay, India .... 821,000 1.22 4 ....
Shanghai, China .... .... 0.88 4 ....
Hong Kong .... .... 0.67 6 ....
Yokohama, Japan .... 110,000 0.58 3 ....
Calcutta, India .... 466,000 .... .... ....
Tokyo, Japan .... .... .... .... ....
Baroda, India .... .... .... .... ....
Allahabad, India .... .... .... .... ....
Total .... 1,397,000 6.69 23
SUMMARY.
United States .... 259,774 17.31 45 26.87
British Columbia .... 16,841 0.82 3 1.80
South America .... 500,000 4.15 3 ....
Holland .... 1,414,021 22.75 47 31.48
Great Britain .... 10,199,738 161.80 161 382.73
Germany .... 4,639,080 106.22 185 117.13
Other European countries .... 2,984,839 34.74 88 88.84
Asia .... 1,397,000 6.69 23 ....
Total .... 21,411,293 354.48 555 648.85

LIST OF CITIES AND TOWNS USING MECHANICAL FILTERS.
ARRANGED BY POPULATIONS.

Abbreviations.--P., Pressure filters; G., Gravity filters; J., Jewell system; N. Y., New York system; W., Warren system; C., Continental system; Am., American system.
Place. Population,
1890.		 Filters
First
Installed.		 Nominal
Capacity
of Filters,
1899.
Million
Gallons.		 Average
Consumption,
Million
Gallons:
Water Works
Manual.		 Area of
Filters,
Sq. Ft.,
1899.		 Filter
System.
Denver, Col. 108,204       2260 Special.
Atlanta, Ga. 65,533 1887 8 4.54 2056 N. Y. P.
St. Joseph, Mo. 52,324 1898 10.2   3842 J.  G.
Oakland, Cal. 48,682 1891 5 10 1960 N. Y. P.
Kansas City, Kan. 38,316 1898 6 2 2260 J.  G.
Wilkesbarre, Pa.[55] 37,718   10   3166 J.  G.
Norfolk, Va. 34,871 1899 6 3.5 2112 J.  G.
Augusta, Ga. 33,300 1899 6 3.8 2112 N. Y.  G.
Quincy. Ill. 30,494 1892 4 1.2 1582 J.  G.
Dubuque, Iowa[56] 30,311 1899 2   880 J.  G.
Terre Haute, Ind. 30,217 1890 4 3{ 1076
226		 N. Y.  P.
J. G.
Elmira, N. Y. 29,708 1897 6 3 2034 J.  G.
Chattanooga, Tenn. 29,100 1887 9   2080 J. & N. Y.  P.
Davenport, Iowa 26,872 1891 7.5 3 2380 Am. P.
Little Rock, Ark. 25,874 1891 5.5   1544 Am., J., & N. Y.  P.
Winnipeg, Mann. 25,642 1887 1.5 390 N. Y. P.
Oshkosh, Wis. 22,836 1891 2.4 2.1 550 W.  G.
Macon, Ga. 22,746 1893 4 1.65 1437 J., W., & N. Y.
Burlington, Ia. 22,565 1894 3.5   1243 J.  G.
Knoxville, Tenn. 22,535 1894 5 1.93 1404 W.  G.
Lexington, Ky. 21,567 1895 2 1.2 678 J.  G.
Kingston, N. Y. 21,261 1897 4 1.5 1120 N. Y.  P.
York, Penna. 20,793 1899 4 2.37 1408 J. G.
Biddeford, Maine 20,500 1896 3 2 780 W. G.
Newport, R. I. 19,467   4 2.1   Special.
Bangor, Maine 19,103 1897 5 3 1404 W. G.
Cedar Rapids, Ia. 18,020 1896 2.5 2 905 J.  G.
Elgin, Ill. 17,823 1888 4.3 1 780 Am.  P.
Decatur, Ill. 16,841 1893 3 2 1008 W.  G.
Belleville, Ill. 15,361   1 0.6 339 J.  G.
Columbia, S. C. 15,353 1892 3   678 J.  G.
Keokuk, Ia. 14,101 1893 3   980 N. Y.  P.
Ottumwa, Ia. 14,001 1895 2 1.2 678 J.  G.
Rock Island, Ill.[55] 13,634   2 3.5 452 J.  G.
Raleigh, N. C. 12,678 1887 1 1 296 N. Y.  P.
Shreveport, La. 11,979 1889 1   312 N. Y.  P.
New Castle, Penna 11,600 1898 4 2 1408 N. Y.  G.
Charlotte, N. C. 11,557 1896 1 0.5 530 N. Y.  G.
Nebraska City, Neb. 11,494 1891 0.4 0.7 116 N. Y.  P.
Streator, Ill. 11,414   2 1.3 100 Western & Am.  P.
Hornelsville, N. Y.[56] 10,966 1899 3   700 N. Y.  P.
Augusta, Maine 10,527 1887 0.6 1.6 100 W.
St. Thomas, Ont. 10,370 1891 2.5 0.6 700 N. Y.  P.
Cairo, Ill. 10,324 1889 0.8 2.5 197 N. Y.  P.
Alton, Ill. 10,294 1898 3 1 1056 N. Y.  G.
Asheville, N. C. 10,235 1889 1 0.35 312 N. Y.  P.
Greenwich, Conn. 10,131 1887 2 0.4 592 N. Y.  P.
Huntington, W. Va. 10,108 1899 2   704 N. Y.  G.
Beaver Falls, Pa. 9,735   2 4.5   N. Y.
Champaign, Ill.[55] 9,719     0.75   N. Y.
Chatham, Ont. 9,052 1895 1 0.4 280 N. Y.  P.
Adrian, Mich. 8,756 1899 1.75 0.45 565 J.  G.
Athens, Ga. 8,639 1893 1 0.45 420 W.  G.
East Providence, R. I. 8,422 1899 0.5   176 J.  G.
Winston, N. C. 8,018 1895 0.5 0.3 156 W.  G.
Danville, Penna. 7,998 1896 1 1 226 J.  G.
Clarksville, Tenn.[56] 7,924 1899 1.5 0.5 704 J.  G.
Stevens Point, Wis. 7,896 1889 0.5 0.25 156 N. Y.  P.
Carlisle, Pa. 7,620 1896 1.5   339 J.  G.
Calais, Me. 7,290 1893 1.5 0.85 275 W.  G.
Long Branch, N. J. 7,231 1888 3 1.3 904 N. Y.  P.
Creston, Ia. 7,200 1891 0.5 0.3 150 J.
St. Hyacinthe, Que. 7,016 1898 1 0.84 294 J.  P.
Rome, Ga.[56] 6,957 1899 1.5 1.3 528 J.  G.
Westerly, R. I. 6,813 1896 1.5 0.375 396 N. Y.  G.
Merrill, Wis. 6,809 1897 1   339 J.  G.
Dennison, Ohio[56] 6,767 1899 1.25 1 528 J.  G.
Parsons, Kan. 6,736 1894 2 0.6 452 J.  G.
Waterloo, Iowa 6,674 1891 1.5 0.7 565 J.  G.
Somerville, N. J. 6,417 1885 1.9 0.75 552 N. Y.  P.
Athol, Mass. 6,319 1888 1.5 0.5 350 N. Y.  P.
Owego, N. Y. 6,200 1887 1 0.75 234 N. Y.  P.
Brunswick, Maine 6,012 1887 0.6 0.33 100 W.
Bucyrus, Ohio 5,974 1887 0.5 0.55 156 N. Y.  P.
Warren, Ohio 5,973 1896 1.5 1.5 462 W.  G.
Hopkinsville, Ky. 5,833 1895 0.5 0.15 140 N. Y.  P.
Brainerd, Minn. 5,703 1897 0.5   156 N. Y.  P.
New Brighton, Pa. 5,616 1889 0.5   156 N. Y.  P.
Niagara Falls, N. Y. 5,502 1896 4.5 2.62 1019 J.  G.
Durham, N. C. 5485 1893 0.9 0.7 252 W.  G.
Winfield, Kan. 5184 1894 1   336 W.  G.
Louisiana, Mo. 5090 1888 0.8   242 N. Y.  P. & G.
Trenton, Mo. 5039 1889 0.4   128 N. Y.  P.
Lorain, Ohio 4863 1896 3 1.5 1356 J.  G.
Sidney, Ohio[55] 4850     0.5   N. Y.
Mexico, Mo. 4789 1889 0.3 0.4 66 N. Y.  P.
Mt. Clemens, Mich. 4748 1888 1 0.6 251 N. Y.  P.
Riverside, Cal. 4683 1892 0.09   20 N. Y.  P.
Columbus, Miss.[56] 4559 1899 0.5 0.175 176 J.  G.
Winchester, Ky. 4519 1894 0.75 0.107 152 J.  P.
Salisbury, N. C. 4418 1889 0.5 0.35 156 N. Y.  P.
Eufaula, Ala. 4394 1897 0.5   140 N. Y.  P.
Greenville, Tex. 4330 1888 0.8 0.175 156 N. Y.  P.
Exeter, N. H. 4284 1887 0.114 0.179 34 N. Y.  P.
Bordentown, N. J. 4232 1890 0.5 0.5 156 N. Y.  P.
Lake Forest, Ill. 4203 1892 1   168 J.  P.
Henderson, N. C. 4191 1899 0.25   118 W.  G.
Reading, Mass. 4088 1896 1 0.198 336 W.  G.
Goldsboro, N. C. 4017 1896 0.5 0.1 156 W.  G.
Rich Hill, Mo. 4008 1893 0.5 0.24 140 N. Y.  P.
Mt. Pleasant, Ia. 3997 1888 0.5   156 N. Y.  P.
Murphysboro, Ill. 3880 1890 0.2   60 N. Y.  P.
Brandon, Manitoba 3778 1893 1 0.36 240 N. Y.  P.
Danville, Ky. 3766 1894 0.5 0.1 140 N. Y.  P.
Royersford, Pa. 3612 1893 1 0.08 226 J.  G.
Warsaw, Ind. 3514 1896 0.5 0.5 156 N. Y.  P.
Ashbury Park, N. J. 3500   2 0.5 670 C.
Keyport, N. J. 3411 1895 0.5 0.06 156 W.  G.
Deseronto, Ont. 3338 1896 0.5 0.84 147 J.  P.
Milledgeville, Ga. 3322 1893 0.5   156 N. Y.  P.
Carlinville, Ill. 3293   0.1   38 Am. or Jackson.
Gettysburg, Pa. 3221 1894 0.3 0.075 78 W.  G.
Independence, Kan. 3127 1891 0.75 0.25 129 Am.  P.
LaGrange, Ga. 3090 1893 0.25   34 N. Y.  P.
Paola, Kan. 2943 1887 0.25 0.45 66 N. Y.  P.
Benwood, W. Va.[56] 2934 1899 1   306 J.  G.
Gadsden, Ala. 2901 1887 1.325   430 N. Y. P. & G.
Lamar, Mo. 2860 1891 0.25   78 N. Y.  P.
Longueuil, Que. 2757 1895 0.4 0.3 100 N. Y.  P.
Washington, Mo. 2725 1888 0.2 0.075 50 N. Y.  P.
Renfrew, Ont. 2611 1897 0.432   100 N. Y.  P.
Oswego, Kan. 2574 1893 0.5 0.3 140 N. Y.  P.
Holden, Mo. 2520 1893 0.2 0.05 100 N. Y.  P.
Burlington, Kan. 2239   0.5   79 J.
Council Grove, Kan. 2211 1898 0.5 0.08 78 N. Y.
Wakefield, R. I.[56] 2170   0.15 0.25   N. Y.
Catonsville, Md. 2115 1890 0.25   78 N. Y.  P.
Attica, N. Y. 1994 1896 0.4   100 N. Y.  P.
Hightstown, N. J. 1875 1899 0.25 0.025 78 N. Y.  G.
No. Berwick, Me. 1803 1896 0.3   78 W.  G.
Dunnville, Ont. 1776 1899 0.5   140 N. Y.  P.
Rogers Park, Ill. 1708 1889 0.4 0.35 100 N. Y.  P.
Eatonton, Ga. 1682 1897 0.5   132 N. Y.  G.
Caldwell, Kan. 1642 1890 0.5   156 N. Y.  P.
LaGrange, Tex. 1626 1891 0.25   34 N. Y.  P.
Richfield Springs, N. Y. 1623 1889 0.35   100 N. Y.  P.
Valatie, N. Y. 1437 1894 0.15   50 N. Y.
Tunkhannock, Pa. 1253   0.1     N. Y.
Mechanics Falls, Me. 1030 1898 0.72   176 W.  G.
New Bethlehem, Pa. 1026 1899 0.1   50 J.  G.
Fairmount, W. Va. 1023 1898 1   280 N. Y.  P.
Atlantic Highlands, N. J. 945   0.3 0.109 130 C.
Rumford Falls, Me. 898 1897 0.5   113 W.  G.
Lakewood, N. J. 730 1889 0.5   156 N. Y.  P.
Veazie, Me. 650 1889 1 0.1 176 W.  G.
Portersville, Cal. 606 1890 0.151 0.060 34 N. Y.  P.
Holmesburg, Pa.   1896 1 0.046 280 N. Y.  P.
Pickering Creek, Pa.   1896 0.75   234 W.  G.
Overbrook, Penna.   1895 0.25   78 W.  G.
Vandergrift, Pa.   1897 0.5   156 W.  G.
Frazerville, P. Q.[56]   1899 0.2   78 N. Y.  G.
Arnate, Pa.   1899 0.12   50 N. Y.  G.
Chihuahua, Mex.[56]   1899 1  612 J.  G.
West Reading, Pa.       0.07   W.  G.
Totals 1,565,881   252 108 77,806