WeRead Powered by ReaderPub
The five republics of Central America cover

The five republics of Central America

Chapter 24: FOOTNOTES:
By Dana Gardner Munro
Open in WeRead

Explore more books like this:

History - AmericanHistory - Modern (1750+)Politics

About This Book

The author surveys the historical, political, and economic development of five Central American republics from colonial times to the early twentieth century, emphasizing how colonial legacies, social composition, and weak institutions produced chronic instability and recurrent revolutions. It analyzes constitutional structures, party politics, presidential power, and patronage across each republic, and assesses economic conditions and social divisions, including the marginalization of indigenous populations. The study also examines external influence, especially from the United States, and argues that informed foreign policy and domestic reform are crucial to promoting stable governance and economic progress; methodological limits of sources and the author's on-the-ground observations are noted.

FOOTNOTES:

[57] See U. S. Foreign Relations, 1909, under Nicaragua.

[58] For the text of the note, see U. S. Foreign Relations, 1910, p. 455.

[59] The events leading up to Zelaya’s fall are discussed in U. S. Foreign Relations, 1909, President Taft’s message to Congress on Foreign Relations, December, 1909, and Zelaya’s book, “La Revolución de Nicaragua y Los Estados Unidos.”

[60] See Messrs. Harrison and Conant’s Report Presenting a Plan of Monetary Reform for Nicaragua, pp. 10, 11.

[61] See U. S. Foreign Relations, 1910, pp. 764-6.

[62] The rate of exchange rose from 913% in December, 1909, to 2,000% at the end of 1911. See the Report of Messrs. Conant and Harrison, p. 15.

[63] The text of the treaty is printed in the American Journal of International Law, 1911, Supplement, p. 291.

[64] These and the later contracts between the bankers and the Nicaraguan Government have been published in the annual reports of the ministry of Hacienda y Crédito Público.

[65] Their report was the above cited Report Presenting a Plan of Monetary Reform for Nicaragua. The Monetary Law is printed in the report, p. 71.

[66] See his official report, December, 1914, p. 12.

[67] The following table, compiled from the Reports of the Collector General for 1911-13 and 1915, shows the total receipts, reduced to American gold, for the years 1904-15:

1904 $ 910,627.27
1905 1,282,246.86
1906 1,595,219.53
1907 1,246,844.85
1908 1,027,437.16
1909 976,554.15
1910 854,547.29
1911 1,138,428.89
1912 1,265,615.12
1913 1,729,008.34
1914 1,234,633.54
1915 787,767.11

[68] For the work of the Commission, see the article by Mr. Schoenrich, one of its members, in the American Journal of International Law, Vol. 9, p. 958.

[69] Report of the Navy Department, 1912, p. 13.

[70] See the contracts of Oct. 31, 1912, Memoria de Hacienda, 1912-13.

[71] Costa Rica protested to the United States on April 17, 1913, and to Nicaragua on April 27, 1913. Salvador protested to the United States on October 21, 1913, and to Nicaragua on April 14, 1916. The notes exchanged in regard to the treaty are published in Costa Rica, Memoria de Relaciones Exteriores, 1913, 1914, etc., and in Salvador, Libro Rosado for the same years. The documents accompanying the cases presented before the Central American Court have been published in English by the legations of the two countries at Washington.

[72] Nicaragua, Memoria de Hacienda, 1915, p. 750.