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The five republics of Central America

Chapter 26: FOOTNOTES:
By Dana Gardner Munro
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History - AmericanHistory - Modern (1750+)Politics

About This Book

The author surveys the historical, political, and economic development of five Central American republics from colonial times to the early twentieth century, emphasizing how colonial legacies, social composition, and weak institutions produced chronic instability and recurrent revolutions. It analyzes constitutional structures, party politics, presidential power, and patronage across each republic, and assesses economic conditions and social divisions, including the marginalization of indigenous populations. The study also examines external influence, especially from the United States, and argues that informed foreign policy and domestic reform are crucial to promoting stable governance and economic progress; methodological limits of sources and the author's on-the-ground observations are noted.

FOOTNOTES:

[73] Figures of Costa Rican government for imports from Nicaragua.

Note. These figures are compiled from official statistics, or from the United States Daily Consular and Trade Reports, which in turn are based upon the official statistics of the Central American governments. They are inexact, because the statistics upon which they are based are rarely entirely trustworthy.

[74] Special Agent Harris, in his Report on “Central America as an Export Field” (U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Special Agents’ Series, No. 113), gives the following figures in regard to the ownership and production of the coffee plantations of Guatemala:

Nationality No. of Plantations Product in quintals
Guatemalan 1,657 525,356
German 170 358,353
North American 16 19,285
Other 236 143,242

[75] 2,763,111 bunches were exported from Costa Rica to England in 1913. (Costa Rica, Anuario Estadístico, 1913, p. 279.)

[76] It is probable that more than this was actually produced. Large amounts are said to be smuggled out of certain countries every year to avoid paying the export tax, and this assertion is to some extent borne out by a comparison of the export statistics with the import statistics of the United States.

[77] Figures not available.