The French Revolution 1789-1795

INDEX.

• America, assisted by France, 25;
• declaration of Independence by, 26
• Army, the French, mutinies in, 73;
• disorderly condition of, 105;
• extraordinary measures for the enlistment of, 146;
• conscription introduced for, 170;
• treatment of, by the Hébertists, 188;
• reorganisation of, 189
• Artois, the Count of, emigrates, 63;
• appeals to foreign Powers, 86
• Assignats, first issue of, 68;
• fresh issues of, 94;
• continued issue and depreciation of, 149, 172, 224, 225
• Austria, relations of, with Prussia and Turkey, 97, 98;
• forms a defensive alliance with Prussia, 104;
• war declared by France against, 105;
• ill-feeling towards Prussia of, 161;
• Thugut, minister of, 162
• Avignon, massacre at, 110
• Bailly, is chosen mayor of Paris, 47;
• addresses the King on his visit to Paris, 48;
• execution of, 178
• Barbaroux, asks Marseilles to send men to Paris, 116;
• execution of, 208
• Barère, selfish indifference of, 200;
• applauds the financial results of the Terror, 207
• Barnave, is a leader of the Centre and Left, 53;
• is a rival of Mirabeau, 57;
• is popular in the Jacobin Club, 65;
• supports the King after the flight to Varennes, 90;
• joins the Feuillants, 92;
• execution of, 178
• Basel, peace of, 238
• Bastille, the attack upon, 45;
• capture of, 46
• Belgium, invaded by the French, 111;
• invaded by Dumouriez, 130;
• question of the annexation of, 131;
• its annexation decreed, 141;
• is reconquered by the allies, 161;
• is again conquered by the French, 213
• Berthier, murder of, 48
• Billaud-Varennes, elected to the commune of Paris, 120;
• is placed on the Committee of Public Safety, 167;
• sanguinary character of, 200;
• opposes Robespierre, 217
• Bonaparte, Napoleon, suppresses the insurrection of Vendémiaire, 250
• Bordeaux, Girondist sentiments of, 157
• Bouillé, suppresses a mutiny at Nancy, 73;
• supports the flight to Varennes, 89
• Brienne, ministry of, 27
• Brissot, political opinions of, 76;
• calls for a republic, 90;
• trial and execution of, 177
• Brunswick, the Duke of, publishes a manifesto, 114;
• conducts the invasion, 123;
• retreats from Valmy, 124;
• commands one of the armies of the coalition, 141;
• takes Mainz, 161;
• is obliged to retreat, 192
• Burke, his Reflections on the French Revolution, 138
• Caen, Girondist sentiments prevail at, 157
• Cahiers, the, 29
• Calendar, the republican, 180
• Calonne, ministry of, 27
• Cambon, financial measures of, 195
• Carnot, directs the movements of the armies, 189;
• arranges the campaign of 1794, 212;
• escapes from prosecution after the insurrection of Prairial, 231
• Carrier, conduct of, at Nantes, 186;
• execution of, 223
• Cathelineau, crosses the Loire, 160;
• is killed, 161
• Catherine II., patronises French philosophers, 22;
• extends her dominions in Poland and the Crimea, 96;
• proposes a second partition of Poland, 135
• Cazalès, defends the monarchy, 51
• Champ de Mars, the, massacre of, 91
• Charette, commands part of the Vendean army, 160;
• fails to cross the Loire, 161
• Chaumette, elected to the commune of Paris, 120;
• his position in the commune, 169;
• attacks religion, 179
• Chollet, defeat of the Vendeans at, 182
• Chouans, the, insurrection of, 241
• Church, the French, position of, before the revolution, 6, 15;
• demands of the Cahiers respecting, 31;
• its property appropriated by the Constituent Assembly, 67;
• the civil constitution provokes a schism in, 74;
• schism continued in, 101;
• treatment of, by the Hébertists, 179;
• Robespierre’s behaviour towards, 216;
• improvement in the condition of, 228;
• condition of, after the Terror, 246
• Civil constitution of the clergy, the, enacted, 69;
• position of the Legislative Assembly towards, 101
• Clavière, minister of Finance, 105;
• is dismissed, 112;
• is restored to office, 117
• Clermont-Tonnerre, 52
• Coburg, commands one of the armies of the coalition, 141;
• relieves Maestricht, 142;
• takes Condé and Valenciennes, 161;
• evacuates Belgium, 213
• Collot d’Herbois, elected to the commune of Paris, 120;
• becomes a member of the Committee of Public Safety, 167;
• sanguinary character of, 200;
• opposes Robespierre, 217
• Committee of General Security instituted, 146
• Committee of Public Safety, instituted, 145;
• acquires power over the Convention, 166;
• does not dare to risk a collision with the Commune, 167;
• composition of, 200;
• gains over the mob, 203;
• dictatorship of, 204;
• dissatisfaction of Robespierre with, 205;
• extension of the Terror by, 208;
• Robespierre’s management of, 214;
• discord in, 217;
• reorganisation of, after the Terror, 221
• Commune of Paris, the, first organisation of, 81;
• dispersion of the municipal council of, 116;
• reconstruction of, 119;
• organises the September massacres, 121;
• re-election of, 129;
• heads the movement for the proscription of the Girondists, 153;
• its power independent of the Convention, 167;
• controls the revolutionary army, 174;
• is attacked by Robespierre, 198;
• is reconstituted by Robespierre, 205;
• is broken up, 221
• Condé surrenders, 161
• Conscription, the, resorted to, 170
• Constituent Assembly, the, fusion of the orders in, 38;
• its dissolution desired by the Queen, 43;
• abolishes feudal services, 49;
• formation of parties in, 51;
• wishes to establish constitutional government, 55;
• constitutional provisions of, 58;
• annuls regulations impeding the circulation of corn, 59;
• removes to Paris, 62;
• completes the constitution, 65;
• appropriates Church property, 67;
• enacts the civil constitution of the clergy, 69;
• increase of party spirit in, 70;
• abolishes titles of nobility, 71;
• leaves the King without authority, 72;
• presents the constitution to the King, and dissolves itself, 93
• Constitution, of 1791, 65, 92;
• of 1793, 158;
• of 1795, 247
• Convention, the National, summoned, 117;
• elected, 123;
• parties in, 124;
• its galleries occupied by Jacobins, 129;
• offers to help all peoples desirous of freedom, 131;
• decrees the union of Nice and Savoy, 133;
• decrees the opening of the Scheldt, and orders the generals to proclaim the sovereignty of the people, 134;
• condemns the King, 140;
• decrees the annexation of Belgium, and declares war against England, 141;
• institutes the Committee of Public Safety, 145;
• orders the transportation of priests, 147;
• forbids the emigrants to return on pain of death, 148;
• refuses to proscribe the Girondists, 153;
• is compelled to order the arrest of the Girondists, 155;
• resistance in the departments to, 157;
• falls into the hands of the extreme party in the Mountain, 165;
• its comparative weakness, 166;
• orders a levy en masse, 170;
• orders requisitions to supply Paris, and institutes a revolutionary army, 174;
• passes the law of suspected persons, 175;
• sends twenty-one deputies before the Revolution Court, 176;
• submits to the Commune, 180;
• accepts the Worship of Reason, 181;
• Reorganises the army, 189;
• its legislative work, 193;
• reorganises the Revolutionary Court, 215;
• overthrows Robespierre, 219;
• parties in, after the fall of Robespierre, 222;
• restoration of Girondist deputies to, 223;
• reaction in, 224;
• looks for the support to the party of reaction, 227;
• foreign policy of, 233;
• becomes unpopular with the middle classes, 244
• Cordeliers, the Club of the, presided over by Danton, 82;
• demands a republic, 91
• Corday, Charlotte, admires the Girondists, 163;
• assassinates Marat, 164
• Couthon, is placed on the Committee of Public Safety, 167;
• his conduct in Auvergne, 185;
• supports Robespierre, 200;
• arrest of, 219;
• execution of, 220
• Custine, takes Frankfort, 130;
• is driven out of Frankfort, 141
• D’Alembert, writings of, 14;
• Danton, presides over the Cordeliers, 82;
• calls for a republic, 90;
• becomes Minister of Justice, 117;
• stirs up resistance against invasion, 121;
• resigns his ministry, 125;
• is attacked by the Girondists, 127;
• advocates the condemnation of the King, 140;
• breaks with the Girondists, 144;
• loses authority in the Convention, 165;
• wishes to stop the Reign of Terror, 197;
• is executed, 204
• Dauphin, the, death of, 245
• De Launay, murder of, 46
• Delessart, advocates peace, 104;
• is charged with treason, 105
• Departments, France divided into, 65
• Desmoulins, Camille, urges the Parisians to take arms, 44;
• political opinions of, 77;
• advocates a republic, 90;
• supports Robespierre, 109;
• wishes to stop the Reign of Terror, 197;
• publishes The Old Cordelier, 199;
• execution of, 204
• D’Espréménil, defends the old system, 51
• Diderot, writings of, 14
• Directors, appointment of, 251
• Dumouriez, minister of foreign affairs, 105;
• resigns, 112;
• commands the army, 121;
• occupied the Argonnes, 123;
• gains a victory at Jemmapes, 130;
• proposes the invasion of Holland, 135;
• fails in an invasion of Holland, 142;
• is defeated at Neerwinden, 143;
• takes refuge with the Austrians, 144
• Economists, the, 16
• Egalité, Philip. See Orleans, Duke of
• Elizabeth, Madame, execution of, 178
• Emigrants, the, begin to leave France, 63;
• increasing numbers of, 71;
• are encouraged by the princes on the Rhine, 101;
• confiscation of the revenues of, 111;
• are forbidden to return on pain of death, 148
• Empire, the defective organisation of, 96;
• anti-French feeling in, 102;
• joins the coalition against France, 141
• Encyclopædia, the, 14
• England, political condition of, 23;
• dislikes the annexation of Belgium by France, 133;
• opposes the opening of the Scheldt, 134;
• state of political opinion in, 136;
• war declared by France against, 141
• Europe, prevalence of Voltairian ideas in, 21
• Federation, Feasts of the, 70
• Feraud, murder of, 230
• Feudal nobility, privileges of, under the monarchy, 1–5;
• abolition of, 49
• Feuillants, the club of the, foundation of, 92
• Fleurus, battle of, 213
• Foulon, murder of, 48
• Fouquier Tinville, public prosecutor, 176
• France before the revolution, political condition of, 1;
• economical condition of, 8;
• progress of reforming ideas in, 22
• Francis II., the Emperor, war declared by France against, 105;
• hopes to make conquests in France, 135
• Frankfort, occupied by Custine, 130;
• stormed by the Prussians, 141
• Frederick II., patronises French philosophers, 22;
• extends his territories, 97
• Frederick William II., concludes the treaty of Reichenbach, 97;
• is prevented from helping Louis, 99;
• urges a march to Paris, 123;
• agrees to the second partition of Poland, 135
• Gensonné, sits in the Legislative Assembly, 100;
• trial and execution of, 177
• Germany. See Empire, the
• Germinal, insurrection of, 226
• Girondists, the principles of, 100;
• ecclesiastical policy of, 101;
• warlike tendencies of, 102;
• enter the ministry, 105;
• opposition aroused against, 106;
• hope for the establishment of a republic, 111;
• dismissal of their ministers, 112;
• make overtures to the King, 115;
• form the right of the Convention, 125;
• weakness of, 126;
• attack Robespierre and Danton, 127;
• increasing weakness of, 142;
• break with Danton, 144;
• attacked by Robespierre, 145;
• economical doctrines of, 149;
• movement for the proscription of, 153;
• arrest of the leaders of, 155;
• causes of the failure of, 156;
• feeling in the departments in favour of, 157;
• suppression of the movement in favour of, 158;
• trial and execution of the leaders of, 177;
• restoration of the survivors of, 224
• Gobel, Archbishop, resigns office, 180
• Grégoire, Bishop, refuses to resign office, 180
• Guadet, sits in the Legislative Assembly, 100
• Hague, the, the treaty of, 210
• Hébert, elected to the Commune of Paris, 120;
• his position in the Commune, 169;
• his character and aims, 170;
• calls for a reign of terror, 175;
• attacks Christianity, 179;
• supports the system of terror, 183;
• is opposed by Robespierre, 197;
• execution of, 204
• Hoche, commands the army on the Moselle, 192;
• is sent to command in the west, 242;
• defeats the Chouans at Quiberon, 244
• Holland, proposed invasion of, 135;
• failure of Dumouriez in an attack upon, 142;
• is conquered by Pichegru, 232
• Hondschoote, battle of, 191
• Houchard, defeats the enemy and is guillotined, 191
• Isnard, desires war with Austria, 103;
• threatens that Paris shall be destroyed, 154
• Jacobins, the club of, formation of, 64;
• affiliation of provincial clubs to, 80;
• asks for the King’s deposition after the flight to Varennes, 91;
• opposition to the Girondists in, 106;
• gives its confidence to Robespierre, 109;
• proposes to dethrone the King, 115;
• takes part against the Girondists, 129;
• Robespierre’s influence at, 201;
• closure of, 223
• Jalès, camp of, 110
• Jemmapes, battle of, 130
• Joseph II., the Emperor, reforms attempted by, 23;
• wishes to incorporate Bavaria, 97
• Jourdan, gains the victory of Wattignies, 191
• June, battle of the first of, 237
• Kaunitz, is indifferent to the progress of the revolution, 98
• Kellermann, commands at Metz, 121
• Kléber, commands against the Vendeans, 182
• Lafayette, proposes the adoption of the tricolour, 47;
• is a leader of the Centre and Left, 53;
• supports the system of two chambers, 54;
• refuses to support Mirabeau, 57;
• extent of the influence of, 60;
• arrives at Versailles, 61;
• guards the King, 63;
• supports the King after the flight to Varennes, 91;
• joins the Feuillants, 92;
• commands on the Eastern frontier, and denounces the Jacobins, 112;
• appears at the bar of the Assembly, 113;
• support of, rejected by the Queen, 114;
• is acquitted by the Assembly, 116;
• flies from the country and is imprisoned by the Austrians, 119
• Lally-Tollendal, 52, 63
• Lameth, the brothers, are amongst the leaders of the Centre and Left, 53;
• distrust Mirabeau, 57;
• join the Feuillants, 92
• La Vendée. See Vendeans, the
• Legislative Assembly, the, composition of, 99;
• ecclesiastical policy of, 101;
• growth of warlike tendencies in, 102;
• declares war against the King of Hungary, 105;
• decrees that Volunteers shall come to Paris, 112;
• proclaims the country to be in danger, 114;
• suspends the King, and summons a National Convention, 117;
• last sitting of, 124
• Le Mans, defeat of the Vendeans at, 183
• Leopold II. the Emperor, is urged by the Queen to intervene in France, 94;
• concludes the treaty of Reichenbach, 97;
• concludes the treaty of Sistova, 98;
• refuses to help Louis, 99;
• seeks to avoid war, 103;
• claims a right of interference in France, 104;
• death of, 105
• Levy en masse, 170
• Longwy, siege of, 121
• Louis XIV., monarchy of, 2
• Louis XV., misgovernment of, 3
• Louis XVI., accession of, 18;
• character of, 19;
• takes part in the American war, 25;
• design of, in summoning the States General, 32;
• opens the States General, 33;
• weakness of his position, 34;
• attempts to hinder the fusion of the orders, 39;
• dismisses Necker, 44;
• visits Paris after the capture of the Bastille, 47;
• idea of retreating to Metz, considered by, 60;
• is brought to Paris, 62;
• swears to maintain the Constitution, 70;
• appoints reactionary ministers, 81;
• refuses to be guided by Mirabeau, 83;
• dislikes the civil constitution of the clergy, 86;
• desires that the constitution may fail, 87;
• attempts flight, 88;
• is stopped at Varennes, 89;
• his deposition proposed and rejected, 90;
• accepts the constitution, 93;
• deception practised by him, 93;
• hopes that the allies will reach Paris, 105;
• refuses to sanction a decree against the nonjurors, 111;
• refuses to sanction a decree for the meeting of Volunteers at Paris, and dismisses the Girondist ministers, 112;
• is visited by the mob, 113;
• is driven from the Tuileries and suspended, 117;
• causes of the fall of, 118;
• trial of, 139
• Lyons, royalist insurrection at, 157;
• surrender of, 181;
• vengeance taken on, 186
• Mainz, surrender to the French, 130;
• is retaken by Brunswick, 161
• Malouet, 52
• Marat, political opinions of, 78;
• attacks the Girondists, 109;
• takes part in the September massacres, 122;
• acquittal of, 145;
• assassination of, 163
• Marie Antoinette, character of, 20;
• urges the King to hinder the fusion of the orders, 39;
• distrusts Mirabeau, 57;
• appears at a military banquet at Versailles, 61;
• is brought to Paris, 62;
• becomes unpopular, 86;
• effect of her counsels on her husband, 87;
• urges the King to fly, 88;
• is arrested at Varennes, 89;
• urges the Emperor to intervene, 94;
• refuses the help of the constitutionalists and the emigrants, 95;
• is threatened by the mob, 113;
• refuses to be saved by Lafayette, 114;
• execution of, 177
• Marseillaise, the, 116
• Maury, the Abbé, defends the clergy, 51
• Maximum laws, the, enacted, 171;
• difficulty of enforcing, 175;
• re-enacted in a new form, 203;
• cease to be observed, 224;
• are repealed, 225
• Merlin of Douai, 53
• Mirabeau, character and policy of, 35;
• is chosen as a representative of the Third Estate, 37;
• is a leader of the Centre and Left, 53;
• opposes Necker, 55;
• statesmanlike policy of, 56;
• difficulties in the way of, 57;
• attacks Necker, 58;
• close of the career of, 82;
• death of, 84
• Miranda, fails to take Maestricht, 147
• Molleville, reactionary opinions of, 105
• Monarchy, the French, rise of, 1;
• centralisation of the government of, 7
• Mounier, 52, 63
• Mountain, the, proposes the deposition of the King, 115;
• struggles with the Girondists, 125;
• urges the condemnation of the King, 140;
• obtains the creation of the Revolutionary Court, 143;
• obtains the command of the Committee of Public Safety, 146;
• principles of, 148;
• supports a coercive economical policy, 152;
• fills the clubs with its supporters, 162;
• is held in subserviency by the committees and the commune, 192;
• is divided in opinion after Robespierre’s fall, 222;
• asks for the constitution of 1793, 226;
• transportation of the leaders of, 227
• Municipality of Paris. See Commune of Paris
• Nancy, mutiny at, 73
• Narbonne, conduct of, a minister of war, 105
• National Assembly, the title of adopted by the Third Estate, 38.
• See Constituent Assembly
• Necker, first ministry of, 25;
• second ministry of, 29;
• gives advice to the States General, 33;
• weakness of policy, 34;
• is opposed to the dissolution of the Assembly, 43;
• dismissal of, 44;
• recalled to office, 47;
• fails to guide the Assembly, 55;
• finally resigns office, 81
• Neerwinden, battle of, 143
• Nice, occupied by the French, 129;
• annexed, 133
• Nonjurors, the, refuse to swear to the civil constitution of the clergy, 75;
• are deprived of their pensions, 101;
• are threatened with banishment, 111;
• transportation of, 180
• Notables, the, meeting of, 27
• Orders, the privileged, exempted from taxation, 8
• Orleans, Duke of, takes the popular side, 42;
• is said to have aimed at the throne, 63;
• sits with the Montagnards, 125;
• trial of, 176;
• is executed, 178
• Paris, anarchy in, 42;
• assault upon the Bastille in, 45;
• establishment of a municipality and a national guard in, 47;
• difficulty of provisioning, 59;
• the King brought to, 62;
• organisation of, 81;
• proposed formation of an armed camp for the defence of, 111;
• preparations for insurrection in, 116;
• election of a new commune of, 119;
• massacres in, 121;
• predominates over the departments, 126;
• is ruled by the new commune, 120
• Parliaments, the, oppose the King, 25, 28
• Pétion, sits on the extreme left in the Constituent Assembly, 53;
• becomes Mayor of Paris, 112;
• death of, 208
• Pichegru, defeats the allies on the Rhine, 192;
• conquers Flanders, 213;
• conquers Holland, 232
• Pilnitz, conference at, 98
• Pitt, internal policy of, 24;
• refuses to join foreign powers against France, 98;
• character of the statesmanship of, 136;
• strives to maintain peace, 138
• Plain, the, position of, in the convention, 128
• Poland, first partition of, 96;
• establishment of a new constitution in, 98;
• hostility of Catherine II. to, 99;
• proposed second partition of, 135;
• insurrection of, 210;
• second partition of, 211;
• third partition of, 236
• Portugal, joins the coalition against France, 141
• Prairial, insurrection of, 231
• Privileged orders, the, position of, 8;
• aims of, 29
• Provinces, the, insurrections in, 48;
• anarchy in, 109
• Prussia, its relations with Austria, 97;
• forms a defensive alliance with Austria, 104;
• is drawn into a war with France, 105;
• its jealousy of Austria, 161;
• concludes peace with France, 238
• Quiberon, peninsular of Hoche’s victory at, 244
• Reason, the worship of, 181
• Reichenbach, treaty of, 97
• Rennes, Girondist sentiments of, 157
• Revolutionary army, the formation of, 173
• Revolutionary Court, the, establishment of, 143;
• deputies first sent before, 176
• Rights of Man, declaration of the, 58
• Robespierre, sits on the extreme Left in the Constituent Assembly, 53;
• is applauded by the Jacobins, 65;
• hesitates to decide for the King’s deposition, 90;
• proposes a law forbidding re-election, 92;
• leads the opposition against the Girondists, 107;
• opposes the war, 108;
• is elected to the Commune, 120;
• is attacked by the Girondists, 127;
• proposes the imprisonment of the leading Girondists, 145;
• supports the insurrection against the Girondists, 153;
• becomes a leading member of the Committee of Public Safety, 167;
• attacks the Hébertists, 197;
• causes of the influence of, 201;
• procures the destruction of the Hébertists by abandoning Danton, 202;
• is dissatisfied with the Committee of Public Safety, 205;
• reduces the Terror to a system, 208;
• inaugurates the worship of the Supreme Being, 214;
• reorganises the Revolutionary Court, 215;
• comes into collision with the Committee of Public Safety, 217;
• his imprisonment, 219;
• execution of, 220
• Roland, is minister of the interior, 105;
• attempts in vain to restore order, 109;
• is dismissed, 112;
• projects of a retreat to the Loire discussed in the house of, 115;
• is restored to office, 117;
• resignation of, 145;
• death of, 178
• Roland, Madame, directs the actions of her husband, 115;
• execution of, 178
• Rousseau, doctrines of, 16
• St. Just, is placed on the Committee of Public Safety, 167;
• makes requisitions at Strasburg, 185;
• character and aims of, 206;
• arrest of, 219;
• execution of, 220
• Santerre, commands the national guard, 122
• Sardinia, the King of, war declared against, 130
• Saumur, is taken by the Vendeans, 160
• Savoy, occupied by the French, 129;
• annexed, 133
• Scheldt, the opening of, 134
• September massacres, the, 121
• Servan, is minister of war, 111;
• is dismissed, 112;
• is restored to office, 117
• Siéyès, writes a pamphlet, 30;
• is a leader of the Centre and Left, 53
• Sistova, the treaty of, 98
• Smith, Adam, publishes the ‘Wealth of Nations,’ 24
• Spain, joins the coalition against France, 141;
• concludes peace with France, 239
• States-General, the, summoned, 28;
• discussions on the constitution of, 31;
• meeting of, 33;
• fusion of the orders in, 38.
• See Constituent Assembly
• Supreme Being, the, worship of, 214
• Tallien, conduct of, at Bordeaux, 185;
• his position after the revolution of Thermidor, 223
• Taxation, exemption of the privileged orders from, 8;
• character of, under the monarchy, 9;
• system of, established by the Constituent Assembly, 94
• Tennis Court Oath, the, 40
• Terror, the Reign of, commencement of, 165
• Thermidor, revolution of, 219
• Thermidorians, the, party of, 222
• Third Estate, double representation of, 31;
• adopts the title of the National Assembly, 38
• Thouret, 53
• Thugut, becomes foreign minister of Austria, 162;
• foreign policy of, 234
• Tories, the English, 136
• Toulon, resists the Convention, 157;
• capture of, 181;
• vengeance taken on, 186
• Turcoing, Pichegru’s victory at, 213
• Turgot, ministry of, 18
• Turreau, devastates La Vendée, 209
• Valenciennes, surrenders, 161
• Valmy, cannonade of, 124
• Varennes, the flight to, 88
• Vendeans, the, rise in insurrection, 147;
• mode of fighting of, 159;
• first successes of, 160;
• are driven back into their own country, 161;
• destruction of the army of, 182;
• continuance of the war against, 208
• Vendémiaire, insurrection of, 249
• Verdun, siege of, 121
• Vergnaud, sits in the Legislative Assembly, 100;
• qualities of, 126;
• trial and execution of, 177
• Versailles, arrival of the mob at, 61;
• the King removed from, 62
• Veto, given to the King, 58
• Voltaire, opinions and influence of, 14, 21
• Wattignies, Battle of, 193
• Weissenburg, the lines of, 192
• Whigs, the English, 136
• White Terror, the, 229
• Wurmser, commands the Austrians on the Rhine, 192
• York, the Duke of, commands the English Army in the Netherlands, 161;
• is driven from Dunkirk, 191;
• commands the English forces in the campaign of 1794, 212;
• fails to defend Holland, 232
• Young, Arthur, describes the economical condition of France, 11