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The Fundamentals of Bacteriology

Chapter 119: INDEX
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About This Book

This work provides a comprehensive overview of bacteriology, covering the morphology, physiology, and pathogenicity of bacteria. It begins with historical context and foundational concepts, such as spontaneous generation and the causation of disease. The text is divided into sections that explore bacterial cell structures, growth conditions, metabolic activities, and methods for studying bacteria, including culture techniques and isolation methods. It also addresses disinfection and sterilization practices, alongside a detailed examination of pathogenic bacteria and their effects on health. The content is designed for educational purposes, supporting both general and specialized study in the field.

INDEX

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  • A
  • Abbé, 17
    • condenser, 200
    • microscope, improvements in, 30, 36
  • Abilgaard, 26
  • Abrin, 262
  • Absorption of free nitrogen, 117
  • Accidental carriers, 241
    • structures, 43
  • Acetic acid, 99
    • bacteria, carbon oxidation, 114
    • fermentation, 32
  • Acetobacter acidi oxalici, 83
    • xylinum, 83
  • Achorion schœnleinii, 27, 34
  • Acid, acetic, 99
      • fermentation, 32
    • agglutination, 266
    • amino, relation to green plants, 119
    • butyric, 99
      • fermentation, 32, 99
    • carbolic, first used, 29
    • disinfectant action of, 159
    • fast bacteria, fat content, 84
      • staining of, 209
    • fermentation, 93
      • Bulgarian fermented milk, 98
      • ensilage, 98
      • industrial uses, 97
      • lactic acid, 96
      • sauerkraut, 98
    • hydrochloric, 246
    • production of, 110
    • soils, 81
  • Acquired immunity, 251, 252
  • Actinomyces bovis, 30, 36
  • Actinomycosis, cause of, 30, 36
    • path of entrance of, 244
  • Actions, reducing, 113
  • Activating enzymes, 125
  • Active immunity, definition of, 251, 252
    • production of, 252
  • Activities of bacteria, importance of, 31
    • overproduction, of cells, 258
    • physiological, definition of, 87
      • in identification, 216
  • Acute coryza, 244
  • Adulteration of food, anaphylactic test in, 293
      • complement-fixation test in, 279
      • immunity reactions in, 255
      • precipitin test in, 269
  • Aërobes, facultative, 76
    • strict, 76
  • Aërobic, 76, 215
  • Agar, composition of, 179
    • gelatinizing temperature, 179
    • medium, preparation of, 179
    • melting point of, 179
    • plating in, 188
    • sterilization of, 180
  • Agent, chemical, for disinfection, 156–163
    • choice of, for disinfection, 164
    • physical, for disinfection, 131
  • Agglutinating group, 266
  • Agglutination, acid, 266
    • diagnostic value of, 266
    • in identification of bacteria, 266
    • macroscopic, 265
    • microscopic, 265
    • phenomenon, 265
  • Agglutinin, 265
    • absorption test for, 267
    • action of, 266
    • anti-, 270
    • antigenic action of, 270
    • bacterial, 265
    • chief, 267
    • co-, 267
    • function of, 266
    • normal, 266
    • partial, 267
    • relation to precipitins, 269
    • specificity of, 267
    • theory of formation, 265
    • use of, 266
  • Agglutinogen, 266
  • Agglutinoid, 270
  • Aggressins, 288
  • Air, bacteria in, 71
    • filtration of, 153
    • “germ-free,” 153
  • Albumin in bacteria, 84
  • Alcohol as antiseptic, 160
    • as disinfectant, 160
  • Alcoholase, 125
  • Alcoholic fermentation, 31, 100
  • Alexin, 271, 273
  • Algæ, relation to bacteria, 37
  • Alimentary tract as path of entrance, 246
  • Alkalies as disinfectants, 158
  • Allergic, 290
  • Amboceptor, 273
    • anti-, 275
    • co-, 274
    • in cobra, 275
    • formation of, 273
    • hemolytic, 278
    • partial, 274
    • in rattle snake, 275
    • specificity of, 274
    • theory of formation, 273
  • Amboceptorogen, 274
  • Amebic dysentery, 29, 35
  • Ameboid cells, 247
    • colonies, 224
  • Amino-acids, relation to green plants, 119
  • Ammonia, structural formula, 103
  • Ammoniacal fermentation, 32
  • Amœba coli, 29, 35
  • Amphitrichic, 46
  • Amylase, 124
  • Anaërobes, 76
    • cultivation, methods of, 188
      • principles underlying, 188
    • facultative, 76
    • isolation of, 190
    • relation to elements, 86
    • strict, 76
  • Anaërobic, 76, 215
    • acid, butyric, 99
    • acid fermentation, 98
    • bacteria, first discovered, 32
    • fermentation of polysaccharides, 95
  • Analysis of ash, 82
    • chemical, of tubercle bacilli, 85
  • Anaphylactic, anti-, 290
    • phenomena, 292
    • reaction, uses of, 293
  • Anaphylatoxin, 290
  • Anaphylaxis, 289
  • Anaximander, 18
  • Anderson, 289
  • Anderson and McClintic, phenol coefficient, 165
  • Andry, 25, 33
  • Anilin dyes, as antiseptic, 162
      • as disinfectants, 162
      • introduction of, 30
      • as stains, 204
      • Weigert, 36
    • fuchsin, 205
    • gentian violet, 205
    • water, 205
  • Animal carriers, 239
    • inoculation, uses of, 227
  • Animalcules, 19, 33
  • Animals, disinfection of, 170
    • experimental, 227
    • food relationships of, 39
  • Ankylostoma duodenale, discovery of, 27, 34
    • Egyptian chlorosis, cause of, 28, 35
    • hookworm disease, cause of, 28
  • Anthrax, 17, 28, 35
    • bacterium a facultative saprophyte, 238
      • isolation of, 29
    • due to a bacterium, 29
    • in human beings, 238
    • path of entrance, 243
    • persistence due to spores, 251
    • produced by exhaustion, 251
    • protective inoculation in, 30
    • spores, 29, 35
    • transmission by flies, 242
    • vaccine, 254
  • Anti-agglutinins, 270
    • aggressins, 288
    • amboceptors, 275
      • antisera in snake poisoning, 275
    • anaphylactic, 290
    • anaphylaxis due to intracellular digestion, 292
      • protein immunity compared to, 292
    • bacterial immunity, 254, 255
    • bodies, 259
      • place of production, 295
      • tabulation of, 294
    • body, action, 260
      • chemical composition, 260
      • formation of, 128, 260
    • complement, 274
    • complementophil amboceptor, 275
    • cytophil amboceptor, 275
    • diphtheritic serum, 263
    • enzyme, 122, 262
      • function of, 262
  • Antigen, 259
    • chemical composition of, 260
    • in complement-fixation, 277
    • syphilitic, 277, 279
    • in Wassermann test, 279
  • Antigens, fats and fatty acids as, 260
    • in preparation of vaccine, 285
    • tabulation of, 294
  • Antipollenin, 263
  • Antiprecipitins, 270
  • Antisepsis, 131
    • Lister, introduced, 35
    • primitive, 25
  • Antiseptic, 131
    • action of anilin dyes, 162
    • carbolic acid as, 159
    • cold as, 148
  • Antisera in snake poisoning, 275
  • Antisnake venoms, 275
  • Antitetanic serum, 263
  • Antitoxic immunity, 254, 255
  • Antitoxin, 261
    • collection of, 263
    • diphtheria, 30, 252
    • preparation of, 263
    • standard, 264
    • tetanus, 252
  • Antitoxins, 261–264
    • as factors in immunity, 295
    • preservative in, 263
    • specific, 261
  • Antivenin, 263
  • Apes, 227
  • Apparatus of Barber, 196
  • Appearance of growth on culture media, 217
  • Appert, 20, 31, 34
  • Aqueous gentian violet, 205
  • Arborescent growth, 221
  • Aristotle, 18
  • Aromatic compounds, production of, 104, 111
  • Arrak, 100
  • Arsenate, reduction of, 114
  • Arsenite, oxidation of, 115
  • Arthus, 289
    • phenomenon, 289
  • Articles, unwashable, disinfection of, 169
    • washable, disinfection of, 169
  • Artificial immunity, 251, 252
  • Ase, termination of name of enzyme, 124
  • Asepsis, 131
  • Aseptic, 131
  • Ash, analysis of, 82
  • Asiatic cholera, 27, 34, 73, 238, 239, 246, 248, 249
  • Attenuated, 253
  • Autoclave, air pressure sterilizer, 138
    • pressure sterilizer, 138
  • Autogenous vaccines, 284
    • in epidemic, 241
  • Autoinfection, 234
  • Autolysis, 149
    • self-digestion, 126
  • Autotrophic, 86
  • Available nitrogen, loss of, 113
  • Azotobacter, 118
  • B
  • Babes-Ernst corpuscles, 45
  • Bacilli, butter, 209
    • colon, 248
    • grass, 209
    • size and shape of, 52
    • tubercle, chemical analysis of, 85
  • Bacillus, 52, 60, 62
    • anthracis, 17, 36
      • spore staining, 209
  • Bacillus of blue milk, 31
    • Ducrey’s, 245
    • subtilis, 77, 83
      • spore staining, 209
  • Bacteria, absorption of N by, 117
    • acid fast, 84, 209
    • adaptability, range of, 90
    • advantage of motility to, 45
    • aids in isolation of, 197
    • anaërobic, 32
    • cause of disease in animals, 30
      • of souring of milk, 32
    • cell groupings of, 55
    • chains of, 38
    • chemical composition of, 39, 81
      • elements in, 82
    • classed as fungi, 37
    • definition of, 40
    • development of, 90
    • distribution of, 71
    • energy relationships, 39
    • environmental conditions for growth, 72
    • first classification of, 34
      • drawings of, 20
      • seen, 19, 33
    • food relationships of, 39
    • injurious, 72
    • isolation of, 194
    • measurement of, 40, 203
    • metabolism of, 86
    • methods of study of, 171
    • morphology of, 41
    • motile, 45
    • nitric, 114
    • nitrous, 114
    • nucleus of, 42
    • occurrence, 71
    • pathogenic, outside the body, 237
    • phosphorescent, 111, 112
    • position of, 37
    • rate of division, 43
      • of motion, 45
    • relation to algæ, 33, 37
      • to elements, 86
      • to gas and oil, 95
      • to phosphate rock, 115
      • to protozoa, 40
      • to soil fertility, 120
      • to sulphur deposits, 116
      • to yeasts and torulæ, 37
    • reproduction of, 37, 55
    • root tubercle, 86, 87
    • size of, 37, 40
    • soil, chief function of, 119
    • source of N, 102
    • speed of, 45
    • spiral, 53
    • staining of, 204–212
    • sulphur, 63
    • thermophil, 75, 77
    • universal distribution of, 90
    • in vinegar-making, 99
  • Bacteriaceæ, 62, 66, 70
  • Bacterial agglutinin, 265
  • Bacterin, 253
  • Bacteriocidin, 272
  • Bacteriological culture tubes, 184
    • examination, material for, 228
    • microscope, 200
  • Bacteriology, pathogenic, definition of, 231
    • reasons for study of, 217
    • as a science, 17, 32
  • Bacteriolysin, 272
  • Bacteriopurpurin, 62, 63, 112
  • Bacteriotropin, 281
  • Bacterium abortus, agglutinin of, 265
    • coli in autoinfection, 234
      • gas formation by, 95
      • oxygen limits for, 77
      • pneumonia through intestinal route, 246
      • in preparation of sugar broths, 176
    • definition of, 62, 67, 70
    • enteriditis, cause of food poisoning, 104
    • fluorescens, oxygen limits, 77
    • typhosum, 73
      • agglutinin, 265
      • in phenol coefficient method, 166
      • pneumonia through intestinal route, 246
  • Ballon pipette, 193
  • Balsam, mounting in, 207
  • Barber, 253
    • apparatus, 196
  • Barnyards, disinfection of, 167
  • Baskets, wire, 184
  • Bassi, 27
    • silkworm disease, 34
  • Bastian, 24
  • Baumgärtner, 256
  • Beaded growth, 221
  • Bed-bugs, 241
  • Beds, contact, 116
  • Beer, pasteurization of, 141, 144, 145
  • Beggiatoa, 63
  • Beggiatoaceæ, 63
  • Behring, 30
  • Belfanti, 271
  • Berg, 27, 34
  • Berkefeld filter, 154
  • Bichloride of mercury as disinfectant, 158
  • Bilharz, 28, 35
  • Bilharzia disease, 28, 35
  • Biochemical reactions, definition of, 87
  • Biological relationships, immunity reactions, 255, 270
  • Bipolar germination of spore, 48
  • Bismarck brown, 209, 212
  • Black-leg, 51, 73, 238, 243, 248, 251
  • Bleaching powder as disinfectant, 158
  • Blood, collection of, 228
    • cytolytic power of, 272
    • detection of, 269
    • serum, liquid, sterilization of, 182
      • Loeffler’s, 182
      • medium, preparation of, 182, 183
      • sterilization of, 182
    • vessels in dissemination of organisms, 247
  • Blue milk, bacterial cause of, 34
      • fermentation of, 31, 34
  • Boehm, 27, 34
  • Boiling as disinfectant, 133
  • Boils, 237, 240, 243
  • Bollinger, 29, 30, 35, 36
  • Bonnet, 20, 33
  • Bordet, 271
  • Botrytis bassiana, 27, 34
  • Bottles, staining of, 206
  • Bougies, 154
  • Bouillon, 173
  • Boyer, 260
  • Bread, salt rising, 95, 97
  • Bronchopneumonia, 233, 246
  • Broth, appearance of growth in, 218
    • extract of, 176
    • glycerine, 176
    • medium, 173
    • nitrate, 177
    • sterilization of, 174
    • sugar, 176
  • Brownian movement, 47, 203
  • Brushes, disinfection of, 169
  • Bubonic plague, 239
  • Buchner, 271
  • Budding of yeasts, 37
  • Bulgarian fermented milk, 98
  • Burning as disinfectant, 132
  • Burying as disinfectant, 154
  • Bütschli, 41, 43
  • Butter, 97
    • bacilli, staining of, 209
    • rancidity of, 101
  • Butyric acid fermentation, 32, 99
  • Buzzards, 241
  • C
  • Cabbage disease due to protozoa, 36
  • Cadaverin, 104
  • Caignard-Latour, 31, 34
  • Calcium hypochlorite as disinfectant, 158
    • oxide as disinfectant, 158
  • Candles, filter, 153, 154
  • Canned goods, food poisoning by, 104
    • spoilage of, 51
  • Canning, introduced, 21, 34
    • principles involved, 133
  • Capsule, 44, 45
    • of spore, 48
    • staining of, 210
  • Carbohydrates in bacterial cell, 84
  • Carbol-fuchsin, 206
  • Carbolic acid as antiseptic, 159
      • as disinfectant, 159
      • first used, 29
  • Carbol-xylol, 209
  • Carbon cycle, 107
    • dioxide, 108
    • function of, in bacteria, 88, 101
    • oxidation of, 114
    • in proteins, liberation of, 105
    • source of, 88
    • uses of, 88, 101
  • Carboni, 271
  • Cardano, 18
  • Carrier problem, solution of, 240
  • Carriers, 239
    • accidental, 241
    • carrion eating animals as, 241
    • control of, 240
    • intermediate hosts as, 242
    • protective measures against, 242
    • universal, 240
    • of unknown organisms, 239
  • Cars, stock, disinfection of, 170
  • Catalase, 125
  • Catalytic agents, function of, 123
  • Catalyzer, 123
  • Cattle, 227
  • Causation of disease, 24, 128
  • Cell, constituents of, 84
    • contents of, 41, 83
    • forms of, 58, 59
      • staining for, 212
      • typical, 52
    • groupings, 55, 58, 59
      • staining for, 195
    • metabolism, 90
    • structures of, 41
    • wall, 41, 59
      • composition of, 83
  • Cells, chemical stimuli of, 257
    • overproduction activity of, 258
    • specific chemical stimuli of, 258
  • Cellular theory of immunity, 256, 280
  • Cellulose, definition of, 83
    • occurrence of, 83
  • Chain, 56
  • Channels of infection, 243
      • alimentary tract, 246
      • conjunctive, 244
      • external auditory meatus, 244
        • genitalia, 245
      • intestines, 246
      • lungs, 245
      • milk glands, 244
      • mouth cavity, 244
      • mucosæ, 244
      • nasal cavity, 244
      • pharynx, 245
      • skin, 243
      • stomach, 246
      • tonsils, 245
  • Chaos, 25
  • Characteristic groupings, 58
  • Characteristics of enzymes, 121
    • of toxins, 126
  • Charrin, 265
  • Chart, descriptive, 217
  • Chauveau, 256
  • Cheese, eyes in, 96
    • failures, 110
    • Limburger, 101
    • odor of, 99
    • poisoning, 104
    • ripening of, 35
  • Chemical composition of bacteria, 39, 81, 85
  • Chemotherapy, 249, 255
  • Chevreuil, 21, 27, 31, 34
  • Chicken cholera, 30
  • Chief agglutinin, 267
  • Chitin, 72
  • Chlamydobacteriaceæ, 63
  • Chlamydothrix, 63
  • Chloride of lime as disinfectant, 158
  • Chlorine as disinfectant, 157
  • Chloroform as antiseptic, 162
    • as disinfectant, 162
  • Chlorophyl, 37, 112
  • Chlorosis, Egyptian, 27, 35
  • Cholera, Asiatic, carriers of, 239
      • organisms in, 27, 34
        • facultative saprophytes, 238
        • path of elimination of, 248
          • of entrance of, 246
        • relation to moisture, 73
        • specific location of, 249
    • hog, 242, 248, 252
  • Cholesterins as cell constituents, 84
  • Chromogenesis, 112
  • Chromoparic, 112
  • Chromophoric, 112
  • Chronic disease, 232
  • Chronological table, 33–36
  • Chymosin, 124
  • Circulation of carbon, 107
    • of nitrogen, 107
    • of phosphorus, 107
    • of sulphur, 108
  • Classification, advantage of, 59
  • Cleaning of slides, 207
  • Clearing of sections, 209
  • Closed space disinfection, 161
  • Clostridium, 49
  • Clothing, disinfection of, 170
  • Coagglutinins, 267
  • Coagulases, 124
  • Coagulating enzymes, 124
  • Coagulation temperature of proteins, 51
  • Coal, spontaneous heating of, 88
  • Coamboceptors, 274
  • Cobra, 275
  • Coccaceæ, 62, 66, 68
  • Coccus, appearance of, on dividing, 57
    • cell form of, 52
    • division of, 52
  • Coenzymes, 122
  • Cohn, 28, 33, 35, 59
  • Cold as antiseptic, 148
  • Colds, due to universal carriers, 240
    • path of entrance of, 244
    • vaccines in, 241
  • Colonies, characteristics of plate, 223–226
    • definition of, 173
  • Color production, 112
  • Colorimetric method of standardization, 175
  • Combustion, spontaneous, 116
  • Commensal, 87
  • Commercial preparation of lactic acid, 99
    • products, why keep, 131
    • vaccines, 285
  • Communicable disease, 232
  • Complement, 273
    • deviation test, 277
    • effect of temperature on, 274
    • fixation test, 276–279
    • lecithin as, 274
    • relation to toxins and enzymes, 273
    • source of, 277
  • Complementoid, 274
  • Complementophil haptophore, 273
  • Complements, nature of, 274
  • Composition, chemical, 81–85
      • related to fungi, 39
      • relation to food, 81
  • Concentration of antitoxin, 264
  • Condenser, 200
  • Conditions for growth, general, 72
      • maximum, 72
      • minimum, 72
      • optimum, 72
      • spore formation, 51
  • Congenital immunity, 251, 252
  • Conjunctiva as path of entrance, 244
  • Constant temperature apparatus, 213
  • Contact beds, 116
  • Contagion, direct and indirect, 34
  • Contagious abortion, agglutination test, 268
      • complement-fixation text, 277
      • path of elimination, 248
        • of entrance, 245
  • Contagium, definition of, 232
  • Contamination of food by carriers, 241
  • Continuous pasteurization, 141
  • Contrast stains, 205
  • Convalescents, control of, 239–240
  • Cornalia, 29
  • Corpuscles, Babes-Ernst, 45
    • red, in complement-fixation test, 278, 279
      • malaria, etc., in, 249
  • Corrosive sublimate as disinfectant, 158
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriæ, 64, 69, 128, 233, 234, 261, 263
  • Coryza, acute, 244
  • Cotton plugs, 21, 184
  • Coughing, 248
  • Crateriform liquefaction, 221
  • Cream ripening, 97
  • Creite, 271
  • Crenothrix, 61
  • Creolin as disinfectant, 160
  • Cresols as disinfectants, 159
  • Culture, definition of, 171
    • medium, definition of, 171
    • tubes, description of, 184
  • Cultures, anaërobic, 188–192
  • Curled edge, 225
  • Cutaneous inoculation, 228
  • Cycle, carbon, 107
  • Cystitis, 234
  • Cytolysin, 272
  • Cytolysins, 271–279
  • Cytolytic, 272
    • power of blood, 272
    • serums, failure of, 275
    • substances in immunity, 295
  • Cytophil group, 273
  • Cytoplasm, 41
  • Cytotoxic, 272
  • D
  • Dallera, 289
  • Dark field illumination, 204
  • Davaine, 28, 35
  • Death-point, thermal, 75
      • determination of, 215
  • Decomposition, how caused, 108
    • importance of, 108
    • of urea, 106
  • Deep culture tubes, 190–191
  • Degeneration forms, 54
  • Delousing method in typhus, 242
  • De Martin, 35
  • Denitrification, 114
  • Deodorant, 131
  • Descriptive chart, 217
  • Diagnosis, agglutination test in, 265–267
    • anaphylaxis in, 292
    • complement-fixation test in, 277
    • immunity reactions in, 255
    • material for bacteriological, 228–229
    • precipitin test in, 269
  • Diastase, 124
  • Diffusion of food through cell wall, 41
  • Digestion of proteins, 102
  • Dilution method of isolation, 194
  • Dimethylamine, structural formula, 103
  • Diphtheria antitoxin, 30, 263, 264
    • bacilli, granules in, 45
      • involution forms, 54
    • carriers, 239
    • location of, 245, 249
    • path of entrance, 245
    • toxin, M. L. D., 264
  • Diplobacillus, 55
  • Diplococcus, 56
  • Diplococcus, 66, 69
  • Diplospirillum, 55
  • Discharges, 228
  • Discontinuous sterilization, 133
  • Disease, acute, 233
  • Dishes, Petri, 181
  • Disinfectant, 131
    • action of anilin dyes, 162
    • closed space, 161
    • dry heat as, 133
    • moist heat as, 132, 133
    • standardization of, 165
    • steam as, 132, 133
  • Disinfectants, chemical, action of, 156–163
  • Disinfection, agents in, 131–163
  • Dissemination of organisms, 247
  • Distaso, 42, 43
  • Distilling sour mash, 98
  • Division, planes of, 55–58
  • Dobell, 43
  • Dorset, 84
  • Dosage of vaccines, 286
  • Dose, minimum lethal, 264
    • standard test, 264
  • Douglas, 42, 43, 280
  • Dourine, 245, 248
  • Drumstick spore, 49
  • Dry heat, 21, 133
  • Drying, 131, 132
  • Dubini, 27, 34
  • Ducrey’s bacillus, 245
  • Dunham’s peptone, 177
  • Durham, 265
  • Dyes, anilin, as antiseptics, 162
      • introduction of, 30
      • as stains, 204
  • Dysenteries, 242, 246, 248, 249
  • Dysentery, amebic, 29, 35
    • tropical, 29
  • E
  • Ectoplasm, 41
  • Edema, malignant, 237, 243
  • Edge of colony, 225
  • Effuse colony, 224
  • Egg sensitization, 292
  • Ehrenberg, 33, 34
  • Ehrlich, 256, 276
  • Ehrlich’s theory, 256–260
  • Eichstedt, 28, 34
  • Electric milk purifier, 152
  • Electricity, 79, 150
  • Elements in bacteria, 82, 86, 88, 89
  • Elimination of organisms, 248
  • Empusa muscæ, 28, 29, 35
  • Emulsin, 122
  • Endo-enzymes, 126
  • Endogenous infection, 235
  • Endoplasm, 41
  • Endotoxins, 128, 276
  • Energy relationships, 39
  • Ensilage, 98
  • Enteritis, 233
  • Entire edge, 225
  • Entrance of organisms, 243–246, 247
  • Environmental conditions, 72, 130, 213
  • Enzymes, 84, 121–126
    • in anaphylaxis, 291
    • in immunity, 295
  • Enzymoid, 262
  • Epidemics, 241
  • Epitheliolysin, 272
  • Eosin, 204
  • Equatorial spore, 49
      • germination of, 48, 49
  • Eradication of disease, 236, 242
  • Erysipelas, hog, 248
  • Erythrobacillus prodigiosus, 66, 68, 70, 77, 113
  • Essential structures, 41
  • Essentials of a culture medium, 172
  • Esters, 84, 110
  • Ether as disinfectant, 162
  • Eubacteria, 62
  • Exanthemata, 248
  • Exhaustion factor in immunity, 251
    • theory of immunity 256
  • Existence, conditions for, 72
  • Exo-enzymes, 126
  • Exogenous infection, 235
  • Exotoxins, 128
  • Experiment, Pasteur’s, 21
    • Schroeder and Dusch’s, 22
    • Schultze’s, 21
    • Schwann’s, 22
    • Tyndall’s, 24
  • Experimental animals, 227
  • External auditory meatus, 244
    • genitalia, 245
  • Extracellular enzymes, 126
  • Extract broth, 176
  • Eyes in cheese, 96, 97
  • F
  • Factors affecting disinfectants, 164, 165
    • in immunity to disease, 295
  • Facultative, 215
    • aërobes, 76
    • anaërobes, 76, 192
    • parasites, 87
    • saprophytes, 238
  • Failure of cytolytic serums, 275
    • of vaccines, 286
  • Fat colors, 112
    • splitting enzymes, 124
  • Father of bacteriology, 19
    • of microscope, 19
  • Fats as antigens, 260
    • occurrence of, 84
    • rancidity of, 101
    • in sewage disposal, 101
    • splitting of, 101
  • Favus, 27, 34, 243
  • Feces, bacteria in, 72
  • Feeding, as inoculating method, 228
  • Feinberg, 43
  • Ferment, organized, 126
    • unorganized, 126
  • Fermentation, 31, 93
  • Fermented milk, Bulgarian, 98
  • Fever, due to invisible organisms, 25
  • Fibrin ferment, 124
  • Filament, 56
  • Filiform growth, 221
  • Film, fixing of, 207
    • preparation of, 207
  • Filter, Berkefeld, 154
  • Filterable virus, 234
  • Filtration, 152–154
  • First order, receptors of, 261, 262
  • Fischer, 42, 45
  • Fixation test, complement, 276
  • Fixed virus, 253
  • Fixing of film, 207
  • Flagella, 45–47
    • staining of, 210
  • Flash process of pasteurization, 145
  • Fleas, 241
  • Flexner, 276
  • Flies, 28, 35, 241
  • Flügge, 271
  • Fodor, von, 271
  • Food adulteration, complement-fixation test in, 279
      • immunity reactions in, 255
      • precipitin test in, 269
  • Food contamination by carriers, 241
    • poisoning, 87, 104, 238
    • requirement compared with man, 92
    • uses of, 86
  • Foot-and-mouth disease, 244, 248
  • Forage poisoning, 87
  • Foreign body pneumonia, 245
  • Formaldehyde as disinfectant, 160
  • Formalin, 160
  • Formol, 160
  • Forms, cell, 52–54
  • Fox fire, 111
  • Foxes, 241
  • Fracastorius, 25, 33
  • Free acid, 175
    • receptors, 259
    • spores, 48
  • Fruiting organs, 37
  • Fuchs, 31, 34
  • Fuchsin, 205
  • Fungi, bacteria as, 37
  • Funnel-shaped liquefaction, 221
  • G
  • Gabbet’s blue, 206
    • method of staining, 209
  • Gall-bladder, 248
  • Galvanotaxis, 79
  • Gas formation in cheese, 96, 97
    • natural, 95
    • production of, 110
  • Gaseous fermentation, 93–95
  • Gaspard, 26, 34
  • Gelatin, advantage of, 178
    • composition of, 179
    • cultures, first used, 30, 36
    • liquefaction of, 103
    • medium, 177
    • plating of, 188
    • standardization of, 178
    • sterilization of, 178
  • Gemmation, 37
  • General conditions for growth, 72
    • infections, vaccines in, 286
  • Generation, spontaneous, 17–24
  • Generic names introduced, 33
  • Genitals, 245
  • Gentian violet, selective action of, 162
  • Germ, free air, 153
    • theory of disease, 25
  • German measles, 233
  • Germination of spore, 48
  • Germs, 33
  • Gescheidel, 271
  • Giemsa stain, 43
  • Glanders, 26, 233, 238, 244, 248, 249, 268, 277
  • Glands, mammary, 248
    • salivary, 248
  • Gleichen, 32
  • Globulin in bacteria, 84
  • Glycerine broth, 176
  • Glycerinized potato, 172
  • Glycogen as cell constituent, 84
  • Goats, 227
  • Gonidia, 63
  • Gonococcus, 245
  • Gonorrhea, 248, 249
  • Good health, 296
  • Grain rust, 26, 34
  • Gram positive organisms, 162, 208
    • negative organisms, 162, 208
  • Gram’s method of staining, 208
    • solution, 208
  • Granular edge, 225
  • Granules, metachromatic, 212
    • Neisser’s, 45
    • polar, 45
  • Granulose in bacteria, 84
  • Grape juice, pasteurization of, 141
  • Grass bacilli, 209
  • Green plants, N nutrition of, 118
  • Griesinger, 27, 28, 35
  • Group, agglutinating, 266
  • Groupings, cell, 55–58
  • Growth, appearance in media, 217
  • Gruber, 265, 268
  • Gruby, 28, 34
  • Gum-like substance in bacteria, 83
  • H
  • Haeckel, 280
  • Hanging drop slide, 203
  • Haptophore, complementophil, 273
  • Harness, disinfection of, 169
  • Hay fever, 263, 292
  • Health, 296
  • Heat as disinfectant, 132–144
    • due to oxidation, 112
    • production of, 116
  • Heated serum, 271, 277, 278, 279
  • Heating of manure, 116
  • Hellmich, 84
  • Helmont, Van, 18
  • Hemagglutinin, 265
  • Hemicellulose, 83
  • Hemolysin, 272
  • Hemolytic amboceptor, 278
  • Hemorrhagic septicemia, 246
  • Henle, 27, 34, 233
  • Hericourt, 289
  • Herpes tonsurans, 28, 34
  • Hesseling, von, 32
  • Heterologous sera, 276
  • Heterotrophic, 86
  • Hill, 33
  • Hilton, 27
  • Hoffman, 24
  • Hog cholera, 231, 242, 248, 252, 253
    • erysipelas, 248
  • Holders, 143
  • Holmes, 28, 34
  • Homologous sera, 276
  • Hookworm disease, 28, 34
  • Horses, 227, 263
  • Host, 87
  • Hot beds, 117
  • Hunger in immunity, 251
  • Hydrochloric acid, 246
  • Hydrogen, function of, 98
    • ion concentration standardization, 175, 176
    • oxidation of, 114
    • peroxide, 162
    • sulphide, 115
  • Hydrophobia, 249
  • Hydrostatic pressure, 79
  • Hygienic laboratory, 165
  • Hypochlorites, 157, 158
  • L
  • Lab, 124
  • Lachrymal canal, 244
  • Lactacidase, 125
  • Lactic acid bacteria, 97
  • Lancisi, 25, 33
  • Landois, 271
  • Latour, 31, 34
  • Laveran, 25, 30
  • Lecithin as antigen, 279
    • as cell constituent, 84
    • as complement, 274
  • Leeuwenhoek, 19, 32, 33
  • Legumes, 118
  • Leidy, 27, 33, 34, 35
  • Le Moignac, 284
  • Leprosy, 233, 244, 249
  • Lesser, 32
  • Lethal dose, 264
  • Leukocytes, washing of, 281
  • Lice as carriers, 241
  • Liebert, 28, 34
  • Light, action on bacteria, 75
    • as disinfectant, 148
    • production of, 111
  • Linnæus, 25
  • Lipase, 124
  • Lipochromes, 113
  • Lipoids as antigen, 274
  • Lipovaccines, 284
  • Liquefaction of gelatin, 221
    • of protein, 103
  • Liquid blood serum, 182
    • manure, disinfection of, 169
    • media, 172
  • Liquids, sterilization of, 153
  • Lister, 29, 30, 35
  • Litmus milk, 177
  • Living bacteria, examination of, 201
    • cause theory, 28, 33
  • Localized infections, vaccines in, 286
  • Location of organisms, specificity of, 249
  • Lockjaw, 231, 233
  • Loeffler’s blood serum, 182
  • Loop needles, 193
  • Lophotrichic, 46
  • Lösch, 29, 35
  • Lungs, 245, 249
  • Lye washes as disinfectants, 159
  • Lymph channels in dissemination, 247
  • Lysol as disinfectant, 160
  • M
  • McClintock, 165
  • McCoy, 160
  • Macrococcus, 52
  • Macroscopic agglutination, 265
  • Malaria, 25, 30, 32, 242
  • Malarial parasite, 30, 249
  • Malignant edema, 237, 243
  • Mallease reaction, 269
  • Mallein test, 292
  • Malta fever, 268
  • Mammary glands, 248
  • Mandler filter, 154
  • Manure, liquid, disinfection of, 169
      • heating of, 40
  • Margaropus annulatus, 242
  • Martin, 32
  • Mass cultures, 188
  • Massart, 42
  • Maximum conditions, 72, 73, 74, 76
  • Measles, 246, 248, 250
  • Measly pork, 28
  • Measurement of bacteria, 203
      • special unit of, 40
  • Meat broth, 173
    • identification of, 269
    • juice, 173
    • poisoning, 104
  • Mechanical vibration, 80
  • Medico-legal examination, 269, 279, 293
  • Medium. See Culture medium
  • Meningitis, 239, 244
  • Meningococcus, 244
  • Mercuric chloride, 158
  • Merismopedia, 57
  • Metabiosis, 103
  • Metabolism, 86–91
  • Metachromatic granules, 44, 45, 59, 212
  • Metastases, 235
  • Metatrophic, 86
  • Metchnikoff, 256, 280
  • Methods of inoculation of animals, 227
  • Methylamine, 103
  • Methylene blue, 205, 206
  • Mice, white, 227
  • Microbiology, 231
  • Micrococcus, 52, 60, 62, 66, 68, 69, 245
  • Micrometer, 203
  • Micromillimeter, 40
  • Micron, 40
  • Microörganisms, 32
  • Microscope, improvements in, 30, 36
    • invention, 19
    • Leeuwenhoek’s, 19
    • use of, 200
  • Microspira, 61, 63
  • Microsporon furfur, 28, 34
  • Middle ear, 241
  • Migula’s classification, 62
  • Milk, blue, 31, 34
    • Bulgarian, 98
    • digestion of, 102
    • flavors in, 110
    • glands, 244
    • identification of, 269
    • litmus, 177
    • pasteurization of, 141, 144–147
    • as path of elimination, 248
    • preparation of, 177
    • purifier, electric, 152
    • souring of, 32
    • sterilization of, 177
    • tuberculous, 248
  • Minimum conditions, 72, 73, 74, 77
    • lethal dose, 264
  • Mirror, use of, 200
  • Mixed infection, 234
  • Mixotrophic, 86
  • M. L. D., 264
  • Mohler, 167
  • Moist heat, 133
  • Moisture, 73
  • Mold colonies, 226
  • Molds in alcoholic fermentation, 100
    • in relation to bacteria, 37, 39
  • Molecular respiration, 88, 89
  • Monas, 33
  • Monkeys, 227
  • Monotrichic, 45
  • Montague, 24
  • Mordants, 204, 211
  • Morphology, 41–58
  • Mosquitoes and malaria, 25, 242
  • Motile bacteria, 45
  • Motion of bacteria, 47
  • Mounting in balsam, 207
  • Mouth cavity, 244
  • Mu, 40
  • Mucosæ as channels of infection, 244
  • Müller, 33, 34, 59
  • Mumps, 239
  • Municipal disinfection, 170
  • Müntz, 32, 35
  • Muscardine, 34
  • Mycelia, 39, 226
  • Mycobacteriaceæ, 64
  • Mycobacterium, 64, 69
  • Mycoproteid, 83
  • Mycorrhiza, 119
  • Myxomycetes, 38
  • N
  • Nägeli, 29, 35
  • Nasal cavity, 244
    • discharges, 248
  • Natural gas, 95
  • Needham, 20, 33
  • Needles, inoculation, 192
  • Negative complement-fixation test, 278
  • Neisser’s granules, 45
  • Nencki, 83
  • Nephrolysin, 272
  • Neufeld, 281
  • Neurin, 104
  • Neurotoxin, 272
  • Neuvel, 43
  • Nichrome wire, 193
  • Nitrate broth, 177
  • Nitrates in soil, 115
  • Nitric bacteria, 114
  • Nitrification, 32, 35
  • Nitrite, oxidation of, 114
  • Nitrogen, absorption of, 117
    • in bacterial cell, 89
    • circulation, 109
    • cycle, 107
    • fertilizers, 120
    • liberation, 104
    • nutrition of green plants, 118
    • use of, 103
  • Nitrous bacteria, 114
  • Non-pathogenic, 87
  • Non-specific disease, 233
  • Normal agglutinins, 266
  • Nosema bombycis, 29, 35
  • Novy, 183
  • Noxious retention theory, 255
  • Nuclein, 42, 43
  • Nucleoprotein, 43
  • Nucleus, 42, 43
  • Nutrition of green plants, 118
  • Nuttal, 271
  • O
  • Obermeier, 29, 35
  • Objective, oil immersion, 200, 201
  • Oblique germination of spore, 48
  • Occurrence of bacteria, 71
  • Official classification, 59
  • Oidium albicans, 27, 34
  • Oil bath, 167
    • essential for clearing, 209
    • immersion objective, 200, 201
    • relation of bacteria to, 116
  • Omodei, 27
  • Opsonic index, 281, 282, 287
  • Opsonin, 281
  • Opsonins, 281, 282, 295
  • Optimum conditions, 72, 73, 74
  • Order, receptors of first, 261–264
  • Organic acids, 84, 110
    • catalyzers, 123
  • Organisms, dissemination of, in body, 247
    • filterable, 234
    • pathogenic, elimination of, 248
    • specific relation to tissue, 249
    • ultramicroscopic, 234
  • Organized ferments, 126
  • Osmotic pressure, 78, 149, 216
  • Otitis media, 244
  • Otto, 289
  • Overproduction theory, 257, 258
  • Owen, 27, 34
  • Oxidation, 114, 115
  • Oxidizing enzymes, 125
  • Oxygen, compressed, 77
    • as disinfectant, 156
    • function of, 88
    • nascent, 77
    • relationships, 215, 220
    • requirement, 88
    • source, 76, 77
  • Oyster sensitization, 292
  • Oznam, 26
  • Ozone, 77, 150, 157
  • P
  • Pancreas, 248
  • Papillate, 221
  • Paget, 27, 34
  • Paraffin oil, 190
  • Parasite, 87
    • facultative, 87
    • strict, 87
  • Parodko, 77
  • Partial agglutinin, 267
    • amboceptor, 274
  • Passive immunity, 251, 252
  • Pasteur, 17, 21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 253, 256, 283
  • Pasteur-Chamberland filter, 154
  • Pasteurization, 139–147
    • continuous, 141
    • flash process, 145
  • Pathogenic, 87
    • bacteria, definition of, 231
      • outside the body, 237
    • bacteriology, scope of, 235
    • organisms, destroyed by boiling, 133
  • Paths of elimination, 248
  • Peacock, 26
  • Pebrine, 29, 35
  • Pedesis, 47
  • Peptone solution, Dunham’s, 177
  • Period of incubation, 26, 232
  • Peritonitis, 234
  • Peritrichic, 46
  • Peronospora infestans, 28, 34
  • Perty, 33, 35
  • Pet animals, 241
  • Petri dishes, 181, 188
  • Petroleum, 95
  • Pfeiffer, 271
  • Pfeiffer’s phenomenon, 271
  • Pfeifferella mallei, 65, 69, 265
  • Phagocytes, 247
  • Phagocytic index, 281
  • Phagocytosis, 243, 280–288, 295
  • Pharynx, 245
  • Phase, negative, 287
    • positive, 287
  • Phenol coefficient, 165, 166
    • as disinfectant, 159
    • production of, 104, 111
  • Phenolphthalein, 174
  • Phenomenon, anaphylactic, 292
    • Arthus’, 289
    • Pfeiffer’s, 271
  • Phosphate reduction, 114
  • Phosphorescence, 111
  • Phosphorus cycle, 108
    • in proteins, 105
    • uses of, 89
  • Photogenesis, 111
  • Physical agents for disinfection, 131–155
  • Physiological activities, 93–129
    • definition of, 87
    • in identification, 216
  • Physiology of bacteria, 71–171
  • Phytotoxins, 127, 128
  • Pickling, 98
  • Pigeons, 227
  • Pigments, 84, 112, 113
  • Pimples, 234, 240, 243
  • Pinoy, 284
  • Pipettes for inoculation, 193
  • Piroplasma bigeminum, 233, 242, 249
  • Piroplasmoses, 242, 249
  • Pirquet, von, 289
  • Pityriasis versicolor, 28, 34
  • Plague, 246
  • Planes of division, 56, 57
  • Planococcus, 62
  • Planosarcina, 62
  • Plants and animals, 39
  • Plasmodiophora brassicæ, 30, 36
  • Plasmolysis, 41, 42, 78
  • Plasmoptysis, 42, 78
  • Plate colonies, study of, 224–226
  • Plates, dilution, 194, 195
    • gelatin first used, 30, 36
  • Platinum needles, 193
  • Plectridium, 49
  • Plenciz, 26, 31
  • Plugs, cotton, 21, 184
  • Pneumococcus, 240, 245
  • Pneumonia, 240, 245, 246, 248
    • vaccination against, 241
  • Poisoning, cheese, 104
  • Polar germination, 48, 49
    • granules, 45
  • Poliomyelitis, 244
  • Pollender, 28, 35
  • Polysaccharides, fermentation of, 95
  • Polyvalent vaccine, 285
  • Pork, measly, 28
  • Position of bacteria, 37
    • of flagella, 45, 46
    • of spore, 49
  • Positive phase, 287
  • Postulates, Koch’s, 233
  • Potato, acidity of, 182
  • Power, opsonic, 287
  • Practical sterilization and disinfection, 166–170
  • Pragmidiothrix, 63
  • Precipitinogen, 269
  • Precipitinoid, 270
  • Precipitins, 268–270
  • Preparation of antitoxin, 263
    • of bacterial vaccines, 283, 284
    • of film, 207
  • Preservation of slides, 207, 208
  • Preservative, alcohol as, 160
    • in vaccine, 284
  • Pressure, hydrostatic, 79
  • Prevention of disease, 235, 236, 253, 255, 283
  • Preventive vaccination, colds, 241
  • Prevost, 26
  • Primary infection, 234
  • Process kettle, 137
  • Pro-enzyme, 121
  • Prophylaxis, 289
  • Protamine in bacteria, 84
  • Protease, 124
  • Protective inoculation, first, 30
  • Protein in bacteria, 84
    • coagulation temperature, 51
    • composition of, 102
    • decomposition of, 105
    • differentiation of, 255
    • foreign, 289
    • identification of, 293
    • immunity, 290
    • putrefaction of, 102–109
    • split products of, 291
    • splitting of, 106
    • structure of, 291
    • synthesis of, 113
  • Proteus vulgaris, 67, 70, 77
  • Protoautotrophic, 115
  • Protoplasm, 41, 59
  • Prototrophic, 86
  • Protozoa, cause of disease, 30
    • cell wall in, 41
    • in intermediate hosts, 242
    • relation to bacteria, 40
    • specificity of localization, 249
  • Protozoal diseases, transmission of, 242
  • Pseudomonadaceæ, 65, 70
  • Pseudomonas pyocyanea, 62, 65, 70, 128, 265
  • Ptomaines, 103, 104
  • Puccinia graminis, 26, 34
  • Puerperal fever, 28, 34
  • Punctiform colonies, 223
  • Puncture cultures, 185
  • Pure culture, 171, 194–199
  • Purification of streams, 73
    • of water, 150
  • Purin bases in bacteria, 84
  • Pus cocci, 73
    • infectious, 26
    • organisms in, 35
  • Putrefaction, 27, 31, 33
  • Putrescin, 104
  • Q
  • Quarantine, 239
    • disinfection, 170
  • Quicklime as a disinfectant, 155, 158
  • Quinsy, 245
  • R
  • Rabbits, 227
  • Rabies, bacteriological examination in, 229
    • Pasteur treatment of, 253
    • path of elimination in, 248
    • transmission of, 239
    • specificity of localization in, 249
  • Räbiger’s method of staining, 210
  • Radiations, 79
  • Radium, 79
  • Rancidity of butter, 101
  • Rashes, serum, 289
    • urticarial, 292
  • Rate of division, 43, 91
    • of movement, 45
  • Rats, 227, 241
  • Rayer, 28, 35
  • Reaction of medium, 81, 174, 175, 216
  • Reactions, biochemical, 87
  • Reaumur, 33
  • Receptors, 257, 258, 259, 261–280
    • as factors in immunity, 295
    • of first order, 262
    • free, 259, 261, 262
    • of second order, 265
    • tabulation of, 294
    • of third order, 273
  • Recurrent fever, 29, 35
  • Red corpuscles, 249, 278, 279
  • Redi, 19
  • Reducing actions, 112, 113
  • Refrigeration as antiseptic, 148
  • Reinke, 80
  • Relapses, 235
  • Relationships of bacteria, 37–40
  • Rennet, 124
  • Renucci, 27, 34
  • Reproduction, 37, 63, 90
  • Resistance to disease, 241, 250
    • of spores, 50
  • Respiratory function, 88
  • Retarders, 143
  • Rheumatism, 245
  • Rhizobium leguminosarum, 65, 68, 69, 118
  • Rhizoid colonies, 222, 223
  • Rhizopus nigricans, 226
  • Rhodobacteriaceæ, 63
  • Rhodococcus, 66, 69
  • Richet, 289
  • Ricin, 262
  • Rideal, 165
  • Rideal-Walker method, 165
  • Rimpau, 281
  • Rindfleisch, 29, 35
  • Ringworm, 28
  • Ripening of cheese, 32
    • of cream, 97
  • Robin, 262
  • Rock, phosphate, 115
  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 242
  • Rogers, 265
  • Röntgen rays, 79
  • Room temperature, 213
  • Rooms, disinfection of, 167
    • incubator, 213
  • Root tubercle bacteria, 86, 87, 108
    • tubercles, 117
  • Rosenau, 289
  • Rot, potato, 28, 34
  • Round worm, 232
  • Roup, 244
  • Roux, 30
  • Rubbing as inoculation, 195
  • Rust, grain, 26, 34
  • Ruzicka, 42
  • S
  • Saccate liquefaction, 222
  • Safranin, 205
  • Saliva, 248
  • Salivary glands, 248
  • Sake, 100
  • Salt-rising bread, 95
  • Saprogenic, 102
  • Saprophilic, 103
  • Saprophyte, 87, 238
  • Sarcina, 57, 58, 60, 66, 68, 69
    • lutea, 77
    • ventriculi, 83
  • Sarcoptes scabiei, 27, 34
  • Sauerkraut, 98
  • Scarlet fever, 246, 248, 250
  • Scavengers, bacteria as, 108
  • Schick, 289
  • Schistosomum hematobium, 28, 35
  • Schlösing, 32, 35
  • Schönlein, 27, 34
  • Schroeder and Dusch, 21
  • Schultze, 21, 34
  • Schwann, 21, 31, 34
  • Sea, bacteria in, 71, 111
  • Sealing air-tight, 20
  • Secondary infection, 234
  • Sections, staining of, 209
  • Selective media, 198, 199
  • Self-limited, 233
  • Semmelweiss, 28, 35
  • Sensitization, 290
  • Sensitized animal, 290
  • Septicemias, hemorrhagic, 246
  • Sero-bacterins, 254
  • Serum, antidiphtheritic, 263
  • Serums, cytolytic, failure of, 275
  • Sewage disposal, 101, 116
    • sulphate, reduction in, 114
  • Shape of spore, 48
  • Sickness, serum, 289, 292
  • Side-chain theory, 256, 258
  • Silkworm disease, 27, 29, 34, 35
  • Size of bacteria, 37, 40
  • Skatol, 104
  • Skin, channel of infection, 243
  • Slant cultures, 186
  • Slide, cleaning of, 207
    • hanging drop, 203
    • staining on, 207
  • Slope cultures, 186
  • Sludge tanks, 116
  • Small intestine, 249
  • Smallpox, 24, 26, 34, 239, 246, 248
  • Smith, 289
  • Snake poisons, 263, 275
  • Sneezing, 248
  • Soap, 160
    • medicated, 160
  • Society of American Bacteriologists, classification, 63
    • descriptive chart, 217
    • key, 68
  • Sodium hypochlorite, 158
  • Soil, acid, 81
    • bacteria, 119
    • bacteriology, 35
    • enrichment, 117
    • fertility, 120
    • organisms, 74
  • Solid media, 172, 173
  • Solution, Gram’s, 208
  • Sore throat, 240, 241
  • Sound, 80
  • Sour mash, 98
  • Source of complement, 277
  • Souring, 98
  • Spallanzani, 20, 31, 34
  • Species determination, 59, 60
  • Specific amboceptor, 274, 278, 279
  • Specificity of agglutinins, 267
    • of amboceptor, 274
    • of location, 249
    • of opsonins, 281
  • Spermotoxin, 272
  • Spherical form, 52
  • Spherotilus, 63
  • Spirillaceæ, 63, 65
  • Spirilloses, 241, 242
  • Spirillum, 53, 54, 55, 61, 63, 66, 68, 69
  • Spirochæta, 61
    • obermeieri, 29, 35
  • Spirochetes, 53, 242
  • Spirosoma, 63
  • Splenic fever, 28
  • Split products of proteins, 291
  • Splitting enzymes, 124
  • Spoilage of canned goods, 51, 78
  • Spoiling of food, 91
  • Spontaneous combustion, 105, 116
  • Sporangia, 226
  • Spore, 47–51
    • anthrax, 29, 35
    • capsule, 48
    • germination, 48
  • Spores, cause spoiling of canned goods, 51
    • destroyed by boiling, 133
    • first recognized, 33, 35
    • light on, 75
    • in pasteurization, 146
    • resistance of, 50, 51
    • staining of, 209
    • two in bacterium, 50
  • Sprinkling filters, 116
  • Stab cultures, 185
  • Stables, disinfection of, 167
  • Stain, anilin fuchsin, 205
      • gentian violet, 205
    • aqueous gentian violet, 205
    • Bismarck brown, 212
    • carbol fuchsin, 206
    • contrast, 205
    • Gabbet’s blue, 206
    • Loeffler’s blue, 206
    • Neisser’s, 212
  • Staining, 204–212
    • acid-fast bacteria, 209
    • bottles, 206
    • capsules, 210
    • cell forms, 212
      • groupings, 212
    • flagella, 210
    • Gabbet’s method, 209
    • Gram’s method, 208
    • metachromatic granules, 212
    • Neisser’s method, 212
    • Räbiger’s method, 210
    • reasons for, 204
    • sections, 209
    • spores, 209
    • Welch’s method, 210
    • Ziehl-Neelson, 210
  • Standard antitoxin, 264
  • Standardization, colorimetric method, 175
    • of culture media, 174
    • of disinfectants, 165
    • H-ion method, 175
    • of vaccines, 284
  • Staphylococcus, 57, 58
  • Staphylococcus, 66, 68, 69
  • Starin, 196
  • Steam at air pressure, 134
    • sterilizers, 135
    • streaming, 135
    • under pressure, 136
  • Stegomyia, 242
  • Sterile, 131
  • Sterilization, 130
    • in canning, 133
    • discontinuous, 133
    • by filtration, 21, 152
    • first experiment by boiling (moist heat), 20
      • by chemicals, 21
      • by dry heat (hot air), 21
      • by filtration, 21
  • Sterilizers, pressure, 137
  • Stimuli, chemical, 257, 258, 259
  • Stock cars, 170
    • solutions, 205
    • vaccines, 285
  • Stomach, 246
  • Straight needles, 192
  • Stratiform liquefaction, 222
  • Strawberry poisoning, 292
  • Streak methods of isolation, 196
  • Streptobacillus, 53, 56
  • Streptococcus, 56, 60, 245
  • Streptococcus, 60, 62, 66, 68, 69
  • Streptospirillum, 55
  • Streptothrix, 38
  • Streptothrix bovis, 30, 36
  • Strict aërobe, 76
    • anaërobe, 76
    • parasite, 87
  • Structures, accidental, 43
    • cell, 41
    • essential, 41
  • Subcutaneous inoculation, 227
  • Subdural inoculation, 228
  • Substrate, 123
  • Successive existence, 103
  • Sugar broth, 176, 177
  • Sulphate reduction, 114
  • Sulphur bacteria, 63, 86, 115
    • deposits, 116
    • function of, 89
    • in proteins, 105
  • Summary in immunity, 295
    • Ehrlich’s theory, 259
  • Sunning, 148
  • Surface reactions, 91, 92
  • Surgical instruments, 167
  • Susceptibility, 235
  • Swine, 227
  • Symbionts, 87, 103
  • Symbiosis, 87
  • Synthetic media, 172, 183
  • Syphilitic antigen, 277, 279
  • Syphilis, 233, 245, 248, 249
  • T
  • Tabulation of antigens and antibodies, 294
  • Tænia solium, 28, 35
  • Tapeworm, 28, 35, 232
  • Taxes, 203
  • Temperature conditions, 74
    • effect on growth, 213
    • factor in immunity, 251
    • room, 213
  • Test, complement deviation, 277
  • Testicle, 249
  • Tetanus, 231, 238, 243, 249, 251, 252
  • Tetracoccus, 57
  • Tetrad, 57
  • Texas fever, 232, 233, 242
  • Thaer, 31
  • Theories of immunity, 256
  • Theory, anaphylaxis (author’s), 290–292
    • cellular, 256
    • chemical, 256
    • contagious disease, 34
    • contagium vivum, 25, 28, 33
    • Ehrlich’s, 256–260
    • exhaustion, 256
    • germ, 25
    • living cause, 33
    • mosquito, 25
    • noxious retention, 256
    • overproduction, 257, 258
    • phagocytosis, 256
    • side-chain, 256
    • spontaneous generation, 17
    • unfavorable environment, 256
  • Thermal death point, 75, 215
  • Thermophil bacteria, 75, 77
  • Thermoregulator, 213
  • Thermostat, 213
  • Thiobacteria, 63
  • Thiothrix, 63
  • Thread, 56
  • Thrombin, 124
  • Thrush, 27, 34, 244
  • Ticks, 241
  • Tiedemann, 26
  • Tinea, 28
  • Tissue contrast stains, 205
  • Titer, 268
  • Titration, 174
  • Tonsil, 245, 249
  • Tonsillitis, 245
  • Touissant, 283
  • Toxin, diphtheria, 264
    • effect of temperature, 262
    • final test for, 127
    • in food poisoning, 104
    • molecule, 261, 262
    • standard, 264
    • tetanus, 264
  • Toxin-antitoxin method, 254
  • Toxins and enzymes compared, 127
    • as cell constituents, 84
    • production of, 126–128
    • of other organisms, 127
    • specific localization, 249
    • true, 128
  • Toxoid, 262
  • Toxophore group, 261, 262, 273
  • Tract, alimentary, 246
  • Transmission, accidental carriers in, 241
  • Transverse division, 54, 56
  • Traube, 271
  • Treponema pallidum, 245
  • Trichina, 27
  • Trichina spiralis, 27, 34, 35
  • Trichinosis, 28, 35
  • Trichophyton, 243
  • Trichophyton tonsurans, 28, 34
  • Trimethylamine, 104
  • Tropical dysentery, 29
  • Tropisms, 203
  • True toxins, 128
  • Trypanosomes, 242
  • Trypanosomiases, 241, 243
  • Tubercle bacteria, 85, 209
  • Tuberculin reaction, 292, 293
  • Tuberculosis, 73, 233, 238, 245, 246, 248, 249
    • due to bacteria, 30
    • produced experimentally, 28, 34
    • proved infectious, 29, 35
  • Tuberculous milk, 248
  • Tubes, culture, 184
  • Two spores in a bacterium, 50
  • Tyndall, 24
  • Tyndallization, 133
  • Tyndall’s box, 23, 24, 35
  • Typhoid bacilli, 73, 238
  • Typhus, 242
  • Typical cell forms, 52
  • U
  • Ultramicroscope, 204
  • Ultramicroscopic organisms, 234
  • Ultraviolet rays, 150
  • Unfavorable environment theory, 256
  • Unit of antitoxin, 264
    • of measurement, 40
  • Universal carrier, 240
  • Unorganized ferment, 126
  • Unwashable articles, 169
  • Urea, 106
  • Urease, 125
  • Urethral discharges, 248
  • Urine, 72
  • Urticarial rashes, 292
  • V
  • Vaccination in chicken cholera, 30
    • negative phase in, 287
    • in pneumonia, 241
    • in smallpox, 26, 34, 253
  • Vaccine, 253
    • age of, 285
    • anthrax, 254
    • antigens for, 285
    • autogenous, 285
    • black-leg, 254
    • derivation of, 253
    • mixed, 285
    • polyvalent, 285
    • preservative in, 284
    • sensitized, 254
    • smallpox, 253
  • Vaccines, bacterial, 283
  • Vacuoles, 42, 43, 44, 59
  • Vaginal discharges, 248
  • Varo, 25
  • Vaughan, 291
  • Vaughan and Novy’s mass cultures, 188
  • Vegetable toxins, 127, 128
  • Vegetables, forcing of, 117
  • Vehicles, disinfection of, 169
  • Venoms, antisnake, 275
  • Viborg, 26, 34
  • Vibration, mechanical, 80
  • Vibrio, 33, 35, 53, 65, 68, 69
  • Vignal tubes, 189
  • Villemin, 29, 35
  • Villous growth, 219, 221
  • Vinegar, 99, 114
  • Virulence, 235
  • Virus, 234
  • Vultures, 241
  • X
  • X-rays, 79
  • Xylinum, acetobacter, 83
  • Y
  • Yeast, fermentation, 31, 34, 99, 100, 114
    • relation to bacteria, 37
    • reproduction of, 37, 39
  • Yellow fever, 242
  • Z
  • Zanz, 18
  • Zenker, 27, 28, 35
  • Zettnow, 43
  • Ziemann, 43
  • Ziehl-Neelson method of staining, 210
  • Ziehl’s solution, 206
  • Zoögloea, 44
  • Zoötoxins, 128
  • Zymase, 125
  • Zymogens, 121, 125
  • Zymophore group, 273