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The government class book / Designed for the instruction of youth in the principles of constitutional government and the rights and duties of citizens. cover

The government class book / Designed for the instruction of youth in the principles of constitutional government and the rights and duties of citizens.

Chapter 254: Index
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About This Book

The text is an elementary civics manual aimed at school-age readers that explains the organization and powers of constitutional government, the rights and duties of citizens, and the structure of federal, state, and local institutions. It defines common political and legal terms, addresses municipal incorporation and administration, and uses clear explanations and review questions to make complex processes accessible. Emphasis is placed on preparing youth for responsible participation in self-government, promoting informed voting, civic responsibility, and a practical understanding of laws and public duties.

Index

Academies and colleges, 82
Accessories to crime, 220
Actions at law, defined, 64
                how commenced, 64
Adjutant-general, 92
Administrators, duties of, 179
Admission of states, 158
Agent, responsibilities of, 202-204
Alabama, constitution of, 259
Aldermen, duties of, 60
Aliens, power to pass laws for the naturalization of, 121, 122
        disabilities of, 121
Alliance, defined, 135
Alliances, when binding, 230, 231
           by states, prohibited, 135
Amendments of the constitution, provision for, 160
Appeals of suits, 68, 69
Appellant, appellee, defined, 69
Apellate jurisdiction, defined, 70
Appointment, power of, (see Governor and President.)
Apprentices and servants, 175, 176
Aquatic rights, 183, 185
Aristocracy, defined, 25
Arkansas, constitution of, 264
Army, standing, 149
Arrest and examination of offenders, 69
Arsenals, use of, 92
Arson, defined, 217
Assault and battery, 220
Assessment and collection of taxes, 76-78
Assessors, duties of, 77
Assignments, 197-199
Assumption of public debt, 160
Attachment, suit by, 68
Attainder of treason, 155
Attorney, defined, 65
Attorney, county or state's, 51, 56
Attorney-general, state, 51
                  of United States, 151
Auditor of state, 51
           county, 65
Auxiliary executive departments, 147-151


Bail, defined, how taken, 69, 70
      excessive, forbidden, 165
Bailment, 200-202
Ballot, defined, 33
Bankruptcy, power to pass laws of, 124
Banks, and their operation, 86-88
Belligerent, defined 228
Betting and gaming, 221
Bigamy, defined, 219
Bill, defined, 45
Bills, passage of, 45-43
Bills of attainder, by congress, prohibited, 133
                    by states, prohibited, 137
                    of credit, defined, 136
                    passage of, prohibited, 136
                    of exchange, 213-215
Blockade, defined, 236
Body politic, defined, 19, 54
Bribery, defined, 219
Broker and brokerage, 204, 205
Bullion, defined, 125
Burglary, defined, 218


Cabinet, defined, 147
         officers of, and their powers and duties, 147
California, constitution of 277
Canals, construction of, 82-84
        tolls on, 84
Canvassing of votes, 34
Capital, defined, 41, 216
Capitation or poll-tax, 76, 77, 133
Carriers of goods, liability of, 201, 202
Causes, criminal and civil, defined, 64
Casting vote, when given, 46
Challenging voters, 33
Charges d'affaires, 145
Charter, defined, 59
Chattel mortgages, 199
Cities, villages, &c., 59-62
Citizens, privileges of, in the several states, 157
Civil government, defined, 17
                  mankind fitted for, 17
Civil society, 17
Clearance of vessels, 120
Codicil, defined, 179
Coining money, power of, 124
               by states, prohibited, 136
Collection of taxes, 76-78
Colony, defined, 95
Colonies, government of, 95
Commerce, foreign, regulation of, 114-119
Commerce, domestic, power of congress to regulate, 121, 122
          with Indians, 122
Commissary-general, 92
Commissioners, county, duties of, 54
Committees, legislative, 44, 45
Common carriers, responsibilities of, 201, 202
Common council, 60
Common law, defined, 167
Commons, house of, 29
Common schools, school funds, &c., 79-82
Commonwealth, defined, 26
Confederacy, defined, 101
Confederation, when formed, 97
               nature of, 98, 99, 101, 102
Confiscate, defined, 230
Congress, under confederation, how constituted, 97, 102
Congress under constitution, how constituted, 104-109
Congress, powers of, (see Powers of Congress,)
Counterfeiting, defined, 218
                United States coin, power to punish, 125
Connecticut, constitution of, 244
Constables, duties of, 58
Constitution, defined, 27
              objects of, 27
              how formed, 27, 28
              of United States, 281
              history of, 100
              nature of, 101-104
              how amended, 160
              supremacy of, 161
              ratification of, by the states, 162
              amendments to, 163-166
Consuls, appointment of, 144
         duties of, 145, 227, 228
Contraband goods, 235, 236
Contracts in general, 189-193
Contracts of sale, 193-197
Contracts, obligation of, not to be impaired, 137
Controller, or auditor, 51
Convention, defined, 28
Conventional law of nations, 224
Copy-rights and patents, power of congress concerning, 126, 127
Coroners, duties of, 55
Corporation, defined, 54
Corporations, how formed, 59
              nature and powers of, 59-62
Corruption of blood, 155
Council, legislative, 38
Counties, origin of, 53, 54
          powers of, 54
County officers duties of, 54-66
County commissioners, 54
Courts, justices, 63-70
        county, 70
        common pleas, 70
        circuit, 70, 71
        oyer and terminer, 71
        supreme, 73
        of appeals, 73
        of chancery or equity, 73, 74
        of probate, 74
        of impeachment, 75, 76
        of United States, 151, 154
        martial, 92
Crime, infamous, defined, 31
Crimes and misdemeanors, 216-221
Criminal suits, defined, 64
Customs, duties, &c., defined, 113
         collection of, 119


Debt, national, at different periods, 114
Declaration of war, 231
Deeds and mortgages, 181-183
Delaware, constitution of, 250
Delegate, defined, 27
Democracy, defined, 25, 26
Deposit fund, U.S., 80
Deposits in banks, 87
Depositary, responsibility of, 200
Descent of property, of intestates, 179, 180
Despotism, defined, 25
Devise of property, 177
Diplomacy, defined, 148
District of Columbia, power of congress over, 130
Dividends, defined, 86
Domestic relations, laws regulating, 171-177
Dower, defined, and right of, 183
Drunkards, contracts made by, when binding, 191
Dueling, defined, 219
Duties, imposts and excises, defined, 113
        power of congress to lay, 113
        of tunnage, states may not lay, 120
        protective, by what authority laid, 116, 117


Easement, defined, (see Right of Way,) 183
Education, provision for, &c., 79
Elections, time of, how conducted, &c., 32-35
           by plurality, 34-35
           by majority, 34-35
Electors, qualifications of, 29-31
          (See also Synopsis of the State Constitutions.)
Electors of president and vice-president, how chosen, 140
Embassadors, ministers, &c, 144, 145
             their appointment and duties, 144, 145
Embassadors, rights and powers of, 226, 227
Embezzlement, defined, 218
Envoys, (see Embassadors.)
Escapes, persons aiding or permitting, punishable, 220
Excise, defined, and power to lay, 112, 113
Execution, issuing and collection of, in justices' courts, 67, 68
           exemption from, 68
Executive department, state, 36, 48-50
          of the United States, 138-142
          officers of, their appointment and duties, 147-150
Executors, powers and duties of, 179
Ex post facto laws, passage of, prohibited, 133,137


Factor or agent, powers and responsibilities of, 202, 203
False imprisonment, defined, 220
Federal, defined, 101
Fence-viewers, duties of, 58
Fee and fee-simple, defined, 182, 186
Felony, power of congress to define and punish, 128
Florida, constitution of, 258
Forgery, defined, 218
Franchise, defined, 31
Franking privilege, to whom granted, 151
Fraudulent sales, assignments, &c., 197, 200
Freedom of speech and of the press, guarantied, 163
Freehold, freeholder, defined, 31
Fugitives from justice, provision for the apprehension of, 157
          from service, apprehension and return of, 157, 158
Fund, defined, 79
Funds, various kinds of, 79-81


Georgia, constitution of, 257
Government, civil, defined, 17
            different forms of, 23-26
            division of powers of, 35-37
Governor and lieutenant-governor, election and duties of, 48-50
Graves, opening of, punishable, 219
Great Britain, government of, 28, 29
Habeas corpus, privilege of writ of, guarantied, 132
Hereditaments, corporeal and incorporeal, defined, 183
Highways, supervision and oversight of, 68
Homicide, various kinds of, defined, 217
Husband and wife, laws regulating the relation of, 171-174


Idiots and lunatics, contracts by, when binding, 190
Illinois, constitution of, 272
Impeachment, trial of, 75
Imposts, duties, and excises, defined, 113
Incest, defined, 219
Incorporated companies, 61
Independence of the states declared, 97
Indiana, constitution of, 270
Indians, power to regulate commerce with, 122
Indictments, how made, 77
Innkeepers, liability of, 201
Insurance companies, 89, 90
Insurrection and rebellion, defined, 90
Interest, and rates of, in the different states, 215
Intestates, descent of property of, 179, 180
Iowa, constitution of, 276
Issue, joining of, in justices' courts, 65
Issues of fact and of law, defined, 71


Joining issue in justices' courts, 65
Judges, appointment of, in the states, 70
        how removable, 76
        (See also Synopsis of the State Constitutions.)
        of the United States courts, appointment of, 144, 146
Judgment, rendering of, 65
          concession and collection of, in justices' courts, 67, 68
Judicial department, state, 63-76
                     of the United States, 151-154
Jurisdiction, defined, 64
              original and appellate, defined, 70
Juries in justices' courts, 66, 67
       grand and petit, 71
Jury, right of trial by, secured, 66, 164, 165
Justices' courts, proceedings of, 64-70
Justices of the peace, jurisdiction of, 64


Kentucky, constitution of, 268


Larceny, grand and petit, defined, 218
Law, defined, 16
     common and statute, defined, 167
Laws necessity of, 22
     man fitted for, 17
     political, civil, municipal, defined, 21, 22
     manner of enacting, 43-48
Laws of nations, defined, 221, 223, 224
Leases, or estates for life, for years, at will, and by sufferance, rent, &c., 186-189
Legislatures, state, how formed, 37-40
              meetings of, 40-43
              organization and officers of, 41-43
Letters testamentary, and by whom issued, 179
        of administration, and by whom issued, 179
Libel and slander, law concerning, 168, 169
Liberty, defined, 20, 167
         of speech and of the press, secured, 163
         of conscience, 19, 170
Lien, law concerning, 203, 205
Lieutenant-governor, duties of, 49
Lords, house of, 29
Louisiana, constitution of, 262


Maiming, defined, 217
Maine, constitution of, 239
Man, fitted for government and laws, 16, 17
Mandatary, responsibility of, 200
Manifest, defined, 121
Mankind, fitted for society, 15, 17
Manslaughter, defined, 217
Marque and reprisal, defined, 129
                     power to issue letters of, 129
                     states may not issue, 136
Marriage, law concerning, 171
Maryland, constitution of, 252
Massachusetts, constitution of, 242
Masters, apprentices, and servants, 175-177
Mayor, election and duties of, 60
Michigan, constitution of, 273
Militia, regulation of, 90-92
Ministers, public, their appointment and duties, 144, 145
           privilege and powers of, 145, 227
Minors, rights and liabilities of, 175
Minnesota, constitution of, 278
Mints of the United States, 125
Misdemeanors, defined, 64, 221
Mississippi, constitution of, 260
Missouri, constitution of, 265
Monarchy, defined, 24, 25
Money, power of congress to borrow, 114
       power of congress to coin, 124
       coining of, by states, prohibited, 136
       how borrowed, 84
Moral, defined, 16
       law, defined, 21
Mortgages, land, nature of, 182
           chattel, 199
Murder, defined, 217


Nation and state, defined, 17
Nations, jurisdiction of, 225
         rights and obligations of, 226-228
Naturalization, power to pass laws concerning, 122, 123
Navigation, regulation of, 119-121
            acts of Great Britain, 99
Navy department, when established, 148
Negative, or veto, defined, 47
Neutral nations, rights and duties of, 228, 234-237
New Hampshire, constitution of, 240
New Jersey, constitution of, 247
New York, constitution of, 245
New states, power of congress to admit, 158
Nonsuit, judgment of, 66
North Carolina, constitution of, 255
Notaries public, duties of, 214
Notes, promissory, 207-212


Oaths of office, 161
      test, forbidden, 161
Obligation of contracts, may not be impaired, 137
Obligations of nations, 225
Offenders, arrest of and examination, 69
Offenses against the law of nations, power to define, 128
Ohio, constitution of, 269
Overseers of highways, duties of, 58
          of poor, duties of, 58


Pardon and reprieve, power of, 49, 143
Parent and child, law concerning, 174, 175
Parliament, how formed, 29
Parol contracts, defined, 190
Partnership, law concerning, 205, 207
Passports, defined, 120, 121
Patents and copy-rights, how secured, 126, 127
Patriarch, defined, 23
Pawnee, liability of, 201
Peace, treaties of, 237, 238
Pennsylvania, constitution of, 248
Pensions, military, 149
Perjury, defined, 219
Personal estate, defined, 77
Piracies and felonies, power of congress concerning, 128
Pleadings, in justices' courts, 65
Police courts and justices, 60
Policy, insurance, defined, 89
Political law, defined, 21, 27
          power, by whom exercised, 29-31
Poll, defined, 32, 33
Poll-list, how and by whom kept, 32
Poll or capitation tax, 76, 77, 133
Polygamy, defined, 219
Poor, overseers of, their duties, 58
Postmaster-general, power and duties of, 149, 150
Postmasters, appointment and duties of, 149, 150
             compensation of, 149, 150
Post-offices and post roads, power to establish, 126
Power of congress to lay and collect taxes, &c., 112-114
                  to borrow money, 114
                  to regulate commerce, 114-119
                  in relation to naturalization and bankruptcy, 122-124
                  to coin money, and regulate weights and measures, 124-125
                  to punish counterfeiting, 125
                  to establish post-offices, &c., 126
                  to secure patents and copy-rights, 126, 127
                  to define and punish piracies, felonies, &c., 128
                  to declare war, 128
                  to issue letters of marque and reprisal, 129
                  to provide for the national defense, generally, 129,130
                  to legislate over the District of Columbia, 130
                  to make all necessary and proper laws, 130, 131
Power of congress to declare punishment of treason, 155
                  to admit new states, 158
                  to dispose of and regulate territory and other public property, 159
Powers prohibited to congress, (see prohibitions on congress.)
Premium, defined, 89
Prescription, right by, 183, 184
President and vice-president, how chosen, 139-141
President, powers and duties of, 143-147
           vacancy in office, how filled, 142
           power of, to fill vacancies, 146
Principal and agent, responsibility of, 202, 205
Printing, public, by whom and how done, 52
Privateering, in what cases authorized, 233, 234
Prizes in war, how disposed of, 234
Prohibition on congress--
            to abolish the slave trade, 131, 132
            to suspend habeas corpus, 132, 133
            to pass bills of attainder, 133
            to pass ex post facto laws, 133
            in relation to taxation and commerce, 133, 134
            to grant titles of nobility, 135
Prohibition on the states--
            to form treaties, alliances, &c., 135
            to grant letters of marque and reprisal, 136
            to coin money, 136
            to emit bills of credit, 136
            to make anything but coin a tender, 136
            to impair the obligation of contracts, 137
            to pass bills of attainder or ex post facto laws, 137
            to grant titles of nobility, 137
            to lay duties, 137, 138
Promissory notes, rules concerning, 207-212
Protective duties, nature of described, 116, 117