"This kind of knaves I know, who in this plainness Harbour more craft, and hide corrupter ends, Than twenty silly ducking observants."—Shak. cor.
LESSON XVII.—MANY ERRORS.
"A man will be forgiven, even for great errors, committed in a foreign language; but, in the use he makes of his own, even the least slips are justly pointed out and ridiculed."—Amer. Chesterfield cor. "LET expresses not only permission, but entreaty, exhortation, and command."—Lowth cor.; also Murray, et al. "That death which is our leaving of this world, is nothing else than the putting-off of these bodies."—Sherlock cor. "They differ from the saints recorded in either the Old or the New Testament."—Newton cor. "The nature of relation, therefore, consists in the referring or comparing of two things to each other; from which comparison, one or both come to be denominated."—Locke cor. "It is not credible, that there is any one who will say, that through the whole course of his life he has kept himself entirely undefiled, without the least spot or stain of sin."—Witsius cor. "If to act conformably to the will of our Creator,—if to promote the welfare of mankind around us,—if to secure our own happiness, is an object of the highest moment; then are we loudly called upon to cultivate and extend the great interests of religion and virtue." Or: "If, to act conformably to the will of our Creator, to promote the welfare of mankind around us, and to secure our own happiness, are objects of the highest moment; then," &c.—Murray et al. cor. "The verb being in the plural number, it is supposed, that the officer and his guard are joint agents. But this is not the case: the only nominative to the verb is 'officer.' In the expression, 'with his guard,' the noun 'guard' is in the objective case, being governed by the preposition with; and consequently it cannot form the nominative, or any part of it. The prominent subject for the agreement, the true nominative to the verb, or the term to which the verb peculiarly refers, is the word 'officer.'"—L. Murray cor. "This is an other use, that, in my opinion, contributes to make a man learned rather than wise; and is incapable of pleasing either the understanding or the imagination."—Addison cor. "The work is a dull performance; and is incapable of pleasing either the understanding or the imagination."—L. Murray cor. "I would recommend the 'Elements of English Grammar,' by Mr. Frost. The plan of this little work is similar to that of Mr. L. Murray's smallest Grammar; but, in order to meet the understanding of children, its definitions and language are simplified, so far as the nature of the subject will admit. It also embraces more examples for Parsing, than are usual in elementary treatises."—S. R. Hall cor. "More rain falls in the first two summer months, than in the first two months of winter; but what falls, makes a much greater show upon the earth, in winter than in summer, because there is a much slower evaporation."—L. Murray cor. "They often contribute also to render some persons prosperous, though wicked; and, what is still worse, to reward some actions, though vicious; and punish other actions, though virtuous."—Bp. Butler cor. "Hence, to such a man, arise naturally a secret satisfaction, a sense of security, and an implicit hope of somewhat further."—Id. "So much for the third and last cause of illusion, that was noticed above; which arises from the abuse of very general and abstract terms; and which is the principal source of the abundant nonsense that has been vented by metaphysicians, mystagogues, and theologians."—Campbell cor. "As to those animals which are less common, or which, on account of the places they inhabit, fall less under our observation, as fishes and birds, or which their diminutive size removes still further from our observation, we generally, in English, employ a single noun to designate both genders, the masculine and the feminine."—Fosdick cor. "Adjectives may always be distinguished by their relation to other words: they express the quality, condition, or number, of whatever things are mentioned."—Emmons cor. "An adverb is a word added to a verb, a participle, an adjective, or an other adverb; and generally expresses time, place, degree, or manner."—Brown's Inst., p. 29. "The joining-together of two objects, so grand, and the representing of them both, as subject at one moment to the command of God, produce a noble effect."—Dr. Blair cor. "Twisted columns, for instance, are undoubtedly ornamental; but, as they have an appearance of weakness, they displease the eye, whenever they are used to support any massy part of a building, or what seems to require a more substantial prop."—Id. "In a vast number of inscriptions, some upon rocks, some upon stones of a defined shape, is found an Alphabet different from the Greeks', the Latins', and the Hebrews', and also unlike that of any modern nation."—W. C. Fowler cor.
LESSON XVIII.—MANY ERRORS.
"The empire of Blefuscu is an island situated on the northeast side of Lilliput, from which it is parted by a channel of only 800 yards in width."—Swift and Kames cor. "The nominative case usually denotes the agent or doer; and any noun or pronoun which is the subject of a finite verb, is always in this case."—R. C. Smith cor. "There are, in his allegorical personages, an originality, a richness, and a variety, which almost vie with the splendours of the ancient mythology."—Hazlitt cor. "As neither the Jewish nor the Christian revelation has been universal, and as each has been afforded to a greater or a less part of the world at different times; so likewise, at different times, both revelations have had different degrees of evidence."—Bp. Butler cor. "Thus we see, that, to kill a man with a sword, and to kill one with a hatchet, are looked upon as no distinct species of action; but, if the point of the sword first enter the body, the action passes for a distinct species, called stabbing."—Locke cor. "If a soul sin, and commit a trespass against the Lord, and lie unto his neighbour concerning that which was delivered him to keep, or deceive his neighbour, or find that which was lost, and lie concerning it, and swear falsely; in any of all these that a man doeth, sinning therein, then it shall be," &c.—Bible cor. "As, to do and teach the commandments of God, is the great proof of virtue; so, to break them, and to teach others to break them, are the great proofs of vice."—Wayland cor. "The latter simile, in Pope's terrific maltreatment of it, is true neither to the mind nor to the eye."—Coleridge cor. "And the two brothers were seen, transported with rage and fury, like Eteocles and Polynices, each endeavouring to plunge his sword into the other's heart, and to assure himself of the throne by the death of his rival."—Goldsmith cor. "Is it not plain, therefore, that neither the castle, nor the planet, nor the cloud, which you here see, is that real one which you suppose to exist at a distance?"—Berkley cor. "I have often wondered, how it comes to pass, that every body should love himself best, and yet value his neighbours' opinion about himself more than his own."—Collier cor. "Virtue, ([Greek: Aretæ], Virtus,) as well as most of its species, when sex is figuratively ascribed to it, is made feminine, perhaps from its beauty and amiable appearance."—Harris cor. "Virtue, with most of its species, is made feminine when personified; and so is Vice, perhaps for being Virtue's opposite."—Brit. Gram. cor.; also Buchanan. "From this deduction, it may easily be seen, how it comes to pass, that personification makes so great a figure in all compositions in which imagination or passion has any concern."—Dr. Blair cor. "An Article is a word placed before a noun, to point it out as such, and to show how far its signification extends."—Folker cor. "All men have certain natural, essential, and inherent rights;—among which are the rights of enjoying and defending life and liberty; of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property; and, in a word, of seeking and obtaining happiness."—Const. of N. H. cor. "From those grammarians who form their ideas and make their decisions, respecting this part of English grammar, from the principles and construction of other languages,—of languages which do not in these points accord with our own, but which differ considerably from it,—we may naturally expect grammatical schemes that will be neither perspicuous nor consistent, and that will tend rather to perplex than to inform the learner."—Murray and Hall cor. "Indeed there are but very few who know how to be idle and innocent, or who have a relish for any pleasures that are not criminal; every diversion which the majority take, is at the expense of some one virtue or other, and their very first step out of business is into vice or folly."—Addison cor.
"Hail, holy Love! thou bliss that sumst all bliss! Giv'st and receiv'st all bliss; fullest when most Thou giv'st; spring-head of all felicity!"—Pollok cor.
CHAPTER XIII—GENERAL RULE.
CORRECTIONS UNDER THE GENERAL RULE.
LESSON I.—ARTICLES.
(1.) "The article is a part of speech placed before nouns." Or thus: "An article is a word placed before nouns."—Comly cor. (2.) "The article is a part of speech used to limit nouns."—Gilbert cor. (3.) "An article is a word set before nouns to fix their vague signification."—Ash cor. (4.) "The adjective is a part of speech used to describe something named by a noun."—Gilbert cor. (5.) "A pronoun is a word used in stead of a noun."—Id. and Weld cor.: Inst., p. 45. (6.) "The pronoun is a part of speech which is often used in stead of a noun."—Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor. (7.) "A verb is a word which signifies to be, to do, or to be acted upon."—Merchant cor. (8.) "The verb is a part of speech which signifies to be, to act, or to receive an action."—Comly cor. (9.) "The verb is the part of speech by which any thing is asserted."—Weld cor. (10.) "The verb is a part of speech, which expresses action or existence in a direct manner."—Gilbert cor. (11.) "A participle is a word derived from a verb, and expresses action or existence in an indirect manner."—Id. (12.) "The participle is a part of speech derived from the verb, and denotes being, doing, or suffering, and implies time, as a verb does."—Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor. (13.) "The adverb is a part of speech used to add some modification to the meaning of verbs, adjectives, and participles."—Gilbert cor. (14.) "An adverb is an indeclinable word added to a verb, [a participle,] an adjective, or an other adverb, to express some circumstance, accident, or manner of its signification."—Adam and Gould cor. (15.) "An adverb is a word added to a verb, an adjective, a participle, or an other adverb, to express the circumstance of time, place, degree, or manner."—Dr. Ash cor. (16.) "An adverb is a word added to a verb, an adjective, a participle, or, sometimes, an other adverb, to express some circumstance respecting the sense."—Beck cor. (17.) "The adverb is a part of speech, which is added to verbs, adjectives, participles, or to other adverbs, to express some modification or circumstance, quality or manner, of their signification."—Buchanan cor. (18.) "The adverb is a part of speech which we add to the verb, (whence the name,) to the adjective or participle likewise, and sometimes even to an other adverb."—Bucke cor. (19.) "A conjunction is a word used to connect words or sentences."—Gilbert and Weld cor. (20.) "The conjunction is a part of speech that joins words or sentences together."—Ash cor. (21.) "The conjunction is that part of speech which connects sentences, or parts of sentences, or single words."—D. Blair cor. (22.) "The conjunction is a part of speech that is used principally to connect sentences, so as, out of two, three, or more sentences, to make one."—Bucke cor. (23.) "The conjunction is a part of speech that is used to connect words or sentences together; but, chiefly, to join simple sentences into such as are compound."—Kirkham cor. (24.) "A conjunction is a word which joins words or sentences together, and shows the manner of their dependence, as they stand in connexion."—Brit. Gram. et al. cor. (25.) "A preposition is a word used to show the relation between other words, and govern the subsequent term."—Gilbert cor. (26.) "A preposition is a governing word which serves to connect other words, and to show the relation between them."—Frost cor. (27.) "A preposition is a governing particle used to connect words and show their relation."—Weld cor. (28.) "The preposition is that part of speech which shows the various positions of persons or things, and the consequent relations that certain words bear toward one an other."—David Blair cor. (29.) "The preposition is a part of speech, which, being added to certain other parts of speech, serves to show their state of relation, or their reference to each other."—Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor. (30.) "The interjection is a part of speech used to express sudden passion or strong emotion."—Gilbert cor. (31.) "An interjection is an unconnected word used in giving utterance to some sudden feeling or strong emotion."—Weld cor. (32.) "The interjection is that part of speech which denotes any sudden affection or strong emotion of the mind."—David Blair cor. (33.) "An interjection is an independent word or sound thrown into discourse, and denotes some sudden passion or strong emotion of the soul."—Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor.
(34.) "The scene might tempt some peaceful sage
To rear a lonely hermitage."—Gent. of Aberdeen cor.
(35.) "Not all the storms that shake the pole,
Can e'er disturb thy halcyon soul,
And smooth unalter'd brow."—Barbauld's Poems, p. 42.
LESSON II.—NOUNS.
"The throne of every monarchy felt the shock."—Frelinghuysen cor. "These principles ought to be deeply impressed upon the mind of every American."—Dr. N. Webster cor. "The words CHURCH and SHIRE are radically the same."—Id. "They may not, in their present form, be readily accommodated to every circumstance belonging to the possessive case of nouns."—L. Murray cor. "Will, in the second and third persons, only foretells."—Id.; Lowth's Gram., p. 41. "Which seem to form the true distinction between the subjunctive and the indicative mood."—L. Murray cor. "The very general approbation which this performance of Walker's has received from the public."—Id. "Lest she carry her improvements of this kind too far." Or thus: "Lest she carry her improvements in this way too far."—Id. and Campbell cor. "Charles was extravagant, and by his prodigality became poor and despicable."—L. Murray cor. "We should entertain no prejudice against simple and rustic persons."—Id. "These are indeed the foundation of all solid merit."—Dr. Blair cor. "And his embellishment, by means of figures, musical cadences, or other ornaments of speech."—Id. "If he is at no pains to engage us by the employment of figures, musical arrangement, or any other ornament of style."—Id. "The most eminent of the sacred poets, are, David, Isaiah, and the author of the Book of Job."—Id. "Nothing in any poem, is more beautifully described than the death of old Priam."—Id. "When two vowels meet together, and are joined in one syllable, they are called a diphthong."—Inf. S. Gram. cor. "How many Esses would goodness' then end with? Three; as goodness's."—Id. "Birds is a noun; it is the common name of feathered animals."—Kirkham cor. "Adam gave names to all living creatures." Or thus: "Adam gave a name to every living creature."—Bicknell cor. "The steps of a flight of stairs ought to be accommodated to the human figure." Or thus: "Stairs ought to be accommodated to the ease of the users."—Kames cor. "Nor ought an emblem, more than a simile, to be founded on a low or familiar object."—Id. "Whatever the Latin has not from the Greek, it has from the Gothic."—Tooke cor. "The mint, and the office of the secretary of state, are neat buildings."—The Friend cor. "The scenes of dead and still existence are apt to pall upon us."—Blair cor. "And Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus, the angelical doctor and the subtle, are the brightest stars in the scholastic constellation."—Lit. Hist. cor. "The English language has three methods of distinguishing the sexes."—Murray et al. cor.; also R. C. Smith. "In English, there are the three following methods of distinguishing the sexes."—Jaudon cor. "There are three ways of distinguishing the sexes."—Lennie et al. cor.; also Merchant. "The sexes are distinguished in three ways."—Maunder cor. "Neither discourse in general, nor poetry in particular, can be called altogether an imitative art."—Dr. Blair cor.
"Do we for this the gods and conscience brave,
That one may rule and all the rest enslave?"—Rowe cor.
LESSON III.—ADJECTIVES.
"There is a deal more of heads, than of either heart or horns."—Barclay cor. "For, of all villains, I think he has the most improper name."—Bunyan cor. "Of all the men that I met in my pilgrimage, he, I think, bears the wrongest name."—Id. "I am surprised to see so much of the distribution, and so many of the technical terms, of the Latin grammar, retained in the grammar of our tongue."—Priestley cor. "Nor did the Duke of Burgundy bring him any assistance."—Hume and Priestley cor. "Else he will find it difficult to make an obstinate person believe him."—Brightland cor. "Are there any adjectives which form the degrees of comparison in a manner peculiar to themselves?"—Inf. S. Gram. cor. "Yet all the verbs are of the indicative mood."—Lowth cor. "The word candidate is absolute, in the nominative case."—L. Murray cor. "An Iambus has the first syllable unaccented, and the last accented."—L. Murray, D. Blair, Jamieson, Kirkham, Bullions, Guy, Merchant, and others. "A Dactyl has the first syllable accented, and the last two [syllables] unaccented."—Murray et al. cor. "It is proper to begin with a capital the first word of every book, chapter, letter, note, or[553] other piece of writing."—Jaudon's Gram., p. 195; John Flint's, 105. "Five and seven make twelve, and one more makes thirteen."—L. Murray cor. "I wish to cultivate a nearer acquaintance with you."—Id. "Let us consider the means which are proper to effect our purpose." Or thus: "Let us consider what means are proper to effect our purpose."—Id. "Yet they are of so similar a nature as readily to mix and blend."—Dr. Blair cor. "The Latin is formed on the same model, but is more imperfect."—Id. "I know very well how great pains have been taken." Or thus: "I know very well how much care has been taken."—Temple cor. "The management of the breath requires a great deal of care."—Dr. Blair cor. "Because the mind, during such a momentary stupefaction, is, in a great measure, if not totally, insensible."—Kames cor. "Motives of reason and interest alone are not sufficient."—Id. "To render the composition distinct in its parts, and on the whole impressive."—Id. "A and an are named the Indefinite article, because they denote indifferently any one thing of a kind."—Maunder cor. "The is named the Definite article, because it points out some particular thing or things."—Id. "So much depends upon the proper construction of sentences, that, in any sort of composition, we cannot be too strict in our attention to it." Or:—"that, in every sort of composition, we ought to be very strict in our attention to it." Or:—"that, in no sort of composition, can we be too strict," &c.—Dr. Blair cor. "Every sort of declamation and public speaking was carried on by them." Or thus: "All sorts of declamation and public speaking, were carried on by them."—Id. "The former has, on many occasions, a sublimity to which the latter never attains."—Id. "When the words, therefore, consequently, accordingly, and the like, are used in connexion with conjunctions, they are adverbs."—Kirkham cor. "Rude nations make few or no allusions to the productions of the arts."—Jamieson cor. "While two of her maids knelt on each side of her." Or, if there were only two maids kneeling, and not four: "While two of her maids knelt one on each side of her."—Mirror cor. "The personal pronouns of the third person, differ from one an other in meaning and use, as follows."—Bullions cor. "It was happy for the state, that Fabius continued in the command with Minutius: the phlegm of the former was a check on the vivacity of the latter."—L. Murray and others cor.: see Maunders Gram., p. 4. "If it be objected, that the words must and ought, in the preceding sentences, are both in the present tense." Or thus: "If it be objected, that in all the preceding sentences the words must and ought are in the present tense."—L. Murray cor. "But it will be well, if you turn to them now and then." Or:—"if you turn to them occasionally."—Bucke cor. "That every part should have a dependence on, and mutually contribute to support, every other."—Rollin cor. "The phrase, 'Good, my lord,' is not common, and is low." Or:—"is uncommon, and low."—Priestley cor.
"That brother should not war with brother,
And one devour or vex an other."—Cowper cor.
LESSON IV.—PRONOUNS.
"If I can contribute to our country's glory." Or:—"to your glory and that of my country."—Goldsmith cor. "As likewise of the several subjects, which have in effect each its verb."—Lowth cor. "He is likewise required to make examples for himself." Or: "He himself is likewise required to make examples."—J. Flint cor. "If the emphasis be placed wrong, it will pervert and confound the meaning wholly." Or: "If the emphasis be placed wrong, the meaning will be perverted and confounded wholly." Or: "If we place the emphasis wrong, we pervert and confound the meaning wholly."—L. Murray cor.; also Dr. Blair. "It was this, that characterized the great men of antiquity; it is this, that must distinguish the moderns who would tread in their steps."—Dr. Blair cor. "I am a great enemy to implicit faith, as well the Popish as the Presbyterian; for, in that, the Papists and the Presbyterians are very much alike."—Barclay cor. "Will he thence dare to say, the apostle held an other Christ than him that died?"—Id. "Why need you be anxious about this event?" Or: "What need have you to be anxious about this event?"—Collier cor. "If a substantive can be placed after the verb, the latter is active."—A. Murray cor. "To see bad men honoured and prosperous in the world, is some discouragement to virtue." Or: "It is some discouragement to virtue, to see bad men," &c.—L. Murray cor. "It is a happiness to young persons, to be preserved from the snares of the world, as in a garden enclosed."—Id. "At the court of Queen Elizabeth, where all was prudence and economy."—Bullions cor. "It is no wonder, if such a man did not shine at the court of Queen Elizabeth, who was so remarkable for her prudence and economy."—Priestley, Murray, et al cor. "A defective verb is a verb that wants some parts. The defective verbs are chiefly the auxiliaries and the impersonal verbs."—Bullions cor. "Some writers have given to the moods a much greater extent than I have assigned to them."—L. Murray cor. "The personal pronouns give such information as no other words are capable of conveying."—M'Culloch cor. "When the article a, an, or the, precedes the participle, the latter also becomes a noun."—Merchant cor. "To some of these, there is a preference to be given, which custom and judgement must determine."—L. Murray cor. "Many writers affect to subjoin to any word the preposition with which it is compounded, or that of which it literally implies the idea."—Id. and Priestley cor.
"Say, dost thou know Vectidius? Whom, the wretch
Whose lands beyond the Sabines largely stretch?"—Dryden cor.
LESSON V.—VERBS.
"We should naturally expect, that the word depend would require from after it."—Priestley's Gram., p. 158. "A dish which they pretend is made of emerald."—L. Murray cor. "For the very nature of a sentence implies that one proposition is expressed."—Murray's Gram., 8vo, p. 311. "Without a careful attention to the sense, we should be naturally led, by the rules of syntax, to refer it to the rising and setting of the sun."—Dr. Blair cor. "For any rules that can be given, on this subject, must be very general."—Id. "He would be in the right, if eloquence were what he conceives it to be."—Id. "There I should prefer a more free and diffuse manner."—Id. "Yet that they also resembled one an other, and agreed in certain qualities."—Id. "But, since he must restore her, he insists on having an other in her place."—Id. "But these are far from being so frequent, or so common, as they have been supposed to be."—Id. "We are not led to assign a wrong place to the pleasant or the painful feelings."—Kames cor. "Which are of greater importance than they are commonly thought."—Id. "Since these qualities are both coarse and common, let us find out the mark of a man of probity."—Collier cor. "Cicero did what no man had ever done before him; he drew up a treatise of consolation for himself."—Biographer cor. "Then there can remain no other doubt of the truth."—Brightland cor. "I have observed that some satirists use the term." Or: "I have observed some satirists to use the term."—Bullions cor. "Such men are ready to despond, or to become enemies."—Webster cor. "Common nouns are names common to many things."—Inf. S. Gram. cor. "To make ourselves heard by one to whom we address ourselves."—Dr. Blair cor. "That, in reading poetry, he may be the better able to judge of its correctness, and may relish its beauties." Or:—"and to relish its beauties."—L. Murray cor. "On the stretch to keep pace with the author, and comprehend his meaning."—Dr. Blair cor. "For it might have been sold for more than three hundred pence, and the money have been given to the poor."—Bible cor. "He is a beam that has departed, and has left no streak of light behind."—Ossian cor. "No part of this incident ought to have been represented, but the whole should have been reserved for a narrative."—Kames cor. "The rulers and people debauching themselves, a country is brought to ruin." Or: "When the rulers and people debauch themselves, they bring ruin on a country."—Ware cor. "When a title, (as Doctor, Miss, Master, &c.,) is prefixed to a name, the latter only, of the two words, is commonly varied to form the plural; as, 'The Doctor Nettletons,'—'The two Miss Hudsons.'"—A. Murray cor. "Wherefore that field has been called, 'The Field of Blood,' unto this day."—Bible cor. "To comprehend the situations of other countries, which perhaps it may be necessary for him to explore."—Dr. Brown cor. "We content ourselves now with fewer conjunctive particles than our ancestors used."—Priestley cor. "And who will be chiefly liable to make mistakes where others have erred before them."—Id. "The voice of nature and that of revelation unite." Or: "Revelation and the voice of nature unite." Or: "The voice of nature unites with revelation." Or: "The voice of nature unites with that of revelation."—Wayland cor.
"This adjective, you see, we can't admit;
But, changed to 'WORSE,' the word is just and fit."—Tobitt cor.
LESSON VI.—PARTICIPLES.
"Its application is not arbitrary, or dependent on the caprice of readers."—L. Murray cor. "This is the more expedient, because the work is designed for the benefit of private learners."—Id. "A man, he tells us, ordered by his will, to have a statue erected for him."—Dr. Blair cor. "From some likeness too remote, and lying too far out of the road of ordinary thought."—Id. "In the commercial world, money is a fluid, running from hand to hand."—Dr. Webster cor. "He pays much attention to the learning and singing of songs."—Id. "I would not be understood to consider the singing of songs as criminal."—Id. "It is a case decided by Cicero, the great master of writing."—Editor of Waller cor. "Did they ever bear a testimony against the writing of books?"— Bates's Rep. cor. "Exclamations are sometimes mistaken for interrogations."—Hist. of Print, cor. "Which cannot fail to prove of service."—Smith cor. "Hewn into such figures as would make them incorporate easily and firmly."—Beat, or Mur. cor. "After the rule and example, there are practical inductive questions."—J. Flint cor. "I think it will be an advantage, that I have collected my examples from modern writings."—Priestley cor. "He was eager to recommend it to his fellow-citizens."—Id. and Hume cor. "The good lady was careful to serve me with every thing."—Id. "No revelation would have been given, had the light of nature been sufficient, in such a sense as to render one superfluous and useless."—Bp. Butler cor. "Description, again, is a representation which raises in the mind the conception of an object, by means of some arbitrary or instituted symbols."—Dr. Blair cor. "Disappointing the expectation of the hearers, when they look for an end." Or:—"for the termination of our discourse."—Id. "There is a distinction, which, in the use of them, is worthy of attention."— Maunder cor. "A model has been contrived, which is not very expensive, and which is easily managed."—Ed. Reporter cor. "The conspiracy was the more easily discovered, because the conspirators were many."—L. Murray cor. "Nearly ten years had that celebrated work been published, before its importance was at all understood."—Id. "That the sceptre is ostensibly grasped by a female hand, does not reverse the general order of government."—West cor. "I have hesitated about signing the Declaration of Sentiments."—Lib. cor. "The prolonging of men's lives when the world needed to be peopled, and the subsequent shortening of them when that necessity had ceased."—Rev. John Brown cor. "Before the performance commences, we see displayed the insipid formalities of the prelusive scene."—Kirkham cor. "It forbade the lending of money, or the sending of goods, or the embarking of capital in anyway, in transactions connected with that foreign traffic."—Brougham cor. "Even abstract ideas have sometimes the same important prerogative conferred upon them."—Jamieson cor. "Ment, like other terminations, changes y into i, when the y is preceded by a consonant."—Kirkham's Gram., p. 25. "The term PROPER is from the French propre, own, or the Latin proprius; and a Proper noun is so called, because it is peculiar to the individual or family bearing the name. The term COMMON is from the Latin communis, pertaining equally to several or many; and a Common noun is so called, because it is common to every individual comprised in the class."—Fowler cor.
"Thus oft by mariners are showed (Unless the men of Kent are liars)
Earl Godwin's castles overflowed, And palace-roofs, and steeple-
spires."—Swift cor.
LESSON VII.—ADVERBS.
"He spoke to every man and woman who was there."—L. Murray cor. "Thought and language act and react upon each other."—Murray's Key, p. 264. "Thought and expression act and react upon each other."—Murray's Gram., 8vo, p. 356. "They have neither the leisure nor the means of attaining any knowledge, except what lies within the contracted circle of their several professions."—Campbell's Rhet., p. 160. "Before they are capable of understanding much, or indeed any thing, of most other branches of education."—Olney cor. "There is no more beauty in one of them, than in an other."—L. Murray cor. "Which appear to be constructed according to no certain rule."—Dr. Blair cor. "The vehement manner of speaking became less universal."—Or better:—"less general."—Id. "Not all languages, however, agree in this mode of expression." Or: "This mode of expression, however, is not common to all languages."—Id. "The great occasion of setting apart this particular day."—Atterbury cor. "He is much more promising now, than he was formerly."—L. Murray cor. "They are placed before a participle, without dependence on the rest of the sentence."—Id. "This opinion does not appear to have been well considered." Or: "This opinion appears to have been formed without due consideration."—Id. "Precision in language merits a full explication; and merits it the more, because distinct ideas are, perhaps, but rarely formed concerning it."—Dr. Blair cor. "In the more sublime parts of poetry, he is less distinguished." Or:—"he is not so highly distinguished."—Id. "Whether the author was altogether happy in the choice of his subject, may be questioned."—Id. "But, with regard to this matter also, there is a great error in the common practice."—Webster cor. "This order is the very order of the human mind, which makes things we are sensible of, a means to come at those that are not known." Or:—"which makes things that are already known, its means of finding out those that are not so."—Foreman cor. "Now, who is not discouraged, and does not fear want, when he has no money?"—C. Leslie cor. "Which the authors of this work consider of little or no use."—Wilbur and Liv. cor. "And here indeed the distinction between these two classes begins to be obscure."—Dr. Blair cor. "But this is a manner which deserves to be avoided." Or:—"which does not deserve to be imitated."—Id. "And, in this department, a person effects very little, whenever he attempts too much."—Campbell and Murray cor. "The verb that signifies mere being, is neuter."—Ash cor. "I hope to tire but little those whom I shall not happen to please."—Rambler cor. "Who were utterly unable to pronounce some letters, and who pronounced others very indistinctly."—Sheridan cor. "The learner may point out the active, passive, and neuter verbs in the following examples, and state the reasons for thus distinguishing them." Or: "The learner may point out the active, the passive, and the neuter verbs in the following examples, and state the reasons for calling them so."—C. Adams cor. "These words are almost always conjunctions."—Barrett cor.
"How glibly nonsense trickles from his tongue! How sweet the periods, neither said nor sung!"—Pope cor.
LESSON VIII.—CONJUNCTIONS.
"Who, at least, either knew not, or did not love to make, a distinction." Or better thus: "Who, at least, either knew no distinction, or did not like to make any."—Dr. Murray cor. "It is childish in the last degree to let this become the ground of estranged affection."—L. Murray cor. "When the regular, and when the irregular verb, is to be preferred [sic—KTH], p. 107."—Id. "The books were to have been sold this day." Or:—"on this day."—Priestley cor. "Do, an you will." Or: "Do, if you will."—Shak. cor. "If a man had a positive idea either of infinite duration or of infinite space, he could add two infinites together." Or: "If a man had a positive idea of what is infinite, either in duration or in space, he could," &c.—Murray's proof-text cor. "None shall more willingly agree to and advance the same than I."—Morton cor. "That it cannot but be hurtful to continue it."—Barclay cor. "A conjunction joins words or sentences."—Beck cor. "The copulative conjunction connects words or sentences together, and continues the sense."—Frost cor. "The copulative conjunction serves to connect [words or clauses,] and continue a sentence, by expressing an addition, a cause, or a supposition."—L. Murray cor. "All construction is either true or apparent; or, in other words, either literal or figurative."—Buchanan and Brit. Gram. cor. "But the divine character is such as none but a divine hand could draw." Or: "But the divine character is such, that none but a divine hand could draw it."—A. Keith cor. "Who is so mad, that, on inspecting the heavens, he is insensible of a God?"—Gibbons cor. "It is now submitted to an enlightened public, with little further desire on the part of the author, than for its general utility."—Town cor. "This will sufficiently explain why so many provincials have grown old in the capital without making any change in their original dialect."— Sheridan cor. "Of these, they had chiefly three in general use, which were denominated ACCENTS, the term being used in the plural number."—Id. "And this is one of the chief reasons why dramatic representations have ever held the first rank amongst the diversions of mankind."—Id. "Which is the chief reason why public reading is in general so disgusting."—Id. "At the same time in which they learn to read." Or: "While they learn to read."—Id. "He is always to pronounce his words with exactly the same accent that he uses in speaking."—Id. "In order to know what an other knows, and in the same manner in which he knows it."—Id. "For the same reason for which it is, in a more limited state, assigned to the several tribes of animals."—Id. "Were there masters to teach this, in the same manner in which other arts are taught." Or: "Were there masters to teach this, as other arts are taught."—Id.
"Whose own example strengthens all his laws; Who is himself that great sublime he draws."—Pope cor.
LESSON IX.—PREPOSITIONS.
"The word so has sometimes the same meaning as ALSO, LIKEWISE, or THE SAME."—Priestley cor. "The verb use relates not to 'pleasures of the imagination;' but to the terms fancy and imagination, which he was to employ as synonymous."—Dr. Blair cor. "It never can view, clearly and distinctly, more than one object at a time."—Id. "This figure [Euphemism] is often the same as the Periphrasis."—Adam and Gould cor. "All the intermediate time between youth and old age."—W. Walker cor. "When one thing is said to act upon an other, or do something to it."—Lowth cor. "Such a composition has as much of meaning in it, as a mummy has of life." Or: "Such a composition has as much meaning in it, as a mummy has life."—Lit. Conv. cor. "That young men, from fourteen to eighteen years of age, were not the best judges."—Id. "This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and of blasphemy."—Isaiah, xxxvii, 3. "Blank verse has the same pauses and accents that occur in rhyme."—Kames cor. "In prosody, long syllables are distinguished by the macron (¯); and short ones by what is called the breve (~)."—Bucke cor. "Sometimes both articles are left out, especially from poetry."—Id. "From the following example, the pronoun and participle are omitted." Or: "In the following example, the pronoun and participle are not expressed."—L. Murray cor. [But the example was faulty. Say.] "Conscious of his weight and importance,"—or, "Being conscious of his own weight and importance, he did not solicit the aid of others."—Id. "He was an excellent person; even in his early youth, a mirror of the ancient faith."—Id. "The carrying of its several parts into execution."—Bp. Butler cor. "Concord is the agreement which one word has with an other, in gender, number, case, or person."—L. Murray's Gram., p. 142. "It might perhaps have given me a greater taste for its antiquities."—Addison cor. "To call on a person, and to wait on him."—Priestley cor. "The great difficulty they found in fixing just sentiments."—Id. and Hume cor. "Developing the differences of the three."—James Brown cor. "When the singular ends in x, ch soft, sh, ss, or s, we add es to form the plural."—L. Murray cor. "We shall present him a list or specimen of them." "It is very common to hear of the evils of pernicious reading, how it enervates the mind, or how it depraves the principles."—Dymond cor. "In this example, the verb arises is understood before 'curiosity' and before 'knowledge.'"—L. Murray et al. cor. "The connective is frequently omitted, when several words have the same construction."—Wilcox cor. "He shall expel them from before you, and drive them out from your sight."—Bible cor. "Who makes his sun to shine and his rain to descend, upon the just and the unjust." Or thus: "Who makes his sun shine, and his rain descend, upon the just and the unjust."—M'Ilvaine cor.
LESSON X.—MIXED EXAMPLES.
"This sentence violates an established rule of grammar."—L. Murray cor. "The words thou and shall are again reduced to syllables of short quantity."—Id. "Have the greatest men always been the most popular? By no means."—Lieber cor. "St. Paul positively stated, that 'He that loveth an other, hath fulfilled the law.'"—Rom., xiii, 8. "More organs than one are concerned in the utterance of almost every consonant."—M'Culloch cor. "If the reader will pardon me for descending so low."—Campbell cor. "To adjust them in such a manner as shall consist equally with the perspicuity and the grace of the period." Or: "To adjust them so, that they shall consist equally," &c.—Dr. Blair and L. Mur. cor. "This class exhibits a lamentable inefficiency, and a great want of simplicity."—Gardiner cor. "Whose style, in all its course, flows like a limpid stream, through which we see to the very bottom."—Dr. Blair cor.; also L. Murray. "We admit various ellipses." Or thus: "An ellipsis, or omission, of some words, is frequently admitted."—Lennie's Gram., p. 116. "The ellipsis, of articles may occur thus."—L. Murray cor. "Sometimes the article a is improperly applied to nouns of different numbers; as, 'A magnificent house and gardens.'"—Id. "In some very emphatical expressions, no ellipsis should be allowed."—Id. "Ellipses of the adjective may happen in the following manner."—Id. "The following examples show that there may be an ellipsis of the pronoun."—Id. "Ellipses of the verb occur in the following instances."—Id. "Ellipses of the adverb may occur in the following manner."—Id. "The following brief expressions are all of them elliptical." [554]—Id. "If no emphasis be placed on any words, not only will discourse be rendered heavy and lifeless, but the meaning will often be left ambiguous."—Id.; also J. S. Hart and Dr. Blair cor. "He regards his word, but thou dost not regard thine."—Bullions, Murray, et al., cor. "I have learned my task, but you have not learned yours."—Iid. "When the omission of a word would obscure the sense, weaken the expression, or be attended with impropriety, no ellipsis must be indulged."—Murray and Weld cor. "And therefore the verb is correctly put in the singular number, and refers to them all separately and individually considered."—L. Murray cor. "He was to me the most intelligible of all who spoke on the subject."—Id. "I understood him better than I did any other who spoke on the subject."—Id. "The roughness found on the entrance into the paths of virtue and learning decreases as we advance." Or: "The roughnesses encountered in the paths of virtue and learning diminish as we advance."—Id. "There is nothing which more promotes knowledge, than do steady application and habitual observation."—Id. "Virtue confers on man the highest dignity of which he is capable; it should therefore be the chief object of his desire."—Id. and Merchant cor. "The supreme Author of our being has so formed the human soul, that nothing but himself can be its last, adequate, and proper happiness."—Addison and Blair cor. "The inhabitants of China laugh at the plantations of our Europeans: 'Because,' say they, 'any one may place trees in equal rows and uniform figures.'"—Iid. "The divine laws are not to be reversed by those of men."—L. Murray cor. "In both of these examples, the relative which and the verb was are understood."—Id. et al. cor. "The Greek and Latin languages, though for many reasons they cannot be called dialects of one and the same tongue, are nevertheless closely connected."—Dr. Murray cor. "To ascertain and settle whether a white rose or a red breathes the sweetest fragrance." Or thus: "To ascertain and settle which of the two breathes the sweeter fragrance, a white rose or a red one."—J. Q. Adams cor. "To which he can afford to devote but little of his time and labour."—Dr. Blair cor.
"Avoid extremes; and shun the fault of such As still are pleased too little or too much."—Pope cor.
LESSON XI.—OF BAD PHRASES.
"He might as well leave his vessel to the direction of the winds."—South cor. "Without good-nature and gratitude, men might as well live in a wilderness as in society."—L'Estrange cor. "And, for this reason, such lines very seldom occur together."—Dr. Blair cor. "His greatness did not make him happy."—Crombie cor. "Let that which tends to cool your love, be judged in all."—Crisp cor. "It is worth observing, that there is no passion in the mind of man so weak but it mates and masters the fear of death."—Bacon cor. "Accent dignifies the syllable on which it is laid, and makes it more audible than the rest."—Sheridan and Murray cor. "Before he proceeds to argue on either side."—Dr. Blair cor. "The general change of manners, throughout Europe."—Id. "The sweetness and beauty of Virgil's numbers, through all his works."—Id. "The French writers of sermons, study neatness and elegance in the division of their discourses."—Id. "This seldom fails to prove a refrigerant to passion."—Id. "But their fathers, brothers, and uncles, cannot, as good relations and good citizens, excuse themselves for not standing forth to demand vengeance."—Murray's Sequel, p. 114. "Alleging, that their decrial of the church of Rome, was a uniting with the Turks."—Barclay cor. "To which is added the Catechism by the Assembly of Divines."—N. E. Prim. cor. "This treachery was always present in the thoughts of both of them."— Robertson cor. "Thus far their words agree." Or: "Thus far the words of both agree."—W. Walker cor. "Aparithmesis is an enumeration of the several parts of what, as a whole, might be expressed in few words."—Gould cor. "Aparithmesis, or Enumeration, is a figure in which what might be expressed in a few words, is branched out into several parts."—Dr. Adam cor. "Which may sit from time to time, where you dwell, or in the vicinity."—J. O. Taylor cor. "Place together a large-sized animal and a small one, of the same species." Or: "Place together a large and a small animal of the same species."—Kames cor. "The weight of the swimming body is equal to that of the quantity of fluid displaced by it."—Percival cor. "The Subjunctive mood, in all its tenses, is similar to the Optative."—Gwilt cor. "No feeling of obligation remains, except that of an obligation to fidelity."—Wayland cor. "Who asked him why whole audiences should be moved to tears at the representation of some story on the stage."—Sheridan cor. "Are you not ashamed to affirm that the best works of the Spirit of Christ in his saints are as filthy rags?"—Barclay cor. "A neuter verb becomes active, when followed by a noun of kindred signification."—Sanborn cor. "But he has judged better in forbearing to repeat the article the."—Dr. Blair cor. "Many objects please us, and are thought highly beautiful, which have scarcely any variety at all."—Id. "Yet they sometimes follow them."—Emmons cor. "For I know of nothing more important in the whole subject, than this doctrine of mood and tense."—R. Johnson cor. "It is by no means impossible for an error to be avoided or suppressed."—Philol. Museum cor. "These are things of the highest importance to children and youth."—Murray cor. "He ought to have omitted the word many." Or: "He might better have omitted the word many."—Dr. Blair cor. "Which might better have been separated." Or: "Which ought rather to have been separated."—Id. "Figures and metaphors, therefore, should never be used profusely."—Id. and Jam. cor. "Metaphors, or other figures, should never be used in too great abundance."—Murray and Russell cor. "Something like this has been alleged against Tacitus."— Bolingbroke cor.
"O thou, whom all mankind in vain withstand,
Who with the blood of each must one day stain thy hand!"
—Sheffield cor.
LESSON XII.—OF TWO ERRORS.
"Pronouns sometimes precede the terms which they represent."—L. Murray cor. "Most prepositions originally denoted relations of place."—Lowth cor. "WHICH is applied to brute animals, and to things without life."—Bullions cor. "What thing do they describe, or of what do they tell the kind?"—Inf. S. Gram. cor. "Iron cannons, as well as brass, are now universally cast solid."—Jamieson cor. "We have philosophers, more eminent perhaps than those of any other nation."—Dr. Blair cor. "This is a question about words only, and one which common sense easily determines."—Id. "The low pitch of the voice, is that which approaches to a whisper."—Id. "Which, as to the effect, is just the same as to use no such distinctions at all."—Id. "These two systems, therefore, really differ from each other but very little."—Id. "It is needless to give many instances, as examples occur so often."—Id. "There are many occasions on which this is neither requisite nor proper."—Id. "Dramatic poetry divides itself into two forms, comedy and tragedy."—Id. "No man ever rhymed with more exactness than he." [I.e., than Roscommon.]—Editor of Waller cor. "The Doctor did not reap from his poetical labours a profit equal to that of his prose."—Johnson cor. "We will follow that which we find our fathers practised." Or: "We will follow that which we find to have been our fathers' practice."—Sale cor. "And I should deeply regret that I had published them."—Inf. S. Gram. cor. "Figures exhibit ideas with more vividness and power, than could be given them by plain language."—Kirkham cor. "The allegory is finely drawn, though the heads are various."—Spect. cor. "I should not have thought it worthy of this place." Or: "I should not have thought it worthy of being placed here."—Crombie cor. "In this style, Tacitus excels all other writers, ancient or modern."—Kames cor. "No other author, ancient or modern, possesses the art of dialogue so completely as Shakspeare."— Id. "The names of all the things we see, hear, smell, taste, or feel, are nouns."—Inf. S. Gram. cor. "Of what number are the expressions, 'these boys,' 'these pictures,' &c.?"—Id. "This sentence has faults somewhat like those of the last."—Dr. Blair cor. "Besides perspicuity, he pursues propriety, purity, and precision, in his language; which qualities form one degree, and no inconsiderable one, of beauty."—Id. "Many critical terms have unfortunately been employed in a sense too loose and vague; none with less precision, than the word sublime."—Id. "Hence no word in the language is used with a more vague signification, than the word beauty."—Id. "But still, in speech, he made use of general terms only."—Id. "These give life, body, and colouring, to the facts recited; and enable us to conceive of them as present, and passing before our eyes."—Id. "Which carried an ideal chivalry to a still more extravagant height, than the adventurous spirit of knighthood had ever attained in fact."—Id. "We write much more supinely, and with far less labour, than did the ancients."—Id. "This appears indeed to form the characteristical difference between the ancient poets, orators, and historians, and the modern."—Id. "To violate this rule, as the English too often do, shows great incorrectness."—Id. "It is impossible, by means of any training, to prevent them from appearing stiff and forced."—Id. "And it also gives to the speaker the disagreeable semblance of one who endeavours to compel assent."—Id. "And whenever a light or ludicrous anecdote is proper to be recorded, it is generally better to throw it into a note, than to run the hazard of becoming too familiar."—Id. "It is the great business of this life, to prepare and qualify ourselves for the enjoyment of a better."—L. Murray cor. "From some dictionaries, accordingly, it was omitted; and in others it is stigmatized as a barbarism."—Crombie cor. "You cannot see a thing, or think of one, the name of which is not a noun."—Mack cor. "All the fleet have arrived, and are moored in safety." Or better: "The whole fleet has arrived, and is moored in safety."—L. Murray cor.
LESSON XIII.—OF TWO ERRORS.
"They have severally their distinct and exactly-limited relations to gravity."—Hasler cor. "But where the additional s would give too much of the hissing sound, the omission takes place even in prose."—L. Murray cor. "After o, it [the w] is sometimes not sounded at all; and sometimes it is sounded like a single u."—Lowth cor. "It is situation chiefly, that decides the fortunes and characters of men."—Hume cor.; also Murray. "The vice of covetousness is that [vice] which enters more deeply into the soul than any other."—Murray et al. cor. "Of all vices, covetousness enters the most deeply into the soul."—Iid. "Of all the vices, covetousness is that which enters the most deeply into the soul."—Campbell cor. "The vice of covetousness is a fault which enters more deeply into the soul than any other."—Guardian cor. "WOULD primarily denotes inclination of will; and SHOULD, obligation: but they vary their import, and are often used to express simple events." Or:—"but both of them vary their import," &c. Or:—"but both vary their import, and are used to express simple events."—Lowth, Murray, et al. cor.; also Comly and Ingersoll; likewise Abel Flint. "A double condition, in two correspondent clauses of a sentence, is sometimes made by the word HAD; as, 'Had he done this, he had escaped.'"—Murray and Ingersoll cor. "The pleasures of the understanding are preferable to those of the imagination, as well as to those of sense."—L. Murray cor. "Claudian, in a fragment upon the wars of the giants, has contrived to render this idea of their throwing of the mountains, which in itself has so much grandeur, burlesque and ridiculous."—Dr. Blair cor. "To which not only no other writings are to be preferred, but to which, even in divers respects, none are comparable."—Barclay cor. "To distinguish them in the understanding, and treat of their several natures, in the same cool manner that we use with regard to other ideas."—Sheridan cor. "For it has nothing to do with parsing, or the analyzing of language."—Kirkham cor. Or: "For it has nothing to do with the parsing, or analyzing, of language."—Id. "Neither has that language [the Latin] ever been so common in Britain."—Swift cor. "All that I purpose, is, to give some openings into the pleasures of taste."—Dr. Blair cor. "But the following sentences would have been better without it."—L. Murray cor. "But I think the following sentence would be better without it." Or: "But I think it should be expunged from the following sentence."— Priestley cor. "They appear, in this case, like ugly excrescences jutting out from the body."—Dr. Blair cor. "And therefore the fable of the Harpies, in the third book of the Æneid, and the allegory of Sin and Death, in the second book of Paradise Lost, ought not to have been inserted in these celebrated poems."—Id. "Ellipsis is an elegant suppression, or omission, of some word or words, belonging to a sentence."—Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor. "The article A or AN is not very proper in this construction."—D. Blair cor. "Now suppose the articles had not been dropped from these passages."—Bucke cor. "To have given a separate name to every one of those trees, would have been an endless and impracticable undertaking."—Blair cor. "Ei, in general, has the same sound as long and slender a." Or better: "Ei generally has the sound of long or slender a."—L. Murray cor. "When a conjunction is used with apparent redundance, the insertion of it is called Polysyndeton."—Adam and Gould cor. "EACH, EVERY, EITHER, and NEITHER, denote the persons or things that make up a number, as taken separately or distributively."—M'Culloch cor. "The principal sentence must be expressed by a verb in the indicative, imperative, or potential mood"—S. W. Clark cor. "Hence he is diffuse, where he ought to be urgent."—Dr. Blair cor. "All sorts of subjects admit of explanatory comparisons."—Id. et al. cor. "The present or imperfect participle denotes being, action, or passion, continued, and not perfected."—Kirkham cor. "What are verbs? Those words which chiefly express what is said of things."—Fowle cor.
"Of all those arts in which the wise excel,
The very masterpiece is writing-well."—Sheffield cor.
"Such was that muse whose rules and practice tell,
That art's chief masterpiece is writing-well."—Pope cor.
LESSON XIV.—OF THREE ERRORS.
"From some words, the metaphorical sense has justled out the original sense altogether; so that, in respect to the latter, they have become obsolete."—Campbell cor. "Surely, never any other mortal was so overwhelmed with grief, as I am at this present moment."—Sheridan cor. "All languages differ from one an other in their modes of inflection."—Bullions cor. "The noun and the verb are the only indispensable parts of speech: the one, to express the subject spoken of; and the other, the predicate, or what is affirmed of the subject."—M'Culloch cor. "The words Italicized in the last three examples, perform the office of substantives."—L. Murray cor. "A sentence so constructed is always a mark of carelessness in the writer."—Dr. Blair cor. "Nothing is more hurtful to the grace or the vivacity of a period, than superfluous and dragging words at the conclusion."—Id. "When its substantive is not expressed with it, but is referred to, being understood."—Lowth cor. "Yet they always have substantives belonging to them, either expressed or understood."—Id. "Because they define and limit the import of the common names, or general terms, to which they refer."—Id. "Every new object surprises them, terrifies them, and makes a strong impression on their minds."—Dr. Blair cor. "His argument required a more full development, in order to be distinctly apprehended, and to have its due force."—Id. "Those participles which are derived from active-transitive verbs, will govern the objective case, as do the verbs from which they are derived."—Emmons cor. "Where, in violation of the rule, the objective case whom follows the verb, while the nominative I precedes it."—L. Murray cor. "To use, after the same conjunction, both the indicative and the subjunctive mood, in the same sentence, and under the same circumstances, seems to be a great impropriety."—Lowth, Murray, et al. cor. "A nice discernment of the import of words, and an accurate attention to the best usage, are necessary on these occasions."—L. Murray cor. "The Greeks and Romans, the former especially, were, in truth, much more musical than we are; their genius was more turned to take delight in the melody of speech."—Dr. Blair cor. "In general, if the sense admits it early, the sooner a circumstance is introduced, the better; that the more important and significant words may possess the last place, and be quite disencumbered."—Murray et al. cor.; also Blair and Jamieson. "Thus we find it in both the Greek and the Latin tongue."—Dr. Blair cor. "Several sentences, constructed in the same manner, and having the same number of members, should never be allowed to come in succession."— Blair et al. cor. "I proceed to lay down the rules to be observed in the conduct of metaphors; and these, with little variation, will be applicable to tropes of every kind."—Dr. Blair cor. "By selecting words with a proper regard to their sounds, we may often imitate other sounds which we mean to describe."—Dr. Blair and L. Mur. cor. "The disguise can scarcely be so perfect as to deceive."—Dr. Blair cor. "The sense does not admit of any other pause, than one after the second syllable 'sit;' this therefore must be the only pause made in the reading."—Id. "Not that I believe North America to have been first peopled so lately as in the twelfth century, the period of Madoc's migration."—Webster cor. "Money and commodities will always flow to that country in which they are most wanted, and in which they will command the most profit."—Id. "That it contains no visible marks of certain articles which are of the utmost importance to a just delivery."—Sheridan cor. "And Virtue, from her beauty, we call a fair and favourite maid."—Mack cor. "The definite article may relate to nouns of either number."—Inf. S. Gram. cor.
LESSON XV.—OF MANY ERRORS.
(1.) "Compound words are[, by L. Murray and others, improperly] included among the derivatives."—L. Murray corrected. (2.) "The Apostrophe, placed above the line, thus ', is used to abbreviate or shorten words. But its chief use is, to denote the possessive case of nouns."—Id. (3.) "The Hyphen, made thus -, connects the parts of compound words. It is also used when a word is divided."—Id. (4.) "The Acute Accent, made thus ´, denotes the syllable on which stress is laid, and sometimes also, that the vowel is short: as, 'Fáncy.' The Grave Accent, made thus `, usually denotes, (when applied to English words,) that the stress is laid where a vowel ends the syllable: as, 'Fàvour.'"—Id. (5.) "The stress is laid on long vowels or syllables, and on short ones, indiscriminately. In order to distinguish the long or open vowels from the close or short ones, some writers of dictionaries have placed the grave accent on the former, and the acute on the latter."—Id. (6.) "The Diæresis, thus made ¨, is placed over one of two contiguous vowels, to show that they are not a diphthong."—Id. (7.) "The Section, made thus §, is sometimes used to mark the subdivisions of a discourse or chapter."—Id. (8.) "The Paragraph, made thus ¶, sometimes denotes the beginning of a new subject, or of a passage not connected with the text preceding. This character is now seldom used [for such a purpose], except in the Old and New Testaments." Or better:—"except in the Bible."—Id. (9.) "The Quotation Points, written thus " ", mark the beginning and the end of what is quoted or transcribed from some speaker or author, in his own words. In type, they are inverted commas at the beginning, apostrophes at the conclusion."—Id. (10.) "The Brace was formerly used in poetry at the end of a triplet, or where three lines rhymed together in heroic verse; it also serves to connect several terms with one, when the one is common to all, and thus to prevent a repetition of the common term."—Id. (11.) "Several asterisks put together, generally denote the omission of some letters belonging to a word, or of some bold or indelicate expression; but sometimes they imply a defect in the manuscript from which the text is copied."—Id. (12.) "The Ellipsis, made thus ——, or thus ****, is used where some letters of a word, or some words of a verse, are omitted."—Id. (13.) "The Obelisk, which is made thus [Obelisk]; and the Parallels, which are made thus ||; and sometimes the letters of the alphabet; and also the Arabic figures; are used as references to notes in the margin, or at the bottom, of the page."—Id. (14.) "The note of interrogation should not be employed, where it is only said that a question has been asked, and where the words are not used as a question; as, 'The Cyprians asked me why I wept.'"—Id. et al. cor. (15.) "The note of interrogation is improper after mere expressions of admiration, or of any other emotion, though they may bear the form of questions."—Iid. (16.) "The parenthesis incloses something which is thrown into the body of a sentence, in an under tone; and which affects neither the sense, nor the construction, of the main text."—Lowth cor. (17.) "Simple members connected by a relative not used restrictively, or by a conjunction that implies comparison, are for the most part divided by the comma."—Id. (18.) "Simple members, or sentences, connected as terms of comparison, are for the most part separated by the comma."—L. Murray et al. cor. (19.) "Simple sentences connected by a comparative particle, are for the most part divided by the comma."—Russell cor. (20.) "Simple sentences or clauses connected to form a comparison, should generally be parted by the comma."—Merchant cor. (21.) "The simple members of sentences that express contrast or comparison, should generally be divided by the comma."—Jaudon cor. (22.) "The simple members of a comparative sentence, when they are long, are separated by a comma."—Cooper cor. (23.) "Simple sentences connected to form a comparison, or phrases placed in opposition, or contrast, are usually separated by the comma."—Hiley and Bullions cor. (24.) "On whichever word we lay the emphasis,—whether on the first, the second, the third, or the fourth,—every change of it strikes out a different sense."—L. Murray cor. (25.) "To say to those who do not understand sea phrases, 'We tacked to the larboard, and stood off to sea,' would give them little or no information."—Murray and Hiley cor. (26.) "Of those dissyllables which are sometimes nouns and sometimes verbs, it may be observed, that the verb is commonly accented on the latter syllable, and the noun on the former."—L. Murray cor. (27.) "And this gives to our language an advantage over most others, in the poetical or rhetorical style."—Id. et al. cor. (28.) "And this gives to the English language an advantage over most others, in the poetical and the rhetorical style."—Lowth cor. (29.) "The second and the third scholar may read the same sentence; or as many may repeat the text, as are necessary to teach it perfectly to the whole class."—Osborn cor.
(30.) "Bliss is the same, in subject, or in king,
In who obtain defence, or who defend."
—Pope's Essay on Man, IV, 58.