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The Gyroscopic Compass: A Non-Mathematical Treatment cover

The Gyroscopic Compass: A Non-Mathematical Treatment

Chapter 22: INDEX
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About This Book

The text explains the principles and practical construction of the gyroscopic compass in a non-mathematical manner, beginning with elementary gyroscopic behavior and the effect of the Earth's rotation. It develops how damping is applied to control vibrations and compares damping systems used by major builders, illustrating mechanical features and control mechanisms. Sources of systematic error, including latitude error, north-steaming error, ballistic deflection, and quadrantal error, are analyzed and methods for their correction are presented, with attention to centrifugal forces and ship motion. Numerous figures and device plans accompany descriptions of different compass mountings and complete instruments to aid understanding for practitioners and engineers.

INDEX

  • Absence of latitude error in Anschütz (1912) compass, 158
  • Absence of latitude error in Brown compass, 66
  • Action of excentric pin in Sperry compass, 55 et seq.
  • Air-blast pressure, Brown compass, 61
  • Anschütz (1910) compass—
  • Air-blast damping system, 42 et seq.
  • Damping curve, 50
  • Latitude error, cause of, 65
  • — — correction for, 67
  • — — value of, 68
  • Magnitude of directive force at equator, 23
  • Non-gyroscopic details, 138
  • Period of vibration of axle, 33, 37
  • Peripheral speed of wheel, 47
  • Quadrantal error, 96, 107, 120
  • Weight, diameter, and speed of wheel, 23
  • Weight of sensitive element, 30
  • Wheel tested to destruction, 140
  • Anschütz (1912) compass—
  • Absence of latitude error, 158
  • Directive force, value of, 125
  • Fourth gyro type, 128
  • Gyro-wheels, details of, 159
  • Non-gyroscopic details, 154
  • Oil damping system, 156
  • Quadrantal error, 107, 120, 126
  • Repeater compasses, 162
  • Temperature rise, 160
  • Weight, diameter, and speed of wheels, 123
  • Ballistic deflection and error, 81 et seq.
  • Ballistic deflection, dead-beat, 87
  • Ballistic deflection, tests by British Admiralty, 89
  • Ballistic gyro, Sperry compass, 111
  • Brown compass—
  • Absence of latitude error, 66
  • Air-blast pressure, 61
  • Compensator weights, 134
  • Damping bottles, 61
  • — system, 59 et seq.
  • Generation of directive force, 116
  • Magnitude of directive force at equator, 23
  • Non-gyroscopic details, 148
  • Oil control bottles, 113
  • On due west course, 117
  • Quadrantal error, 113, 126
  • Repeater compasses, 154, 162
  • Weight, diameter, and speed of wheel, 23
  • Weight of sensitive element, 30
  • Centrifugal forces during quadrantal rolling, 130 et seq.
  • Clock, gyroscopic, 16
  • Compensator weights, 134
  • Correction mechanism for latitude and north steaming errors, 75
  • Course correction or cosine ring, 77
  • Damped and free motion of gyro-axle, 49
  • Damped and undamped vibrations, 35 et seq.
  • Damping curve, 50
  • — systems, 42, 43, 52, 59, 156
  • — vibrations of gyro-compass, 29
  • Dead-beat ballistic deflection, 87
  • Details of gyro-wheels, 23, 159
  • Directive force, value of, at equator, 23, 125
  • Directive force, effective, 28
  • Effect of rolling on due west course, 93, 98, 99
  • Effect of rolling on due north course, 94
  • Effect of rolling on north-west course, 101
  • Elementary gyro-compass, 18
  • — — at equator, 20, 26
  • — — at 55 deg. N. lat., 24
  • — — near North Pole, 26
  • Elementary gyroscope at equator, 15
  • Elementary gyroscopic phenomena, 4 et seq.
  • Elimination of the quadrantal error, 107
  • Excentric pin, action of, 55 et seq.
  • — — stabilisation of, 110, 112
  • External gimbal mounting, 13, 97
  • Fourth gyro type of Anschütz compass, 128
  • Free and damped motion of gyro-axle, 49
  • Friction, solid and fluid, 39, 40
  • Generation of directive force, 18, 116
  • German submarines, 96, 120, 128
  • Gimbal mounting, external, 13, 97
  • Gyro-axle, free and damped motion of, 49
  • Gyroscope at equator, 15
  • — with three degrees of freedom, 4 et seq.
  • Gyroscope and rotation of the earth, 15
  • Gyroscopic compass at equator, 20, 26
  • Gyroscopic compass at 55 deg. N. lat., 24
  • Gyroscopic compass near North Pole, 26
  • Gyroscopic phenomena, elementary, 4 et seq.
  • Gyro-wheels, details of, 23, 159
  • Latitude bail corrector, 69
  • — corrector dial, 76
  • — error, 65
  • — — absence of, 66, 158
  • — — cause of, 65, 66
  • — — correction of, 67, 75
  • — — value of, 68, 69, 75
  • Magnetic compass, 1, 23, 30
  • Magnitude of directive force at equator, 23, 125
  • North steaming error, 70
  • — — — correction mechanism, 75
  • — — — value of, 74, 79
  • Oil control bottles, 113
  • — damping system, 156
  • Pendulum, simple, 31, 81
  • Period of rolling of a ship, 95
  • — — vibration of gyro-axle, 33, 37, 88
  • Peripheral speed of gyro-wheel, 47
  • Phantom ring, 53
  • Quadrantal error, 91, 96, 107, 120
  • Quadrantal error, elimination of, 107, 108, 113, 120, 126
  • Quadrantal error, value of, 107
  • — rolling, centrifugal forces during, 130 et seq.
  • Repeater compasses, 79, 80, 146, 152, 162
  • Rolling of a ship, period of, 95
  • — on due north course, 93, 98, 99
  • — — — west course, 94
  • — — north-west course, 101
  • — quadrantal, centrifugal forces during, 130 et seq.
  • Rotation of the earth and the gyroscope, 15
  • Simple pendulum, 31, 81
  • Sperry compass—
  • Bail, 54
  • Ballistic gyro, 111
  • Compensator weights, 134
  • Course corrector or cosine ring, 77
  • Damping system, 52
  • Directive force, magnitude at equator, 23
  • Excentric pin, action of, 55 et seq.
  • Excentric pin, stabilisation of, 110, 112
  • Latitude bail corrector, 69
  • — corrector dial, 76
  • — error, cause of, 66
  • — — correction of, 67, 75
  • Latitude error, value of, 69
  • Non-gyroscopic details, 142
  • North steaming error, correction of, 75, et seq.
  • On north-west course, 108
  • Phantom ring, 53
  • Quadrantal error, 108, 126
  • Repeater compasses, 146
  • Speed correction dial, 77
  • Vacuum in wheel casing, 52
  • Weight, diameter, and speed of wheel, 23
  • Weight of sensitive element, 30
  • Submarines, German, 96, 120, 128
  • Temperature rise in Anschütz compass, 160
  • Test of Anschütz wheel to destruction, 140
  • Vacuum in Sperry casing, 52
  • Vibration period of Anschütz compass, 33, 37
  • Vibration period of gyro-axle, standard, 88
  • Vibrations, damped and undamped, 35 et seq.
  • Weight, diameter, and speed of gyro-wheel, 23, 123
  • Weight of sensitive element, 30

Printed in Great Britain at
The Mayflower Press, Plymouth. William Brendon & Son, Ltd.