WeRead Powered by ReaderPub
The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman Conquest cover

The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman Conquest

Chapter 37: INDEX.
By Thomas Hodgkin
Open in WeRead

Explore more books like this:

Archaeology & AnthropologyHistory - AncientHistory - British

About This Book

The work traces the political development of England from prehistoric settlements through classical-contact and Roman occupation to the eve of the Norman Conquest, surveying archaeological evidence, early tribal polities, external invasions, the establishment of imperial administration, local resistance and accommodation, and the gradual transformation of institutions. It emphasizes political institutions and chronologies while integrating religious, social, intellectual, and economic contexts, and provides scholarly apparatus including maps, genealogies, and appendices on sources to guide further study. Written as the first volume of a multi-author twelve-volume history, it aims to synthesize recent research for a general readership.

INDEX.

  • Abercorn (Aebbercurnig), 192.
  • Abingdon, monastery at, 355, 419.
  • Acha of Deira, wife of Ethelfrid, 133, 153.
  • Adamnan, Abbot of Iona, 148, 151, 157.
  • Adela, daughter of William the Norman, 469, 476.
  • Adminius, son of Cymbeline, 28.
  • Adolf, son of Baldwin of Flanders, 330.
  • Ad Murum, royal villa at, 169, 175.
  • Aelfredes and Guthrumes Frith, 286–288.
  • Aelfric, Archbishop of Canterbury, 452.
  • Aelle, King of Deira, 94, 115, 133, 135, 171.
  • Aelle, King of Sussex, 89, 90, 110, 126.
  • Aesc, King of Kent, 88, 89.
  • “Aestel,” clasp or bookmarker? 292.
  • Aetius, 96, 97.
  • Agatha, wife of Etheling Edward, 461.
  • Agatho, Pope, 203.
  • Agilbert, Bishop, 182, 183, 193, 196.
  • Agricola, Calpurnius, 58.
  • Agricola, Gnæus Julius, conquers Ordovices, 47;
  • fortifies North of England, 50;
  • his Caledonian campaign, 50;
  • recalled to Rome, 50.
  • Aidan, King of the Scots, 133, 134, 148.
  • Aidan, missionary bishop, 155–169, 181, 182, 198.
  • Albinus, Abbot of Canterbury, 86.
  • Albinus, British usurper defeated at Lyons, 59.
  • Albion, 6, 9.
  • Alchfleda, daughter of Oswy, 168.
  • Alchfrid, son of Oswy, 168, 170–172, 180, 182, 183.
  • Alclyde. See Dumbarton, 130, 246.
  • Alcuin, Northumbrian scholar, 237, 252, 258, 498.
  • Aldfrid the Learned, 208.
  • Aldgyth, daughter of Elfgar, 467, 471.
  • Aldhelm, Abbot of Malmesbury, 178, 241.
  • Aldhun, Bishop of Lindisfarne, first Bishop of Durham, 406–408.
  • Alexander II., Pope, blesses Norman invasion, 476.
  • Alfhild, mother of Magnus of Norway, 444.
  • Alfred the Great, King of the English, birth (in 848?) at Wantage, 272;
  • journey to Rome (in 853), 272;
  • (in 855), 268, 273;
  • story of the book of poetry given to him, 273;
  • “secundarius” under his brother Ethelred, 275;
  • fights with the Danes at Ashdown, 279;
  • his accession to the throne (871), 281;
  • in hiding at Athelney, 283;
  • conquers the Danes, peace with Guthrum, 285;
  • renewed fighting and peace with Guthrum, 287;
  • family life, 289;
  • feeble health, 290;
  • literary culture, 291;
  • translation of the Regula Pastoralis, 292;
  • of Orosius, 293;
  • his connection with the Saxon Chronicle, 295;
  • translation of Bede’s Ecclesiastical History, 295;
  • of Boethius, 296;
  • expenditure, 298;
  • mission to India? 299;
  • laws, 299–395;
  • last wars with the Danes (892–896), 306–313;
  • death, 314;
  • buried in the New Minster, 314.
  • Alfred, an ealdorman, 304.
  • Alfred, son of Ethelred the Redeless, 386, 392, 418–420.
  • Alfwin, King of Deira, 191, 202.
  • Alfwold, defender of monks, 361.
  • Allectus, assassinates Carausius, 65;
  • slain by Constantius Chlorus, 66.
  • Aller, Guthrum baptised at, 285.
  • Alphege (or Elfheah), Archbishop, 384, 389, 390.
  • Amber, a measure, perhaps four bushels, 226.
  • Ambrosius, Aurelianus, 98, 99, 102, 103, 107.
  • Ammianus Marcellinus, historian, 52, 72, 73, 495.
  • Anastasius, anti-pope, 269.
  • Anatolius, cycle of, 185.
  • Anderida (Andredesceaster), 89, 110, 138, 483.
  • Andover, treaty with Danes at, 384.
  • Andraste, Celtic goddess, 40.
  • Andredesleag, or Andredesweald, forest of, 89, 177, 308.
  • Angles, 79–81, 114, 157.
  • Anglesey, or Mona, 35, 38, 47, 131, 138.
  • Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 87–94, 245–482 passim, 498–500, 505.
  • Anglo-Saxon money, 232–235.
  • Anjou, origin of Counts of, 370.
  • Anlaf, King of Irish Danes, 333.
  • Anlaf, son of Guthred, 332.
  • Anlaf, son of Sihtric, 333, 340.
  • Anna, King of East Anglia, 162–164, 174, 176.
  • Annales Cambriæ, 100, 506.
  • Antoninus Pius, Emperor, builds a wall of turf, 58, 94, 334.
  • Apollinaris Sidonius, Bishop of Clermont, 71, 84, 106.
  • Appach, on Cæsar’s British Expeditions, 24.
  • Appledore, Cæsar’s landing-place? 24;
  • Danish attacks, 307, 308.
  • Arcadius, Emperor, 72.
  • Archbishop of Mercia at Lichfield, 250.
  • Ari, an Icelandic scholar, 504.
  • Armorica. See Brittany.
  • Arnulf, King of the Franks, 306.
  • Arnulf the Old, Count of Flanders, 352, 369.
  • Arpad the Hungarian, 258.
  • Arthur, or Artorius, 104, 105, 107, 132.
  • Asclepiodotus, Pretorian Prefect, 66 n.
  • Ashdown (Aescesdune), 178, 278.
  • “Ashes,” Danish ships, 312.
  • Assandune, battle of, 383, 397.
  • Asser, Alfred’s biographer, 255, 272, 277, 284 n., 291, 292, 500.
  • Athelney, island of, 283, 284, 291, 295.
  • Athelstan, son of Edward the Elder (924–940), 328;
  • connection with rulers of France and Germany, 330;
  • friendship with Scandinavian powers, 331;
  • “lord of all Britain,” 332, 333;
  • battle of Brunanburh, 334–336;
  • his person and character, 337;
  • prayer of, 338;
  • death and burial, 338;
  • laws of, 425, 438.
  • Athelstan, Bishop of Hereford, 466.
  • Athelstan, son of Egbert, 265.
  • Athelstan, the half-king, 347, 352.
  • Athelstan, West Saxon almoner, 299.
  • Ath-fultum, or oath-helping, 229.
  • Atrebates, British tribe, 10.
  • Attacotti, allies of Picts and Scots, 68.
  • Attila, his raids a possible cause of Saxon migration, 97, 107, 109, 112.
  • Augustine, his mission, 118–125.
  • Augustine’s Oak, conference at, 123.
  • Avonmouth, 455.
  • Aylesbury (Aegelesburh), 92.
  • Aylesford, battle of, 88.
  • Avalon, vale of, 178.
  • Axminster (Ascanmynster), 74.
  • Badbury (Baddanburh), Ethelwald’s rebellion begins at, 319.
  • Badon. See Mount Badon.
  • Bagseg, Danish king, 279.
  • Bakewell (Badecanwiellon), 323, 326.
  • Baldred, King of Kent, 264.
  • Baldwin I. of Flanders marries Judith, widow of King Ethelbald, 274.
  • Baldwin II. of Flanders marries Elfrida, daughter of Alfred, 289.
  • Baldwin V. of Flanders, 418, 420, 450, 455, 471.
  • Baldwin’s land, 445, 450, 451, 455, 458, 477.
  • Bamburgh (Bebbanburh), built by Ida, 94, 132, 133, 153, 154, 175, 247, 281, 332, 408.
  • Bangor, monastery in Flint, 122, 124, 135.
  • Barbury (Beranbyrig), battle of, 91.
  • Bardney (Beardanig), monastery of, 159, 173.
  • Basileus, Athelstan’s title, 336, 339.
  • Basing, Danish victory at, 280.
  • Bass, a thegn of Edwin, 145.
  • Bates, Cadwallader J., 132, 170 n.
  • Bath (Bathanceaster), 92, 356, 392.
  • Battle Abbey, 490, 491.
  • Bayeux, Tapestry of, 468, 475, 484, 469, 488, 491, 506.
  • Beaurain, Harold, imprisoned at, 468.
  • Beddoe, Dr. John, 493.
  • Bede, the Venerable, 82, 85, 86, 88 n., 90, 114, 117 n., 120, 125, 133, 141 n., 156, 187, 189, 237–240, 497.
  • Bedford (Bedcanford), 92, 323.
  • Belgæ, a British tribe, 10, 91.
  • Belisarius, scoffing allusion to Britain, 113.
  • Benedict Biscop, 237, 238.
  • Benedictines, 115, 148, 155, 195, 354.
  • Benedict III., Pope, 269.
  • Benfleet (Beamfleot), Danish fort at, 309.
  • Bensington, Offa’s victory over Wessex at, 250.
  • Beorn, son of Ulf, 448, 450, 451.
  • Beorthelm, Archbishop, 352.
  • Beorhtric, King of Wessex, 254.
  • Beornwulf usurps the throne of Wessex, 264.
  • Beowulf, poem of, 228.
  • Bericus, an exiled British prince, 30.
  • Berkshire, the wood of Berroc, 272.
  • Bernhaeth, a leader of the Picts, 191.
  • Bernicia, kingdom of, 80, 94, 130–132, 134, 137, 160, 171, 179, 247, 281, 332, 408, 422.
  • Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne, negotiations for her marriage with Ecgferth, son of Offa, 252.
  • Bertha, wife of Ethelbert of Kent, 117, 121, 127, 139.
  • Berthfrid, regent of Bernicia, besieged in Bamburgh, 210.
  • Bertwald, Archbishop of Canterbury, 211, 219.
  • Bewcastle Cross, 172.
  • Bideford Bay, Danes defeated at, 284.
  • Billingsley, conference at, 466.
  • Birinus, apostle of Wessex, 158, 161, 162, 179.
  • Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, 338 n., 508.
  • Blois, Counts of, 370.
  • Boadicea (Boudicca), Queen of the Iceni, 40, 42, 43.
  • Boduni, a British tribe, 31.
  • Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy, translated by Alfred, 296, 297.
  • Boniface, Archdeacon, Wilfrid’s teacher, 184.
  • Boniface (Wynfrith), apostle of the Germans, 203, 236, 237, 248, 250, 498.
  • Boniface V., Pope, 141.
  • “Bookland,” 304.
  • Border of Scotland fixed, 409.
  • Borh, association, 439.
  • Bosham, 450, 455, 468.
  • Bothgowanan, Duncan murdered at, 462.
  • Boulogne (Gesoriacum), 23, 64, 65, 67, 307, 418.
  • Bovate or oxgang, 223.
  • Brachy-cephalic or square-headed race, 7.
  • Bradford-on-Avon (Bradanford), Cenwalh defeats “Walas” at, 178.
  • Brandon Camp, perhaps the work of Ostorius, 35.
  • Brecon stormed by the English, 322.
  • Brentford (Bregentford), Danes defeated at, 396.
  • Bretwaldas or Brytenwealdas, 126, 138, 157.
  • Bridgnorth (Brycg), Danish “work” at, 311;
  • Saxon “burh” at, 321.
  • Brigantes, a British tribe, 35, 36, 46, 48.
  • Bright, Dr., referred to, 188 n., 211, 507.
  • Brihtnoth, hero of Maldon, 362, 378, 379.
  • Brihtric, brother of Edric Streona, 388, 389.
  • Bristol, 455, 467.
  • Britain, Cæsar’s description of, 19.
  • Britannia, Roman Diocese of, 70, 132.
  • British coinage, 20.
  • Brittany, 83, 106, 469, 475.
  • Brochmail, a British king, 135.
  • Bromesberrow, fortress built by Ethelfled, 321.
  • Bromnis, royal city of, 204.
  • Bronze Age, 5.
  • Bruce, Dr., historian of the Roman wall, 55.
  • Brude, a Pictish king, 148.
  • Brunanburh (? Burnswark), battle of, 334–337.
  • Brut, a fictitious king, 101 n., 105.
  • Brut-y-Saesson, 506.
  • Brut-y-Tywysogion, Welsh Chronicle quoted, 153, 357, 506.
  • Bryhtwine, Bishop of Sherborne, 405.
  • Brythons, 6, 108.
  • Buckingham (Buccingaham), King of Scots at, 337.
  • Bunbury, Mr., on Pytheas, 8.
  • Burford, Mercians defeated at, 249.
  • “Burg-ware,” 310, 311.
  • Burh, Burg, Borough, 429–432;
  • Burh-bryce, 430;
  • burhs founded by Ethelfled and Edward, 431;
  • Burh-gemôt, 429.
  • Burhred, King of Mercia, 267, 276, 281.
  • Bury St. Edmund’s (Beadoricesworth), abbey of, 277, 278, 393, 405.
  • Butse-carlas, common sailors, 458, 477.
  • Buttington, Danes defeated at, 310.
  • Cadwalla, King of Wessex, 178, 214–216.
  • Cadwallader the Blessed, 153.
  • Cadwallon, King of Gwynedd, 144, 145, 151, 153, 154, 160.
  • Cadvan, a Welsh king, 136, 144.
  • Caedmon, a Northumbrian poet, 180, 240.
  • Caer Caradoc, Caratacus defeated at, 35.
  • Caerleon-upon-Usk (Isca), 41, 42, 55, 71, 74, 357.
  • Cæsar, Gaius Julius, 9, 494;
  • first invasion of Britain, 11–16;
  • second invasion, 16–19;
  • description of Britain, 19, 20;
  • points of arrival and departure in expeditions to Britain, 23, 24.
  • Caledonia, 60, 79, 132, 134.
  • Caligula’s pretended conquest of Britain, 28.
  • Calne, floor collapses at, 362.
  • Cambridge (Grantanbrycg), Danes at, 281, 283.
  • Camulodunum, a Roman colony, 28, 32, 39, 41, 76.
  • Camulus, a Celtic war-god, 39.
  • Caninus, British king, 99.
  • Canonici, hybrid order of, 353, 355.
  • Canute, King of England (1016–1035), lands with father, Sweyn, 391;
  • mutilates hostages at Sandwich, 394;
  • ruler of Wessex, 396;
  • victory at Assandune, peace with Edmund Ironside and Danish occupation of London, 397;
  • executes Edric Streona, 401;
  • marries Emma of Normandy, 402;
  • dismisses “the army,” 404;
  • pilgrimage to Rome, 410;
  • two expeditions to Norway, 412–415;
  • death and burial, 416, 417, 420;
  • laws of, 429, 434, 436, 439, 440.
  • Canterbury (Durovernis, Cantwaraburh), 92, 118, 119, 122, 196, 267, 355, 389, 405, 453.
  • Cantii, a British tribe, 10.
  • Caracalla, 60–62.
  • Caradoc of South Wales, 467.
  • Caratacus, 29, 31, 33, 34;
  • defeated by Ostorius, 35, 36;
  • betrayed by Cartimandua and taken to Rome, 36.
  • Carausius, Count of the Saxon shore, 64;
  • Emperor of Britain and slain by Allectus, 65.
  • Carham, English defeated at, 408, 461.
  • Carisbrook (Wihtgarasburh), 91.
  • Carlisle (Luguvallium), 207, 208, 282, 334.
  • Cartimandua, Queen of the Brigantes, 36, 37.
  • Carucate, defined, 222.
  • Cassiterides or Tin Islands, 8.
  • Cassivelaunus, a British chief, 17–19.
  • Castra Legionis (Chester or Leicester), 104.
  • Catgabail, a British king, 170.
  • Catterick (Cataractonium), 143, 167, 247, 248.
  • Catus Decianus, Roman procurator, 39, 41.
  • Catuvellauni, a British tribe, 31, 32, 58.
  • Ceadda. See St. Chad.
  • Ceawlin, King of Wessex, 92, 93, 107, 108, 117, 126, 140.
  • Cedd, a missionary, 175, 186, 188.
  • Cedred, King of Mercia, 216.
  • Celestine, Pope, 84.
  • Celtic gods, 39, 40 n., 75.
  • Celtic words in English, 111.
  • Celts, 5.
  • Cenred, father of King Ine, 219.
  • Centwine, King of Wessex, 204.
  • Cenwalh, King of Wessex, 162, 163, 177, 178, 180.
  • Cenwulf, King of Mercia, 251, 253, 263.
  • Ceol, brother of Ceawlin, 92.
  • Ceolfrid, Abbot, 189, 238.
  • Ceolred, King of Mercia, 212, 248.
  • Ceolric, brother of Ceawlin, 92, 93.
  • Ceolwulf, King of Northumbria, 245.
  • Ceolwulf, King of Wessex, 93.
  • Ceolwulf, puppet-king of Mercia, 281.
  • Ceorl, his holding of land, 223;
  • a twy-hynd man, 228;
  • gradual descent in the social scale, 441.
  • Cerdic, founder of Wessex, 90, 91, 178.
  • Cerdic, house of, its decay, 374, 461, 474.
  • Cerdices ora, 90.
  • Ceretic, an interpreter, 103.
  • Chadwick, H. M., 230 n., 231 n., 232 n., 288 n., 428 n., 508.
  • Champart, Robert, Abbot of Jumièges, Archbishop of Canterbury, 452–454, 457, 459.
  • Charford (Cerdicesford), Cerdic defeats Britons at, 91.
  • Chariots of the Britons, 15.
  • Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, 251, 252, 255, 258, 259, 263, 290, 444, 445.
  • Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, 268, 270, 370.
  • Charles the Fat (do.), 258, 306, 367.
  • Charles the Simple (do.), 330, 368.
  • Charmouth (Carrum), battles with Danes at, 265, 266.
  • Cheddar, King Edmund’s escape from death at, 347.
  • Chelsea (Cealchyth), the contentious synod at, 250.
  • Chertsey (Ceortesig) monastery purged, 355.
  • Chester (Deva, Laegeceaster), 37, 41, 125, 135, 138, 144, 153, 310, 321, 356.
  • Chesterford, Danes defeat Edred at, 342.
  • Chester-le-Street (Cuncacestre), 282, 333, 406.
  • Chichester (Cisseceaster), on site of Regnum, 90, 310.
  • Chirk (Cyric), Ethelfled builds a fortress at, 321.
  • Chippenham, royal villa at, 283, 285.
  • Christianity in Roman Britain, 75, 76.
  • Chronicle of St. Neot’s, 284 n., 501.
  • Chrodegang, Archbishop of Metz, 353.
  • Cirencester (Corinium, Cyrenceaster), 92, 161, 285.
  • Cissa, King of Sussex, 89, 90, 110.
  • Classicianus, Julius, Roman procurator, 44.
  • Claudian, poet, 496.
  • Claudius, Emperor, sends Aulus Plautius to Britain, 29, 31, 32.
  • Cledemutha (mouth of river Cleddau), Saxon burh at, 323.
  • Cluny, monastery of, 354.
  • Clyde, Firth of, 50, 58.
  • Codex Amiatinus, taken by Abbot Ceolfrid to Rome, 238.
  • Coelius Roscius, legatus of twentieth legion, 45.
  • Coenred represents Theodore at Rome, 203.
  • Cogidubnus, inscription at Chichester about, 33.
  • Coifi, a pagan priest, 141, 142, 151.
  • Coinmail, a British king, 92.
  • Coins, Macedonian, imitated by Britons, 20;
  • of British chiefs, 26, 27;
  • of Carausius, 65.
  • Colchester, 76, 323.
  • See also Camulodunum.
  • Coldingham, monastery of, 199.
  • Colman, Bishop of Lindisfarne, 182–187.
  • Coloniæ, Roman, 76, 98.
  • Colne, river, Hertfordshire, 308.
  • Columba. See Saint Columba.
  • Comes Britanniæ, 70.
  • Commius, King of the Atrebates, sent by Cæsar to Britain, 10;
  • imprisoned by Britons, 10–14;
  • attempted assassination by Labienus, 25, 26;
  • submits to Mark Antony, 26.
  • Commius coins money in Britain, 26.
  • Compurgation, 226.
  • Condidan, a British king, 92.
  • Conrad II., Emperor, 410.
  • Constans I., Emperor, 68.
  • Constans II., Emperor, 195.
  • Constantine, Emperor, 67, 121.
  • Constantine, British king, 99.
  • Constantine, usurper, 72, 95.
  • Constantine II., Scottish king, 327, 333, 337.
  • Constantius, a presbyter, 83, 496.
  • Constantius Chlorus, Emperor, 64–67.
  • Coote, H. C., 508.
  • Corbett, W. J., 428 n.
  • Corbridge (Corstopitum), 247, 248.
  • Corfe, murder of Edward the Martyr at, 363.
  • Cornwall. See West Wales.
  • Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, 495.
  • Cosham, Ethelred the Redeless sick at, 395.
  • Cotsetla (cottager), 437.
  • Counties of England, formation of, 432, 433.
  • Coventina, goddess, 56.
  • Crayford (Crecganford), Britons defeated at, 89.
  • Cricklade (Cricgelad), Danes at, 320.
  • Crida, death of, 93.
  • Crowland or Croyland, sanctuary of, 248.
  • Cuichelm, West Saxon prince, death of, 93.
  • Cumberland (see also Strathclyde), 6, 108, 317, 341, 356, 385.
  • Cunedag, King of North Wales, 102, 131.
  • Cuneglas, a British king, 99.
  • Cunobelinus (Cymbeline), a British king, 25, 28, 29, 32.
  • Cutha, son of Cynric, 92, 93.
  • Cuthbert. See St. Cuthbert.
  • Cuthred, kinsman of Cynegils of Wessex, 177.
  • Cuthred II., of Wessex, 247.
  • Cuthwine, brother of Ceawlin, 92.
  • Cwichelm, King of Wessex, 140, 161.
  • Cymbeline. See Cunobelinus.
  • Cymenesora, 89.
  • Cymri, 6, 63, 93, 253, 267, 357, 408.
  • Cyneberct, Abbot, 215.
  • Cyneburga, daughter of Penda, 168, 172.
  • Cynegils, King of the West Saxons, 140, 158, 161, 162, 177, 179.
  • Cyneheard the Etheling, 253.
  • Cyneswitha, name on Bewcastle Cross, 172.
  • Cynewulf, King of Wessex, 253.
  • Cynewulf, Saxon poet, 242.
  • Cynewulf the Etheling, 217.
  • Cynric, King of Wessex, 90–92, 100.
  • Cynuit, fort at, 284.
  • Dalfinus, of Lyons, 184 n.
  • Dalriada, kingdom of, 134, 146, 148, 158.
  • Danegeld, 381;
  • table of payments of, 382;
  • of Harthacnut, 421.
  • See 446.
  • Danelaw, 287, 309–311, 315–317.
  • Danes, 257–262, 275–285;
  • table of ravages of (982–1016), 376–378.
  • Danish Here or Army, 261, 306, 321, 404.
  • Danish pre-eminence in Ireland, 332.
  • Dawkins, Professor Boyd, 493.
  • Dawston Rigg (Degsastan), Aidan defeated by Ethelfrid at, 134.
  • Deal, Cæsar’s landing-place? 23, 24.
  • Decangi, a Welsh tribe, 35.
  • Decurio, title of, 76.
  • Deira, kingdom of, 80, 94, 115, 130–133, 137, 138, 160, 171, 180, 276, 401.
  • Deorham, Ceawlin defeats Britons at, 92, 107.
  • Denisesburn. See Heavenfield.
  • Denmark, early history of, 371, 417, 418, 444, 445.
  • Derby (Deoraby), 316, 322, 340.
  • Derwent in Yorkshire, 140, 141, 480.
  • Derwentwater, St. Herbert’s Isle, in, 208.
  • Deusdedit, Archbishop, 188.
  • Diarmid, King of Leinster, 455.
  • Didius Gallus, Roman governor of Britain, 37.
  • Diocletian, Emperor, 63;
  • his prefectures and dioceses, 64;
  • abdicates, 67.
  • Dion Cassius referred to, 27 n., 30, 37, 40, 43, 52, 59, 494.
  • Dive, Louis IV. defeated at the, 369;
  • William’s fleet at, 482.
  • Dolicho-cephalic or long-headed race, 7.
  • Donation of Ethelwulf, 268.
  • Dorchester in Dorset, 257.
  • Dorchester in Oxfordshire, 162, 182, 343.
  • Dore, conference at, 264.
  • Dover (Dofere), 23, 24, 453, 469.
  • Druids, 5, 10, 38.
  • Dublin, 332, 341, 464.
  • Dubnovellaunus, a British king, 26, 27.
  • Dumbarton or Alclyde, 130, 246.
  • Dunbar (Dynbaer), 204.
  • Duncan, grandson of Malcolm II., 409, 462, 463.
  • Dunstan, Lives of, by various authors, 501.
  • Dunstan. See St. Dunstan.
  • Dunwich, bishopric founded, 163.
  • Durham (Dunhelm), St. Cuthbert’s body rests at, 407;
  • Malcolm II. defeated at, 407;
  • Duncan defeated at, 462.
  • Durovernis. See Canterbury.
  • Duumvir, title of, 76.
  • Dux Britanniarum, 70, 138.
  • Dyved, South Wales, 464.
  • Eadbald, King of Kent, 127, 128, 139.
  • Eadbert, King of Northumbria, 245, 246.
  • Eadburh, daughter of Offa, wife of Beorhtric, 255, 256.
  • Eadhelm, Abbot, murdered, 343.
  • Eadhilda, daughter of Edward the Elder, marries Hugh the Great, 330.
  • Eadmer, a monk, 407.
  • Eadsige, Archbishop of Canterbury, 452.
  • Eadulf, usurper, 210.
  • Eadwulf Cutel, 408, 409.
  • Eadwulf, nephew of Eadwulf Cutel, 422.
  • Ealdbert rebels, 217.
  • Ealdorman, office of, 90, 229, 268, 434–435.
  • Ealdred (or Eldred), Bishop of Worcester, afterwards Archbishop of York, 451, 455, 466.
  • Ealdred, son of Eardulf, 333.
  • Ealhmund, King of Kent, 254.
  • Ealhstan, Bishop of Sherborne, 289.
  • Ealhswith, wife of King Alfred, 289.
  • Eanfled, daughter of Edwin, 140, 145, 165, 167, 181, 182.
  • Eanfrid, King of Bernicia, 151.
  • Eanred, King of Northumbria, 264.
  • Eardulf, Bishop, 282.
  • Eardulf, King of Northumbria, 248.
  • Eardulf of Bamburgh, 333.
  • Earl and ealdorman, 434, 435.
  • Earle, John, 221 n., 306 n.;
  • land charters, 508.
  • Earpwald, King of East Anglia, 163.
  • East Anglia, 80, 126, 136, 139, 140, 158, 162–164, 174, 179, 324, 351, 448, 484.
  • Easter, debates on true date of, 123, 179, 180–188.
  • East Saxons, kingdom of, 80, 122, 127, 174–176, 180, 324.
  • Eata, Bishop of Hexham, 184, 205, 207.
  • Ebba, aunt of Egfrid, 199, 204.
  • Ebbs-fleet (Ypwines-fleot), Hengest lands at, 88.
  • Ebissa, a Jutish chief, 103, 131.
  • Ebroin, Frankish mayor of the palace, 196.
  • Eburacum (see also York), 46, 48, 54, 55, 62, 67, 94, 121, 138, 144, 247.
  • Ecclesiastical History, Bede’s, 85, 86, 115–213 (passim), 295.
  • Ecgferth, son of Offa, 252, 253.
  • Ecgfrida, wife of Uhtred, 407.
  • Edbert Pren, King of Kent, 253.
  • Eddisbury, “burh” built at, 321.
  • Eddius’ Life of Wilfrid, 203, 497, 498.
  • Edgar Etheling, grandson of Edmund Ironside, 474.
  • Edgar, the Peaceful, King of England (959–975), previously King of Mercia and East Anglia, 344, 351, 352;
  • monastic reforms, 353–356;
  • crowned at Bath (973), and rowed by eight kings on the Dee, 356;
  • marries Elfrida, death and burial, 359.
  • Edgitha, daughter of Edward the Elder, marries the German Otto, 331.
  • Edgiva, daughter of Edward the Elder, marries Charles the Simple, 330.
  • Edgiva, Abbess of Leominster, 449, 465.
  • Edgiva, queen of Edward the Elder, 339, 348, 351, 352.
  • Edinburgh, 140, 407.
  • Edith, daughter of Godwine, wife of Edward the Confessor, 443, 455, 470, 484.
  • Edith, daughter of King Edgar, 358.
  • Edith with the swan’s neck, Harold’s lady-love, 490.
  • Edmund Ironside, king (1016), son of Ethelred the Redeless, his battles with the Danes, 395, 396;
  • recalls Edric Streona, defeated at Assandune, 397;
  • conference with Canute at Olney, death, 397;
  • suggestions of foul play in his death, 397, 405, 406.
  • Edmund, King of East Anglia. See St. Edmund.
  • Edmund, King of the English (940–946), son of Edward the Elder, at Brunanburh, 333;
  • delivers the Five Boroughs from the Northmen, 340;
  • ravages Cumberland, 317, 341;
  • his relations with Malcolm I., 341;
  • assassinated by Liofa at Pucklechurch and buried at Glastonbury, 339.
  • Edmund, son of Edmund Ironside, 399.
  • Edred, Abbot, 282.
  • Edred, King of the English (946–955), crowned at Kingston-on-Thames, 339;
  • his bad health, 339;
  • subdues Northumbria, 341, 342;
  • English defeated at Chesterford, 342;
  • revenges the murder of Abbot Eadhelm at Thetford, 343;
  • death at Frome and burial at Winchester, 343.
  • Edric Streona, traitorous ealdorman, 388, 389, 394–398, 401.
  • Edward, son of Edmund Ironside, 399, 461.
  • Edward the Elder, son of Alfred, King of the West Saxons (900–924?), childhood, 289;
  • accession, 318;
  • suppresses rebellion of Ethelwald, 320;
  • wars with the Danes, 320–324;
  • builds fortresses in the Midlands, 323, 324;
  • alleged supremacy over Scotland, 325–328;
  • dies, 328;
  • laws of, 437 n.
  • Edward the Confessor (1042–1066), 386, 392, 393, 422, 423;
  • son of Ethelred the Redeless, crowned at Winchester, 442;
  • harsh treatment of his mother, 442;
  • founds Westminster Abbey, 446;
  • his Norman favourites, 451–453;
  • fall of Godwine, 455;
  • visit of William the Norman, 456, 457;
  • return of Godwine, 458, 459;
  • Scotch affairs, 461–463;
  • Welsh affairs, 464–467;
  • visit of Harold Godwineson to Normandy, 468, 469;
  • Tostig outlawed, 470, 471;
  • death at Westminster, 472;
  • bequeathed crown to Harold, 473.
  • Edward the Martyr, son of King Edgar (975–978), crowned by Dunstan, 360;
  • murdered at Corfe, 363;
  • buried at Shaftesbury, 364.
  • Edwin, brother of Leofric, 464.
  • Edwin, half-brother of Athelstan, drowned, 337.
  • Edwin of Deira, 126, 135–144, 154.
  • Edwin, son of Elfgar, Earl of Mercia, 470, 477, 479, 484.
  • Edwy or Eadwig, King of the English (955–959), son of King Edmund, 344;
  • scene at his coronation, 349;
  • his lavish generosity, 350;
  • marries Elfgiva, 351;
  • kingdom divided with brother Edgar, 351;
  • death, 352.
  • Edwy, “King of the Ceorls,” 399.
  • Edwy, son of Ethelred the Redeless, 399, 402.
  • Egbert, puppet-king of Bernicia, 281.
  • Egbert, Archbishop of York, brother of King Eadbert, 243, 245, 246.
  • Egbert, King of Kent, 195, 196.
  • Egbert, King of the West Saxons (802–839), early history and exile, 254, 255;
  • accession, 263;
  • overruns Cornwall, 263;
  • victory over Mercia, 264;
  • supremacy acknowledged by Northumbria, 264;
  • battles with the Danes, 265;
  • death, 265.
  • Egbert’s Stone, 284.
  • Egfrid, son of Oswy, 169, 172, 173, 190–193.
  • Egric, King of East Anglia, 164.
  • Egwinna, mother of Athelstan, 329.
  • Eleutherus, Pope, 76.
  • Elfgar, son of Elfric, 383.
  • Elfgar, son of Leofric, 460, 465–467, 480.
  • Elfgiva or Elfgyfu, daughter of Ethelgiva, wife of King Edwy, 344, 349–351.
  • Elfgiva, daughter of Edward the Elder, 331.
  • Elfheah, Archbishop. See Alphege.
  • Elfhelm, father of Elgiva of Northampton, 417.
  • Elfhelm, Ealdorman of Northumbria, murdered by Edric Streona, 388.
  • Elfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia, leader of anti-monastic party, 360, 361, 364.
  • Elfleda, daughter of Offa, wife of Ethelred, King of Northumbria, 248.
  • Elfleda or Ethelfleda, daughter of Oswy, 180, 211.
  • Elfmaer, Abbot of St. Augustine’s, Canterbury, 389.
  • Elfnoth, Sheriff, slain in battle with the Welsh, 466.
  • Elfnoth, squire to Brihtnoth, 379.
  • Elfric, traitorous ealdorman, 383, 388, 397, 398.
  • Elfric, ecclesiastical author, 357 n., 358, 491.
  • Elfric, father of Osric of Deira, 151.
  • Elfrida or Elfthryth, wife of King Edgar, 359, 360, 363.
  • Elfrida, wife of Baldwin II. of Flanders, 289.
  • Elfsige, Archbishop of Canterbury, 352.
  • Elfweard, son of Edward the Elder, 328, 329.
  • Elfwen, wife of half-king Athelstan, 352.
  • Elfwine at Maldon, 380.
  • Elfwyn, daughter of Ethelfled of Mercia, 323.
  • Elgiva or Aelgyfu, a name given to Queen Emma, 386.
  • Elgiva, wife of King Edmund, 338.
  • Elgiva of Northampton, wife of Canute, 416, 417.
  • Ellandune, battle of, 264.
  • Ella, King of Northumbria, 276.
  • Elmet or Loidis, kingdom of, 131, 138.
  • Elphege, Bishop of Winchester, 346.
  • Elwin, cousin of Athelstan, fell at Brunanburh, 336.
  • Ely, monastery at Isle of, 199, 355, 419.
  • Emma, wife of Ethelred II. and Canute, 386, 392, 402, 405, 416, 418, 420, 421, 442, 443, 457.
  • Emma, sister of Hugh Capet, 370.
  • Emmet in Holderness, peace of, 333.
  • Encomium Emmæ, 420, 505.
  • Englefield, Danes defeated at, 278.
  • Eobba of Bernicia, “the great burner of towns,” 132.
  • Eoforwic. See York.
  • Eomer, an assassin, 140.
  • Eosterwine, coadjutor-abbot, 188.
  • Ephemeris Epigraphica, 496.
  • Epiton, one name of site of “battle of Hastings,” 485.
  • Eppillus, a British king, 26.
  • Erconbert, King of Kent, 176, 183, 188.
  • Erconwald, Bishop, 216, 219.
  • Eric Blood-axe, under-king of Northumbria, 341, 342.
  • Eric or Yric, Earl of Deira, 401, 408.
  • Eric, son of Harold Blue-Tooth, 342.
  • Ermenburga, wife of King Egfrid, persistent enemy of Wilfrid, 199, 201, 203, 207, 208.
  • Erming Street, 74.
  • Esnes or theows, 225, 303.
  • Essex. See East Saxons.
  • Estrith, sister of Canute, 444.
  • Ethandune, Danes defeated at, 285.
  • Ethelbald, King of Mercia, 248, 249.
  • Ethelbald, son of Ethelwulf, King of the West Saxons (856–860), fought at Ockley, 267;
  • rebels against his father, 270;
  • marries Judith, his father’s widow, 274;
  • dies, 274.
  • Ethelbert, King of East Anglia, 251.
  • Ethelbert, first Christian King of Kent, 92, 97, 117, 122, 125, 126, 127, 139;
  • his “dooms,” 218.
  • Ethelbert, son of Ethelwulf, King of the West Saxons (860–866), 274, 275.
  • Ethelburga, a Kentish princess, wife of Edwin of Deira, 139, 145.
  • Ethelburga, wife of Ine, 217.
  • Etheldreda, wife of King Egfrid, 199.
  • Ethelfled, daughter of Alfred, Lady of the Mercians, 289, 321, 322, 329.
  • Ethelfled, patroness of Dunstan, 346.
  • Ethelfled the Fair, wife of King Edgar, 359.
  • Ethelfrid or Ethelfrith of Bernicia, 94, 115, 133–138.
  • Ethelgiva, daughter of Alfred, abbess of Shaftesbury, 289.
  • Ethelgiva, mother-in-law of Edwy, 349–351.
  • Ethelheard, King of Wessex, 217.
  • Ethelhere, under-king of East Anglia, 169, 170.
  • Ethelmaer the Fat, 402.
  • Ethelnoth, Archbishop of Canterbury, 405, 406, 420.
  • Ethelnoth, ealdorman of Somerset, 284.
  • Ethelred, ealdorman of Mercia, 289, 308.
  • Ethelred, ealdorman of the Gaini, 289.
  • Ethelred of Mercia, 173, 191, 204.
  • Ethelred, son of Ethelwulf (866–871), accession, 275;
  • wars with the Danes, 276, 278–280;
  • battle of Ashdown, 279;
  • death, 280.
  • Ethelred II., the Redeless, King of England (978–1016), 317, 328;
  • son of King Edgar, crowned at Kingston-on-Thames, 365;
  • Danish invasions, 375–396;
  • Ethelred harries Cumberland, 385;
  • marries Emma of Normandy, 386;
  • massacre of St. Brice’s Day, 386, 387;
  • Sweyn and Canute invade England, 391;
  • London submits, 392;
  • king escapes to Normandy, 392;
  • recalled, 383;
  • dies at London, 396.
  • Ethelred, son of Ethelwald Moll, usurper in Northumbria, 247, 255.
  • Ethelric, King of Bernicia and Deira, 94, 133.
  • Ethelsin, evil counsellor of Ethelred, 365.
  • Ethelwald Moll, usurper in Northumbria, 247.
  • Ethelwald, son of Oswald, 169, 170, 171.
  • Ethelwald, son of Ethelred I., rebels against Edward the Elder, 319.
  • Ethelwalh, King of Sussex, 174, 204, 215.
  • Ethelweard, the historian, 257, 334, 384, 501.
  • Ethelweard, grandson of the historian, 402.
  • Ethelweard, son of Alfred, 290.
  • Ethelwin, cousin of Athelstan, fell at Brunanburh, 336.
  • Ethelwin, officer of Oswy, 167.
  • Ethelwin, son of half-king Athelstan, 361.
  • Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester, 354, 355, 361.
  • Ethelwold, son of half-king Athelstan, husband of Elfrida, 359.
  • Ethelwulf, ealdorman of Berkshire, 278, 279.
  • Ethelwulf, King of the West Saxons (839–858), son of Egbert, under-king of Kent, 264;
  • succeeds his father in Wessex, 265;
  • his two counsellors Swithun and Ealhstan, 266;
  • victory over the Danes at Ockley, 267;
  • helps Mercia against the Welsh, 267;
  • gives tithe to the Church, 268;
  • journey to Rome, 268–270;
  • marriage to Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, 270;
  • his will and death, 271.
  • Etherius, Archbishop of Arles, 116.
  • Etocetum, station on the Watling Street, 73.
  • Eudoces, possibly Jutes, 80.
  • Eugenius, King of Strathclyde, 333.
  • Eugenius the Bald, King of Strathclyde, 408.
  • Eumenius, panegyrist, 65, 495.
  • Eustace, Count of Boulogne, 452, 453, 487, 489, 490.
  • Evans, Sir John, on British coins, 25.
  • Exeter (Isca Damnoniorum, Exanceaster), 74, 283, 326.
  • Exmouth (Exanmutha), Beorn buried at, 451.
  • Farinmail, a British king, 92.
  • Farndon (Farndune), near Newark, Edward the Elder dies at, 328.
  • Farne Islands, 154, 168, 206.
  • Farnham, Danes defeated at, 308.
  • Felix, Bishop of Dunwich, 163, 174.
  • Fergna, Abbot of Iona, 150.
  • Fethan-lea, battle of, 93.
  • Finan of Lindisfarne, 169, 175, 182.
  • Fitz Osbern, William, 475, 487.
  • Five Boroughs, the, 316, 391, 394, 431.
  • Flatholme, Island of (Brada Relice), Danes take refuge at, 321.
  • Fleet, built by Alfred, 312; by Ethelred II., 387.
  • Florence of Worcester, historian, 105, 277 n., 314, 333, 334, 354, 356, 357, 400, 484, 501, 502.
  • Fædus Anglorum et Danorum, 381 n.
  • Folkland, 303, 304.
  • Fordheri, soldier of Edwin, stabbed, 140.
  • Ford of the Cross, battle of, 464.
  • Forth, Firth of, 49, 50, 58, 102, 132, 154, 157, 477, 479.
  • Fosse Way, 74.
  • Freeman, E. A., on virtual extermination of Britons, 110, 111;
  • on capture of York, 138;
  • on alleged English supremacy over Scotland, 325. Also quoted, 161, 262, 325 n., 337 n., 383 n., 401 n., 402 n., 403 n., 420 n., 433 n., 448 n., 475, 507.
  • Frisian Sea (Firth of Forth?), 103.
  • Frisians in the Border country, 131.
  • Frome, King Edred dies at, 343.
  • Frome mouth of, Danish raid, 381.
  • Frontinus, Julius, Roman governor of Britain, 46.
  • Fulford, English defeated at, 479, 481, 484.
  • Fursa, an Irish monk, missionary to East Anglia, 163, 174.
  • Fyrd, or national militia, 223, 229, 261 n., 268, 302, 320, 376, 389, 396, 486, 489.
  • Gabhran, Dalriadic king, 148.
  • Gaels, 6.
  • Gafolgelders, or rent payers, 226, 228.
  • Gafol, tribute paid to Danes, 376, 381.
  • Gaimar, Geoffrey, 295, 334, 359, 503.
  • Gainsborough, death of Sweyn, 493.
  • Galerius, Augustus, 67.
  • Galgacus, Caledonian chief, 50.
  • Gebur, 436.
  • Gedael land, 221.
  • Geikie, Professor, 3 n., 4 n.
  • Gemot, meeting, 302.
  • Genealogies of the kings, Nennius, 101.
  • Geneat, king’s retainer, 229, 230, 313, 436, 437.
  • Geoffrey of Monmouth, 28, 105.
  • Geraint, Welsh king, 216.
  • Germanus. See St. Germanus.
  • Gesithcund, comrades of the king, 228.
  • Geta, son of Emperor Severus, 60, 62.
  • Geteama, a warranter, 438.
  • Gewissas, or men of Wessex, 128, 215.
  • Gildas, Welsh ecclesiastic, author of Liber Querulus, 86, 95–100, 144, 496.
  • Gilling, near Richmond, Oswin murdered at, 167.
  • Glastonbury (Glaestingaburh), 178, 339, 344, 347, 359, 397, 406.
  • Gloucester (Gleawanceaster), 76, 92, 322, 454, 466.
  • Godiva, sister of Edward the Confessor, 452.
  • Godiva, wife of Leofric, 447, 448, 465.
  • Godric, his cowardice at battle of Maldon, 380.
  • Godwine, son of Wulfnoth, ancestry, 403;
  • made Earl of Wessex, 404;
  • supports Harthacnut, 417, 418;
  • supports Harold Harefoot and slays Alfred, son of Ethelred, 418, 419;
  • his family, 447–451;
  • opposes Norman influence, 451–454;
  • exiled with family, 455;
  • restored, 459;
  • death and burial at Winchester, 460.
  • Goidels, 6, 108.
  • Goodmanham, site of heathen temple, 142.
  • Gorm the Old, King of Denmark, 371, 413, 474.
  • Gratian, a British usurper of Empire, 72.
  • Gratian, Emperor, 68, 69.
  • Green, J. R., 404 n., 507.
  • Greenwell, Dr., on British barrows, 7, 493.
  • Greenwich (Grenawic), 390, 394, 395.
  • Gregory I., Pope, sends Augustine to convert the English, 114, 115, 120, 121, 139.
  • Griffith ap Llewelyn, King of Wales, 464–466, 472.
  • Griffith, son of Rhyddarch, revolts against the preceding, 465.
  • Grimbald, Abbot, friend of Alfred, 291, 292, 304.
  • Guaul, or Roman Wall, 103.
  • Guest, Dr., on Cæsar’s landing-place, 24;
  • on Fethan-lea, 93.
  • Gross, Dr. Charles, The Sources and Literature of English History, 508.
  • Guildford (Gyldeford), the Etheling Alfred arrested at, 419, 420.
  • Guinnion, castle of, scene of one of Arthur’s battles, 104.
  • Gunhild, daughter of Canute, wife of Emperor Henry III., 412, 416.
  • Gunnor, wife of Richard, Duke of Normandy, 370.
  • Guoyrancgon, King of Kent, 103.
  • Guthfred, a later King of Northumbria, 332.
  • Guthlac, hermit of Crowland, 249.
  • Guthred, converted Danish chief, 282.
  • Guthrum, Danish chief, Alfred’s foe, 283–287.
  • Gwent, part of South Wales (Glamorgan and Monmouth), 333.
  • Gwynedd (North Wales), 102, 321, 464.
  • Gybmund, Bishop of Rochester, 219.
  • Gyda, wife of Harold Fair-hair, 372.
  • Gyrth, son of Godwine, 404, 444, 482, 484, 486, 488.
  • Gyrwas, tribe in the Fens, 433.
  • Gytha, wife of Godwine, 404, 444, 490.
  • Haddan and Stubbs’s Councils, 508.
  • Hadrian, Abbot of St. Augustine’s, Canterbury, 195, 196, 241.
  • Hadrian, Emperor, builder of the Roman Wall, 53.
  • Hadrian I., Pope, 251.
  • Hakon the Good, King of Norway, reared in England, 331, 332, 372.
  • Halfdene, a Danish king, 279, 281.
  • Hallelujah battle, 84.
  • Harold, a Scandinavian chief, 369.
  • Harold Blue-Tooth, King of Denmark, 371, 474.
  • Harold, brother of Canute, 404.
  • Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, 445, 477–481, 484.
  • Harold Harefoot, son of Canute, King of England, 416–421.
  • Harold II., son of Godwine, Earl of East Angles, 448;
  • intercedes for Sweyn, 450;
  • exiled with family, 455;
  • in Ireland, 458;
  • becomes Earl of Wessex, 460;
  • real ruler of England, 461, 465;
  • wars with Elfgar and the Welsh, 466, 467;
  • visit to Normandy, and oath to William, 468–470;
  • crowned king, 473, 474;
  • defeats Tostig and Harold Hardrada at Stamford Bridge, 481;
  • visits Waltham, 484;
  • collects army near Battle, 485;
  • battle of Hastings, 487–490;
  • death, 482, 489, 490;
  • burial at Waltham, 490.
  • Harold the Fair-haired, King of Norway, 331, 372.
  • Harthacnut, son of Canute, King of England, 402, 405, 416–418, 420–423, 450.
  • Hartlepool (Heruteu), Hilda’s convent at, 180.
  • Hasting or Haesten, Danish chief, 308, 509 n.
  • Hastings, battle of, 485–490.
  • Hastings, port, 458, 482, 484.
  • Hatfield. See Heathfield.
  • Haverfield, F., 70 n., 75 n., 77 n., 507.
  • Heathfield, battle of, 144, 150, 151.
  • Heavenfield, or Denisesburn, battle of, 151–154, 157.
  • Hedde, Bishop of Winchester, 219.
  • Heimskringla, the, 260, 338, 372, 385, 409, 480 n., 504.
  • Helena, mother of Constantine, 66, 121.
  • Hengest, King of Kent, 86, 88, 89, 91, 102–104, 132.
  • Henry Beauclerk, 289, 314, 463.
  • Henry of Huntingdon, 105, 337, 360, 386, 415, 503.
  • Henry III., emperor, marries Gunhild, 412.
  • Heptarchy, 231, 288.
  • Herbert. See St. Herbert.
  • Here or army, Danish, 261, 306, 312, 321, 323.
  • Hereford, 465, 466.
  • Here-gyld, or war tax, 446.
  • Herleva, mother of William the Norman, 456.
  • Herodian, Greek historian, 495.
  • Hertford (Heorotford), 323.
  • Hexham (Hagustald), 62, 64, 195, 199, 209.
  • Hiberni, 97.
  • Hide of land, 148, 222.
  • Hilda, Abbess of Whitby, 180.
  • Hildebrand, Pope, 353, 476.
  • Hingston Down (Hengestdune), battle of, 265.
  • Historia Augusta, 494.
  • Historia Brittonum, of Nennius, 101, 132.
  • Hlothere’s and Eadric’s dooms, 218.
  • Hoar Apple Tree, Harold II. at, 482, 485.
  • Hold, a Danish title, 436.
  • Holy Island, or Lindisfarne, 154, 155, 158, 182, 183, 188, 205, 207, 246, 258, 282.
  • Holy River, Canute defeated at, 413.
  • Holy Rood, Cynewulf’s poem on, 242, 243.
  • Honorius, Emperor, 72, 82.
  • Honorius, Pope, 161.
  • Horsa, brother of Hengest, 86, 88.
  • House-carls, or body-guard, 418, 422, 447, 463, 486, 489.
  • Housesteads, Mithraic chapel at, 75.
  • Howorth, Sir H., 367 n.
  • Howell, King of Cornwall, 333, 336.
  • Hoxne, St. Edmund defeated at, 277.
  • Hübner, Emil, 507.
  • Hugh Capet, King of France, 367.
  • Hugh the Great, Duke of France, 330, 367, 369, 370, 467.
  • Hundred and Hundred Court, 427–429.
  • Huntingdon (Huntandun), burh built at, 323.
  • Hunwald betrays Oswin, 167.
  • Hwiccas, tribe in Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, 263, 402.
  • Hyde Abbey, Winchester, 314.
  • Hythe, 307;
  • Cæsar’s landing-place? 24.
  • Iceni, British tribe, 33–35;
  • revolt of, 38–43.
  • Ida, King of Bernicia, 94, 132.
  • Idle, Ethelfrid defeated by Edwin, 137.
  • India, alleged mission to, 299.
  • Indulf, 408 n.
  • Ine, King of Wessex, 134, 138, 147, 150, 154, 156, 178, 186, 216.
  • Ine’s laws, 218–232.
  • Inguar, Danish chief, 277–279.
  • Inscriptions, Roman, 58, 74.
  • Insurance against theft of cattle, 426.
  • Iona, 134, 138, 147, 150, 154, 156, 180, 186.
  • Ireland, 50, 79, 102, 144, 148, 182, 260, 294, 310, 332, 333, 442, 458.
  • Isle of Man, 138, 248, 317, 356, 385.
  • James, deacon, attendant on Paulinus, 143, 180, 182.
  • Jarls, 278, 435.
  • Jarrow (in Gyrwum), monastery at, 133, 189, 237.
  • Jaruman, Bishop of Mercia, 176.
  • Jehmarc, Scottish king, submits to Canute, 409.
  • John XIX., Pope, visited by Canute, 410.
  • John, the Old Saxon, friend of King Alfred, 291, 292.
  • Judicia Civitatis Londoniæ, 425.
  • Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, wife of Ethelwulf, 270, 271, 274.
  • Judith of Flanders, wife of Tostig, 455.
  • Justus, Bishop of Rochester, 120, 122, 127, 128, 139.
  • Jutes, 79, 80, 106;
  • possible colony of, in Scotland, 103.
  • Juthwal, Welsh king, 336;
  • tribute of wolves’ heads, 357.
  • Kemble, J. M., 77, 508.
  • Kenneth, King of Scotland, 134, 356, 357.
  • Kent, 79, 88, 89, 104, 106, 138, 140, 176, 179.
  • Kent’s Cavern, 2.
  • King’s Milton (Middeltun thaes cynges), 458.
  • Kingston (Cyngestun), 232, 329, 339, 365.
  • Kinsige, Bishop of Lichfield, 349.
  • Kirtlington, Witenagemot at, 362.
  • Lanfranc, Prior of Bec, 476.
  • Lang, Andrew (History of Scotland), referred to, 326, 507.
  • Laon, 367–370.
  • Lapidarium Septentrionale, 496.
  • Lappenberg, historian, 87, 507.
  • Laurentius, Archbishop of Canterbury, 120, 125, 127, 128, 139.
  • Lea (Lyge), river, 287, 311.
  • Leges Marchiarum, 424, 425.
  • Legions, Roman:—
  • Second, 30, 33, 42, 43, 55, 71.
  • Sixth, 54, 55, 71.
  • Seventh, 11.
  • Ninth, 30, 41, 42, 54.
  • Tenth, 11.
  • Fourteenth, 30, 42, 44.
  • Twentieth, 30, 42, 45, 46, 55, 72, 310.
  • Leicester (Ratae, Ligeraceaster), 316, 322, 340.
  • Leighton Buzzard (Lygtun), battle at, 321.
  • Leofgar, Bishop of Hereford, 466.
  • Leofric, son of Leofwine, Earl of Mercia, 403, 417, 422, 442, 447, 448, 454, 465, 466.
  • Leofwine, ealdorman of the Hwiccas, 402, 417.
  • Leofwine, son of Godwine, 449, 455, 482, 486, 488.
  • Leo, Prof. Heinrich, 242.
  • Leominster, Abbess of, 449, 465.
  • Leo IV., Pope, blesses Alfred, 269.
  • Levison on Life of Germanus, 496.
  • Liber Pontificalis, 270.
  • Liebermann, Felix, on Anglo-Saxon laws, 508.
  • Lilia, thegn of Edwin of Deira, 140, 161.
  • Lincoln (Lindcylene), 37, 41, 76, 143, 316, 340, 470, 484.
  • Lindisfarne gospels, 282.
  • Lindisfarne. See Holy Island.
  • Lindsey (Lindissi), 143, 173, 191, 192, 266, 391, 394.
  • Liofa, murderer of King Edmund, 338.
  • Lichfield, archbishopric of, 248, 250, 263.
  • Liudhard, Queen Bertha’s chaplain, 117, 119.
  • Loidis or Elmet, British kingdom of, 131, 138.
  • Lombards, affinity with Anglo-Saxons, 81.
  • London (Londinium, or Augusta, Lundonia, Lunden-burh), 41, 42, 66, 68, 73;
  • early mention of, in the Chronicle, 89;
  • bishopric founded at, 122;
  • relapses into idolatry, 128;
  • Sigebert, king in, 175;
  • reconverted to Christianity, 176;
  • diocese of, 250;
  • capture by Danes (851), 267;
  • besieged by Danes, 281;
  • rescued by Alfred, 287, 299;
  • burh built at, 309;
  • resumption from Mercia by Edward the Elder, 320;
  • Dunstan, Bishop of, 352;
  • defence against Danes, 376, 377;
  • attack of Sweyn, 384;
  • submits to Sweyn, 392;
  • Ethelred II.’s illness and death at, 395, 396;
  • faithful to house of Cerdic, 397;
  • chooses Harold Harefoot as king, 417;
  • Witan held at, 454;
  • Duke William’s visit to, 457;
  • Earl Godwine’s defence before Witan at, 459;
  • King Harold II. at, 478, 480.
  • Longfellow’s Saga of King Olaf, 385 n.
  • Lothian, 102, 131, 326;
  • lost by England, 409.
  • Louis IV. of France reared in England, 330, 368, 369.
  • Lucius. See St. Lucius.
  • Lud, a fictitious King of Britain, 105.
  • Lupus, Bishop of Troyes, 83.
  • Lymne (Portus Lemanis), suggested as Cæsar’s landing-place? 24;
  • Danes at, 307.
  • Macbeth, or Maelbaeth, King of Scotland, 409, 447, 462, 463.
  • Maccus, “arch-pirate,” rows in Edgar’s boat, 356.
  • Mætæ, Caledonian tribe, 60, 62.
  • Maelgwn, or Maglocunus, King of North Wales, 99, 102, 144.
  • Magasaetas (Herefordshire), 452.
  • Magnus I., King of Norway, 443–445.
  • Magnus, a Norwegian, helps Earl Elfgar, 467.
  • Maitland, F. W., 430 n., 433, 508.
  • Malcolm I., King of Scotland (943–954), 341.
  • Malcolm II., King of Scotland (1005–1034), 407–409, 461.
  • Malcolm III. (Canmore), King of Scotland (1058–1093), 463, 477.
  • Malcolm, King of Cumberland, 356.
  • Maldon, burh at, 323;
  • battle of, 378, 379.
  • Malet, William, 490.
  • Malfosse, at battle of Hastings, 488, 489.
  • Malmesbury, monastery of, 266, 338, 346, 395.
  • Mamertinus, panegyrist, 65, 495.
  • Man, Isle of, 138, 248, 317, 356, 385.
  • Manau Guotodin (Lothian), 102.
  • Manchester (Mancunium, Mameceaster) in Northumbria, 323.
  • Mancus, value of, 235.
  • Mandubracius, British chief, 18, 19.
  • Marcellus, Ulpius, ascetic Roman general, 59.
  • Marcian, Emperor, 88 n.
  • Marcus Aurelius, Emperor, troubled by Britannic war, 58.
  • Marcus, a military usurper, 72.
  • Margaret, grand-daughter of Edmund Ironside, wife of Malcolm III., 463.
  • Mark, value of, 235.
  • Maserfield or Oswestry, battle of, 158, 160.
  • Matilda of Scotland, wife of Henry I., 289, 436.
  • Matilda of Flanders, wife of William the Conqueror, 275, 289, 476.
  • Maximian, Emperor, 64, 67.
  • Maximus, usurper of the empire, 69, 95.
  • Mearcredesburn, battle at, 89.
  • Medeshamstede. See Peterborough.
  • Mellitus, Archbishop of Canterbury, 120–122, 127, 129, 174.
  • Melrose (Magilros), monastery of, 205.
  • Menai Straits, 41, 47, 102.
  • Meonwaras, district of, in Hampshire, 174, 178, 215.
  • Mercia, 80, 108, 136, 144, 160, 173, 248, 289, 340, 344, 351, 448, 464.
  • Merlin, 103.
  • Mersea, island in Essex, 310, 311.
  • Middle Anglians, 160, 169.
  • Middlesex, 287, 448.
  • Milton Abbas (Middeltun) monastery purged, 355.
  • Mithras, worship of, 75.
  • Mommsen, 507.
  • Mona. See Anglesey.
  • Money, Anglo-Saxon, 231–235.
  • Monkwearmouth, monastery, 133, 237.
  • Monothelite controversy, 196.
  • Mons Graupius, 50.
  • Moots, 302.
  • Mora, Duke William’s ship, 483.
  • Morcant, a Welsh king, 337.
  • Morcar, murdered by Edric, 394.
  • Morini, Gaulish tribe, 10, 16, 23.
  • Morkere, son of Elfgar, 470, 471, 477, 479, 484.
  • Mount Badon, battle of, 92, 99, 100, 104, 105, 107.
  • Mund-bora or protector, 322, 324.
  • Municipia, 76, 151.
  • Mul, brother of Cadwalla, burned by men of Kent, 215, 216.
  • Natanleod, British king, slain by Cerdic, 90.
  • Navy of Alfred, 312;
  • of Edgar, 357, 358;
  • of Edward the Confessor, 445.
  • Naze, in Essex (Eadulfesnaess), 459.
  • Nechtansmere (Dunnichen), King Egfrid defeated at, 192.
  • Nennius, historian, 100–105, 131, 132, 152 n., 497.
  • Neolithic man, 2–5.
  • Nerthus, goddess of the Angles, 81.
  • Netley (Natanleaga), scene of Cerdic’s victory, 91.
  • New Minster, at Winchester, Alfred’s burial-place, 314, 328, 355.
  • Nithings, 81, 380, 451.
  • Nobility by birth and by service, 231.
  • Normandy, early history of, 367–370.
  • Normans, weapons of, 486.
  • Northampton, 464, 470.
  • Northman, son of Leofwine, put to death by Canute, 402.
  • Northmen or Norwegians in Cumberland, 316;
  • distinguished from Danes, 325;
  • at Stamford Bridge, 481.
  • Norway, 372, 417, 444, 478.
  • Northumbria, 94, 130–173, 245–248, 325, 332, 341–343, 388, 395, 396, 406–408, 463, 470, 479.
  • Nothelm, priest, friend of Bede, 86.
  • Notitia Imperii, Army list of Roman Empire, 69, 70.
  • Nottingham (Snotingaham), 276, 316, 323, 340.
  • Nun, King of Sussex, 216.
  • Ockley (Aclea), Danes defeated at, 267.
  • Octha, son of Hengest, 103, 104, 131, 132.
  • Oda, Archbishop of Canterbury, 340, 343, 349, 351, 352, 354.
  • Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, 487, 488.
  • Odo, King of France, 367.
  • Oferhyrnesse, contempt of royal power, 438.
  • Offa, King of Mercia, 248, 250–253, 255.
  • Offa’s Dyke (Clawdd Offa), 251.
  • Offa, thegn of Brihtnoth, 380.
  • Ohthere, an Arctic explorer, 294.
  • Olaf, King of Sweden, 385.
  • Olaf, son of Harold Hardrada, 481.
  • Olaf the Thick. See St. Olaf.
  • Olaf Tryggvason, King of Norway, 372, 384, 385.
  • Olney, in Gloucestershire (Olanig), conference at, 397.
  • Oman, Professor, 275 n.
  • Open field system of farming, 221.
  • Ora, eighth part of a mark, 235.
  • Ordeals, 439, 440.
  • Ordericus Vitalis, 505.
  • Ordgar, father of Elfrida, 359.
  • Ordmaer, father-in-law of Edgar, 359.
  • Ordovices, a British tribe, 35, 46, 47.
  • Orosius, ecclesiastic and historian, 69, 86, 293, 498.
  • Osbeorn, son of Siward, 463.
  • Osbern, biographer of Dunstan, 348 n., 501.
  • Osbert, King of Northumbria, 276.
  • Osburga, mother of Alfred, 272.
  • Osfrid, son of Edwin, 143, 144.
  • Osgod Clapa, “Staller,” 412, 450.
  • Oslac, Earl of Northumbria, 360, 361.
  • Oslac, father of Osburga, 272.
  • Osmund, Richard’s guardian, 369.
  • Osred I., King of Northumbria, 210.
  • Osred II. (do.), murdered, 248.
  • Osric, ealdorman, 254.
  • Osric, King of Deira, 151.
  • Ossa Cyllelawr, Bernician king, 132.
  • Osthryd, Queen of Mercia, 158, 191.
  • Ostorius Scapula, Roman governor, 34;
  • defeats Caratacus, 35.
  • Oswald, King of Northumbria. See St. Oswald.
  • Oswald, Bishop of Worcester, 354, 355, 360.
  • Oswin, King of Deira, 160, 165, 171.
  • Oswulf, King of Northumbria, 247.
  • Oswulf, Earl of Northumbria, 342.
  • Oswy, King of Northumbria, 126, 160, 161, 165, 171–173, 180–190.
  • Oundle (Undalum), Wilfrid dies at, 212.
  • Owen, King of Gwent, 333.
  • Oxford (Oxnaford), 162, 320, 417, 473.
  • Ox-gang, or Bovate, the eighth of a Hide, 223.
  • Paga, king’s reeve, at Carlisle, 207.
  • Palæolithic man, 2.
  • Palgrave, Sir F., 508.
  • Palisade at Hastings, 485 and n.
  • Pallig, killed in massacre of St. Brice, 387.
  • Pallium, sign of archbishop’s rank, 120, 121, 202, 252, 453, 459, 460.
  • Papinian, Roman lawyer, 61.
  • Parisii, a British tribe in Yorkshire, 10.
  • Parret (Pedride), river, 178, 266.
  • Paulinus, Bishop of York, 120, 139–143, 145, 154, 180.
  • Paulinus, Suetonius, conquers Anglesey, 38;
  • marches to London, 41;
  • defeats Boadicea, 42;
  • recalled, 44.
  • Paulus Diaconus, historian of the Lombards, 81.
  • Pavia, death of Eadburh at, 255.
  • Peada, son of Penda, 168, 173.
  • Pearson, C. H., 507.
  • Pecsaetan, tribe in the Peak district, 433.
  • Pelagian heresy, 76, 84.
  • Pelham, Professor, quoted, 53 n.
  • Pembrokeshire, Danish colony in, 317.
  • Penda, King of Mercia, 144, 158, 160–173.
  • Penny, Anglo-Saxon, 233.
  • Peonnum (the Pens or Penselwood), 178.
  • Perctarit, Lombard king, 203.
  • Peter, sent to Pope Gregory, 120.
  • Peterborough (Medeshamstede), sacked by Danes, 278;
  • visited by Bishop Ethelwold, 355.
  • Petillius Cerialis, commands ninth legion, 41;
  • governor of Britain, 45.
  • Pevensey (Pefenesea), 89, 458, 482, 483.
  • Picts, 68, 79, 84–86, 93, 95, 97, 102, 103, 106, 134, 147, 157, 171, 191, 192, 281.
  • Place-names as evidences of nationality of settlers, 315.
  • Plague, 176, 188, 189, 238, 312.
  • Plautius, Aulus, conquers southern Britain, 25, 30–32, 34.
  • Plegmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, 291, 292, 314.
  • Pliny, 494.
  • Plummer, Chas., editor of Bede, 86, 190 n., 290 n., 295 n., 325 n., 337 n., 419 n., 466 n., 497.
  • Poenius Postumus, Roman officer, kills himself, 43.
  • Polybius, historian, 8.
  • Polyclitus, Nero’s freedman, 44.
  • Porlock (Portloca), Danish raid on, 321;
  • Harold Godwineson’s, 458.
  • Port, mythic eponymous hero, 87, 91.
  • Portland, Danes attack, 266.
  • Portsmouth, legendary foundation of, 87, 91.
  • Portskewet, Harold’s lodge at, 467.
  • Portus Itius, 16, 23.
  • Pound, Anglo-Saxon, 232.
  • Prætenturæ, or stations on the Roman Wall, 56.
  • Prasutagus, King of the Iceni, 33, 39.
  • Prices, history of, 234, 426.
  • Prisci historia, quoted, 109 n.
  • Procolitia, station on the Roman Wall, 56.
  • Procopius, historian, 112, 113.
  • Prosper Tiro, chronicler, 82, 103, 496.
  • Pseudo-monasteries, 244.
  • Ptolemy, geographer, 80, 493.
  • Pucklechurch, King Edward murdered at, 338.
  • Purbeck, Danish fleet wrecked near, 283.
  • “Purveyance,” 453.
  • Pytheas, Greek geographer, 8.
  • “Quarto-decimans,” 124, 181, 182, 193, 198.
  • Quedlinburg, Canute’s grand-daughter Abbess of, 412.
  • Radfrid, Frankish noble, escorts Theodore to England, 196.
  • Raegenheri, son of Redwald, 137.
  • Raegnald of Northumbria, 325–327, 340.
  • Ragnar Lodbrog, the Viking, 276.
  • Ralph the Timid, Earl of the Magasaetas, nephew of Edward the Confessor, 452, 454, 465.
  • Ramsay, Sir J., 507.
  • Reading, 278, 279, 281.
  • Rectitudines singularum personarum, 436, 437.
  • Redwald, King of East Anglia, 126, 136, 137, 139, 163.
  • Redwulf, King of Northumbria, 266.
  • Regni, British tribe, 10, 90.
  • Regnum. See Chichester.
  • Regula Pastoralis of Pope Gregory, translated by Alfred, 291, 292.
  • Repton (Hreopandun), occupied by Danes, 281.
  • Rhuddlan, burnt by Harold II., 467.
  • Rhys, Professor John, 493.
  • Richard of Hexham, historian, 131 n.
  • Richard I., Duke of Normandy, 369, 370.
  • Richard II. (do.), 386, 399.
  • Richborough (Rutupiæ), 71, 118.
  • Ricula, sister of Ethelbert, 122.
  • Ripon (In Hripum), 195, 199, 209, 342, 406.
  • Robert, Duke of Normandy, 456.
  • Robertson, E. W., historian, 326, 356, 359 n., 360 n., 507.
  • Robert, King of France, 367.
  • Robert the Strong, Duke of Francia, 367.
  • Rochester (Durobrevi, Hrofaescaestre), 122, 145, 286, 365.
  • Roderick the Great (Rhodri Mawr), Welsh king, 267.
  • Roger of Wendover, 342.
  • Rolf or Rollo, settles in Normandy, 367.
  • Rolleston, Professor, on Neolithic man, 4, 493.
  • Roman roads, 73.
  • Roman Wall, between Firths of Forth and Clyde, 58, 103.
  • Roman Wall, between Solway and Tyne, 52, 94, 146, 152;
  • description of, 56;
  • garrison of, 57.
  • Romanus, Bishop of Rochester, 145.
  • Round, J. H., 485 n., 507.
  • Rowena, daughter of Hengest, 103, 109.
  • Rowley Burn, Cadwallon’s death at, 153.
  • Rufinianus, emissary to Rome, 120.
  • Runcorn (Rumcofa), Saxon fortress built at, 321.
  • Runic inscription on Bewcastle Cross, 172;
  • about Harold Hardrada, 479.
  • Ruthwell Cross, 242.
  • Rutupiæ. See Richborough.
  • Saberct, King of the East Saxons, 122, 127, 175.
  • Sabinus, brother of Vespasian, 32.
  • St. Aidan, 155–168, 181, 182, 187, 282.
  • St. Alban, 27, 76, 84.
  • St. Alphege (Elfeah),384;
  • martyrdom of, 389, 390;
  • translation of relics, 405.
  • St. Augustine, Archbishop of Canterbury, 82, 112–125, 338.
  • St. Boniface. See Boniface.
  • St. Brice’s Day, massacre on, 386, 387.
  • St. Chad (Ceadda), Bishop of York, 195;
  • of Lichfield, 198.
  • St. Columba, 134, 147–150, 154, 181, 182, 187.
  • St. Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne, 130, 158, 192, 205, 208, 282, 406.
  • St. Dunstan, early life, 344–348;
  • Abbot of Glastonbury, 347;
  • influence on Edred, 339;
  • at Edwy’s coronation, 349;
  • exiled, 350;
  • Bishop of Worcester and London, 352;
  • Archbishop of Canterbury, 352;
  • share in monastic reform, 353–356;
  • story of St. Edmund’s martyrdom, 277;
  • crowns King Edward the Martyr, 360;
  • escape at the meeting at Calne, 362;
  • remonstrance with Ethelred, 365;
  • death, 365;
  • character, 360, 491;
  • lives of, by various authors, 501.
  • St. Edmund, 276–278, 393, 405.
  • St. Frideswide, church of, at Oxford, 394.
  • St. Germanus, 83–85, 102, 106.
  • St. Guthlac, 249.
  • St. Herbert of Derwentwater, 208.
  • St. Jerome, 68.
  • St. Joseph of Arimathea, 339.
  • St. Lucius, King of Britain, 76, 414.
  • St. Martin of Tours, 119, 146.
  • St. Ninian, 146.
  • St. Olaf, King of Norway, 410, 413–415, 444.
  • St. Oswald, 126, 150–159, 171, 173, 179, 282.
  • St. Patrick, 104.
  • St. Paul, church in London dedicated to, 122, 391.
  • St. Swithun, Bishop of Winchester, 265, 266, 357.
  • St. Thomas, Christians of, in India, 299.
  • Sake and Soke, 440, 441.
  • Sandwich, 375, 388, 389, 394, 444, 445, 450, 458, 477.
  • San Spirito in Sassia, church in Rome, 270.
  • Sarn Helen, a Roman road, 74.
  • Sarum, Old (Searoburg), battle of, 91.
  • Savernake Forest, battle near, 280.
  • Saxon Chronicle. See Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
  • Saxon Shore in Britain, Count of, 70.
  • Saxons, origin and appearance in Britain, 71, 79–81, 84, 104, 106.
  • Scarborough burnt, 479.
  • Sceatt, value of, 235.
  • Schmid, Professor Reinhold, 286 n., 381 n., 508.
  • Schola Saxonum, at Rome, 270.
  • Scilling, value of, 232.
  • Scip-here, Danish fleet, 311, 321, 342.
  • Scotland, 134, 138, 192, 246, 324–328, 333, 335, 356, 357, 406–410, 461–464.
  • Scots, 68, 79, 93, 95, 102, 103, 134, 148, 157.
  • Sebbi, King of East Saxons, 175, 176.
  • Sedgefield, W. J., translation of Alfred’s Boethius, 297 n.
  • Seebohm, F., 77, 508.
  • Seghine, Abbot of Iona, 154.
  • Selsey, bishopric founded, 205.
  • Selwood, Forest of, 284.
  • Seneca, as money-lender in Britain, 39.
  • Senlac or Epiton, site of “battle of Hastings,” 485.
  • Seven Boroughs, 394, 395.
  • Severus, Septimius, Emperor, 59–62, 90.
  • Sexburh, Queen of Kent, 176.
  • Shaftesbury (Sceaftesburh), 364, 416.
  • Sheppey (Sceapig), Isle of, 265, 268, 308, 458.
  • Sherborne (Scireburne), Bishopric of, 242.
  • Ship-money, 388.
  • Shire and Shire Gemot, 429, 432, 433.
  • Shire-reeve (sheriff), 434.
  • Shoebury (Sceoburh), Danish fort at, 309.
  • Shrewsbury (Scergeat, Scrobbesburh), “burh” built at, 321, 433 n.
  • Sideman, Bishop of Crediton, 362.
  • Sidroc, a Danish jarl, 278.
  • Sigebert the Learned, King of East Anglia, 163, 164.
  • Sigebert, King of the East Saxons, 175, 179.
  • Sigebert, King of the West Saxons, 253.
  • Sigeferth, thegn, murdered by Edric, 394.
  • Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, 381.
  • Sighelm, West Saxon almoner, 299.
  • Sighere, King of the East Saxons, 175, 176.
  • Sigvat, minstrel to King Olaf, 444.
  • Sihtric, Northumbrian king, 332.
  • Silchester, Christian Basilica at, 75.
  • Silures, a British tribe, 33–35, 37, 46.
  • Silurians, 5.
  • Simcox, W. H., on sites of Alfred’s battles, 278 n.
  • Sinodun camp, 162.
  • Siward the Strong, Earl of Northumbria, 422, 442, 447, 454, 462, 463.
  • Six-hynd men, 430.
  • Skene, W. F., on Celtic Scotland, 148, 149, 326, 409 n., 508.
  • Slavery, 114–116, 225, 226 n., 303.
  • Snorri Sturleson, Icelandic scholar, 504.
  • Somerton captured, 249.
  • Southampton (Hamtun), Danes attack, 266.
  • South Anglians, 160.
  • Southwark (Suthgeweore), 455, 458.
  • Spartianus, on the Roman Wall, 53.
  • Stafford, “burh” built at, 321.
  • Stamford (Steanford), 316, 323, 340.
  • Stamford Bridge, battle of, 480–482, 485, 486.
  • Stainmoor, King Eric slain at, 342.
  • Steenstrup, J. C., 257 n.
  • Steepholm (Steapa Relice), Danes at, 321.
  • Stevenson, W. H., Editor of Asser, 221 n., 270 n., 274 n., 279 n., 284 n., 299 n., 357 n., 359 n.
  • Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, 459, 472, 476.
  • Stilicho, Roman general, 72.
  • Stonehenge, neolithic work at, 5.
  • Stour, river, 117, 458.
  • Strabo, geographer, 8, 27, 493.
  • Strathclyde, kingdom of, 95, 108, 130, 144, 148, 153, 281, 325–327, 332, 333.
  • Streanæshalch. See Whitby.
  • Stubbs, Bishop, 268, 383 n., 508.
  • Stuf, nephew of Cerdic, 91.
  • Sumorsætas, 249.
  • Sussex, kingdom of, 80, 89, 174, 176, 177, 194.
  • Swearing power, scale of, 130.
  • Sweyn Estrithson, King of Denmark, 443–445.
  • Sweyn, or Swegen, King of Denmark, 371, 384, 385, 391–393.
  • Sweyn, son of Canute, 416, 417.
  • Sweyn, son of Godwine, 448–452, 455, 465.
  • Swithelm, King of East Saxons, 175 n.
  • Swithun. See St. Swithin.
  • Symeon of Durham, historian, 131, 281, 333, 334, 337, 340, 393, 502.
  • Tacitus, P. Cornelius, historian, 33, 35, 37, 41, 43, 46, 49, 50, 77, 81, 380, 494.
  • Taillefer, minstrel, 487, 488.
  • Tamworth (Tameweorthig), 322, 332, 340.
  • Tanaus, river, position discussed, 49.
  • Tasciovanus, British king, 27.
  • Taunton (Tantun), fortress built by King Ine, 216.
  • Taylor, Isaac, on distribution of Danes in England, 315, 316.
  • Telham, hill of, 485.
  • Tempsford (Temesanford), Danish fort at, 324.
  • Tettenhall, Danes defeated at, 320.
  • Teutonic conquest of England, 106–109.
  • Teutons pressed westward by Huns, 109, 110.
  • Thanet (Tenet), Isle of, 117, 118, 267, 268, 275, 353, 445.
  • Thegn right, 223.
  • Thegns, 228, 435.
  • Thelwall, Saxon “burh” at, 323.
  • Theodbald, brother of Ethelfrid, 134.
  • Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, 195–209.
  • Theodosius the Elder, 68.
  • Theodosius I., Emperor, 68, 71, 72.
  • Theodosius II. Emperor, 82.
  • Theows, or esnes, 225, 303.
  • Thetford, 277, 278, 343.
  • Thora, mother of Hakon, 331.
  • Thored, son of Gunnor, 353.
  • Thorfinn, Earl of Orkney, 462, 479.
  • Thorney Island (in Hertfordshire), 308.
  • Thorney Island (at Westminster), 457, 472.
  • Thorpe, Benjamin, 508.
  • Three Field System of farming, 221.
  • Thrum, gives coup de grâce to Saint Alphege, 390.
  • Thrymsa, value of, 235.
  • Thurcytel of Northumbria, 396.
  • Thurgils Sprakalegg, cousin of Canute, 404.
  • Thurkill, Danish leader, 391, 392, 394, 401, 404.
  • Tincommius, British king, 26.
  • Tithing, 439.
  • Titus in Britain, 33.
  • Togodumnus, British chief, 29, 31.
  • Tondheri, servant of Oswin, 167.
  • Tonsures, Greek and Roman, 179, 186, 196.
  • Torksey occupied by Danes, 281.
  • Tortulf, or Tertullus, ancestor of Counts of Anjou, 370.
  • Tostig, son of Godwine, 449, 455, 461, 463, 465, 467, 470, 471, 477, 479–481, 484.
  • Towcester (Tofeceaster), relief and fortification of, 323, 324.
  • Trebellius Maximus, Roman governor, 45.
  • Tributum, Roman, 47.
  • Trinobantes, British tribe, 17–19, 28, 40.
  • Trinoda necessitas, 432, 436.
  • Trondhjem, Canute declared King of Norway at, 414.
  • Trumwine, Bishop of Abercorn, 192, 207.
  • Tuda, Bishop of Lindisfarne, 188.
  • Tufa or thuuf ornament on banner of Edwin, 143.
  • Tunberct, Bishop of Hexham, 206.
  • Twelf-hynd man, 228, 305.
  • Twyford (Alnmouth), synod at, 206.
  • Twy-hynd man, 228, 305, 430.
  • Ubba, Danish chief, murderer of St. Edmund, 277, 278, 284.
  • Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria, 396, 407, 408.
  • Ulf, Bishop of Dorchester, 457, 459.
  • Ulfcytel, ealdorman of East Anglia, 387, 397.
  • Ulf the Jarl, brother-in-law of Canute, 404, 413, 414, 444.
  • Utta, priest sent by Edwin to King of Kent, 165.
  • Valens, Emperor of Rome, 68.
  • Valentia, province of Britannia, 68.
  • Valentinian I., Emperor of Rome, 68.
  • Valentinian III., Emperor of Rome, 88.
  • Valerius Maximus, historian, 13.
  • Val-ès-Dunes, battle of, 456.
  • Vallum runs parallel to Roman Wall, 152, 251.
  • Veranius, Roman governor of Britain, 37.
  • Verica, British king, 26.
  • Verulamium (St. Albans), Britanno-Roman town, 27, 42, 76.
  • Vespasian, officer under Aulus Plautius, afterwards Emperor, 32, 33, 45, 46.
  • Vikings, 237, 260, 341, 456.
  • Villa, Roman, 77.
  • Vinogradoff, Professor Paul, 220 n., 221 n., 226 n., 304 n., 428 n., 437 n., 508.
  • Virgate, extent of, 223.
  • Virius Lupus, Roman governor of Britain, 60.
  • Vitalian, Pope, 195.
  • Volusenus, 10, 12.
  • Vortigern, British king, 86, 88, 97, 102–104, 106, 107.
  • Vortimer, son of Vortigern, 103.
  • Vortipor, British king, 99.
  • Wace, William, 469, 483 n., 485 n., 505.
  • Wales, 34, 35, 41, 47, 74, 101, 102, 108, 123, 131, 144, 158, 186, 253, 336, 342, 449, 464, 466.
  • Wallingford, 376.
  • Waltham, minster at, 484, 490.
  • Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, 407.
  • Waltheof, son of Siward, 463.
  • Wantage, birth-place of Alfred, 272.
  • Wantsum, in Kent, 117.
  • Wapentake, Danish equivalent for hundred, 429.
  • Warburton (Weardburh), Saxon burh at, 321.
  • Wareham (Werham), 283, 364.
  • Warwick (Waerinewic), Saxon burh at, 321.
  • Watchet (Wecedport), attacked by Danes, 321.
  • Watling Street, 73, 287, 309, 324.
  • Wat’s Dyke, 251.
  • “Wealas,” Romanised Celts, 111.
  • Wedmore, treaty of, 285.
  • Weland the Smith, 287.
  • Welsh. See also Cymri, 89, 90, 93, 177, 178, 309, 321, 356.
  • Welsh Church, 123, 124, 197.
  • Wembury (Wicganbeorg), Danes attack, 266.
  • Wendel Sea, or Mediterranean, 294.
  • Wer, 300, 302.
  • Werferth, Bishop of Worcester, 291.
  • Wergild, 226, 228, 229, 300, 435.
  • Wessex, 158, 161, 179, 180, 448, 464;
  • source of chronicle, 87, 88;
  • foundation, 80, 90;
  • its decline, 140, 177, 178;
  • revival under Egbert, 263–265.
  • Westminster Abbey, 446, 472.
  • Westmorland, harried, 353.
  • West Wales (Cornwall), 6, 34, 93, 108, 123, 265, 333, 336.
  • Wherwell, abbess of, 455.
  • Whitby (Streanæshalch), synod of, 180–188.
  • White Sea, explored, 294.
  • Whithern (Candida Casa), 146.
  • Wictgils, father of Hengest, 86, 88.
  • Wighard, candidate for archbishopric, 190.
  • Wight, Isle of, 33, 66, 80, 91, 174, 178, 214, 215, 375, 392, 458, 477, 478.
  • Wigmore (Wigingamere), burh built at, 323.
  • Wihtgar in Isle of Wight, 87, 91.
  • Wihtred’s laws, 218, 219.
  • Wilfrid, his education, 183;
  • at Ripon, 184;
  • his arguments at Synod of Whitby, 185;
  • elected Bishop of York, 193;
  • Ceadda (St. Chad), appointed to same see, 195;
  • dispute settled by Theodore of Tarsus, 198;
  • builds Hexham Abbey, 200;
  • his quarrels with Egfrid and Aldfrid, 202–212;
  • his visits to Rome, 203, 209;
  • death, 212.
  • William, Bishop of London, 457.
  • William Fitz Osbern, follower of William of Normandy, 475, 487.
  • William of Jumièges, historian, 505.
  • William Longsword, son of Rolf, 368, 369.
  • William of Malmesbury, historian, 105, 241, 266, 336 n., 337, 342, 354, 356, 357, 364, 392, 394, 503.
  • William of Normandy, 456, 457, 460, 461, 467–469, 471, 475–477, 482, 484–486, 489, 490.
  • William of Poitiers, historian, 505.
  • Willibrord, missionary to Germany, 203, 236.
  • Wilton, Danish victory at, 281.
  • Wimbledon (Wibbandune), battle of, 92.
  • Wimborne (Winburne), Ethelred I. buried at, 280.
  • Winchester (Venta Belgarum, Wintanceaster), 88, 90, 91, 182, 232, 275, 297, 314, 342, 343, 355, 416,418, 423, 451, 457, 460.
  • Windermere, princes drowned in, 247.
  • Winfrid, Bishop, 203.
  • Winwaed, perhaps river Went, battle of, 170, 171.
  • Wippedes-fleote, battle of, 89.
  • Wissant, possible place of Cæsar’s embarkation, 23.
  • Wite, 227, 300, 302.
  • Witenagemot, 141, 232, 267, 301, 319, 336, 337, 356, 362, 452, 454, 455, 459, 465.
  • Wite-theows, 225.
  • Woden, 86, 90, 133, 141.
  • Wodensburh (Wansborough?), 216.
  • Wodnesbeorge, battle of, 93.
  • Worcester (Wigraceaster), insurrection at, 422.
  • Workington, Lindisfarne gospels at, 282.
  • Wrdelau, St. Cuthbert’s body at, 406.
  • Wulfhere, King of Mercia, 172, 173, 178, 191, 195.
  • Wulfmaer, squire to Brihtnoth, 379.
  • Wulfnoth Child, rebels against Ethelred, 388.
  • Wulfstan, Archbishop of York, 340–342, 353.
  • Wulfstan, Norwegian pilot, 294.
  • Wulfthryth, a novice at Wilton, 358.
  • Wuscfrea, son of Edwin, 145.
  • Wynfrith. See Boniface.
  • Xiphilinus, abbreviator of Dion Cassius, 495.
  • Yard-land, extent of, 221, 222.
  • Yeavering, palace of Edwin of Deira, 143.
  • Yffi, son of Osfrid, 142, 145.
  • York (Eburacum, Eoforwic), 67, 94, 121, 138, 141, 193, 198, 257, 276, 322, 332, 340, 342, 470, 479, 482, 484.
  • Zimmer, commentator on Nennius, 100, 497.
  • Zosimus, Greek historian, 83.