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The History of the Indian Revolt and of the Expeditions to Persia, China and Japan, 1856-7-8 cover

The History of the Indian Revolt and of the Expeditions to Persia, China and Japan, 1856-7-8

Chapter 89: CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.
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About This Book

A chronological narrative of a large-scale military uprising in India and the campaigns that suppressed it, recounting early insubordination, mutiny, sieges, massacres, desperate evacuations, and eventual restoration of order. The account surveys operations across multiple regions, contrasts the varying loyalties of different social, caste, and military groups, and highlights logistical, political, and administrative difficulties faced by authorities and troops. It describes relief efforts, tribunals and debates over punishment and army reorganization, and closes with concise notices of contemporaneous expeditions to Persia, China, and Japan and the transfer of civil governance.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

Events in India.
 
1857.
 
Jan. 22. Cartridge disturbances began at Dumdum.
Feb. 6. Cartridge grievances inquired into at Barrackpore.
Feb. 11. General Hearsey warned government of disaffection.
Feb. 26. 19th Bengal N. I. riotous at Berhampore.
Mar. 26. Cartridge disturbances at Umballa.
Mar. 27. Proclamation explaining Cartridge question.
Mar. 29. 34th B. N. I. riotous at Barrackpore.
Mar. 31. 19th B. N. I. disbanded and dismissed.
Apr. 24. Cartridge disturbances at Meerut.
May 1. Cartridge disturbances at Lucknow.
May 3. 7th Oude Infantry mutinied at Lucknow.
May 5. 34th B. N. I. disbanded and dismissed.
May 9. 3d B. N. C. punished at Meerut.
May 10. Commencement of the Great Revolt at Meerut.
May 10. Troops in Company’s pay on this day—38,000 Europeans, 200,000 Natives.
May 11. Meerut mutineers (11th and 20th B. N. I., and 3d B. N. C.) marched to Delhi.
May 11. 38th, 54th, and 74th B. N. I., mutinied at Delhi.
May 13. 16th, 26th, and 49th B. N. I., and 8th B. N. C., disarmed at Meean Meer near Lahore.
May 14. General Anson departed from Simla, to head troops.
May 16. B. N. Sappers and Miners mutinied at Meerut.
May 17. 25th B. N. I. riotous at Calcutta.
May 19. Anson’s Proclamation concerning cartridges.
May 20. 55th B. N. I. mutinied at Murdan.
May 20. 9th B. N. I. mutinied at Allygurh and vicinity,
May 21. First siege-column left Umballa for Delhi.
May 21. Europeans at Cawnpore began their intrenchment.
May 22. 24th, 27th, and 51st B. N. I., with 5th B. N. C., disarmed at Peshawur.
May 24. Colvin’s proclamation—disapproved by Viscount Canning.
May 24. Portion of Gwalior Horse mutinied at Hattrass.
May 24. General Anson left Umballa for Delhi.
May 27. General Anson died at Kurnaul
May 27. Wilson’s Field-force left Meerut for Delhi.
May 28. Reed succeeded Anson provisionally.
May 28. 15th and 30th B. N. I. mutinied at Nuseerabad.
May 30. Portions of 13th, 48th, and 71st B. N. I., with 7th N. C., mutinied at Lucknow.
May 30. Wilson defeated Delhi rebels at Ghazeeoodeen Nuggur.
May 31. Wilson defeated Delhi rebels, near the Hindoun.
May 31. Barnard left Kurnaul to command army against Delhi.
May 31. 28th B. N. I. mutinied at Shahjehanpoor.
June 1. 44th and 67th B. N. I. disarmed at Agra.
June 3. 17th B. N. I. mutinied at Azimghur.
June 3. 41st B. N. I., 9th and 10th Oude Irreg. I., and 2d Oude Mil. Police, mutinied at Seetapoor.
June 3. 29th B. N. I. mutinied at Mooradabad.
June 3. 72d B. N. I., and a wing of 1st B. N. C., mutinied at Neemuch.
June 4. 37th B. N. I., 13th Irreg. C., and Loodianah Sikhs, mutinied at Benares.
June 4. 12th B. N. I., and 14th Irreg. C., mutinied at Jhansi.
June 5. 1st, 53d, and 56th B. N. I., and 2d B. N. C., mutinied at Cawnpore.
June 5. Wing of Loodianah Sikhs mutinied at Jounpoor.
June 6. Barnard and Wilson joined forces at Bhagput.
June 6. 6th B. N. I. mutinied at Allahabad.
June 6. ? Hurrianah Battalion mutinied at Hansi.
June 6. ? Bhurtpore Levies mutinied at Bhurtpore.
June 7. 36th and 61st B. N. I., and 6th B. C., mutinied at Jullundur.
June 8. 22d B. N. I., and 6th Oude I., mutinied at Fyzabad.
June 8. ? Massacre of Europeans at Jhansi.
June 8. Barnard defeated Delhi rebels at Badulla Serai.
June 8. Barnard arrived with siege-army before Delhi.
June 9. 15th Irreg. C. mutinied at Sultanpore.
June 9. Europeans driven from Futtehpoor by rebels.
June 10. 1st Oude Irreg. I. mutinied at Pershadeepore.
June 10. Wing of 12th B. N. I., and 14th Irreg. C., mutinied at Nowgong.
June 10. ? Europeans driven from Neemuch by rebels.
June 11. Neill relieved Allahabad from the rebels.
June 11. 60th B. N. I. mutinied at Rohtuk.
June 12. First boat-party from Futteghur massacred by Nena Sahib.
June 13. Press ‘Gagging’ Act passed at Calcutta.
June 13. 45th and 57th B. N. I. mutinied at Ferozpore.
June 14. 43d and 70th B. N. I. and 2d N. C. disarmed at Barrackpore.
June 14. Gwalior Contingent mutinied at Gwalior.
June 15. King of Oude under surveillance at Calcutta.
June 18. 10th B. N. I. mutinied at Futteghur.
June 19. Defeat of Nuseerabad rebels outside Delhi.
June 23. Nagpoor Irreg. C. disarmed at Nagpoor.
June 23. Severe Battle outside Delhi.
June 26. 33d and 35th B. N. I. disarmed at Phillour.
June 27. First news of the Revolt reached England.
June 27. Boat-massacre at Cawnpore, by Nena Sahib.
June 30. Disastrous Battle of Chinhut, near Lucknow.
June 30. 4th Irreg. C. mutinied at Mozuffernugger.
June 30. Europeans at Saugor intrench themselves in fort.
July 1. Europeans driven out of Indore.
July 1. 23d B. N. I. mutinied at Mhow.
July 1. Siege of Europeans in Lucknow began.
July 2. Severe Battle outside Delhi.
July 2. Rohilcund mutineers entered Delhi.
July 3. Mussulman Conspiracy discovered at Patna.
July 4. Death of Sir H. Lawrence at Lucknow.
July 4. Kotah Contingent mutinied at Agra.
July 5. Death of Sir H. Barnard outside Delhi.
July 5. Reed took command of siege-army.
July 5. Disastrous Battle of Shahgunje, near Agra.
July 7. 14th B. N. I. mutinied at Jelum.
July 7. 58th B. N. I. disarmed at Rawul Pindee.
July 7. Havelock’s column left Allahabad for Cawnpore.
July 7. 42d B. N. I., and 3d Irreg. C., mutinied at Saugor.
July 9. 46th B. N. I., and 9th C., mutinied at Sealkote.
July 11. Second boat-party from Futteghur arrived at Bithoor.
July 12. Nicholson defeated Sealkote mutineers.
July 12. Havelock defeated rebels at Futtehpoor.
July 12. Sir Colin Campbell left England for India.
July 14. Severe Battle outside Delhi.
July 15. Havelock defeated rebels at Aong.
July 15. Havelock defeated rebels at Pandoo Nuddee.
July 15. Massacre at Cawnpore, by Nena Sahib.
July 16. Havelock defeated Nena Sahib at Aherwa.
July 17. Havelock entered Cawnpore victoriously.
July 17. Havelock defeated Nena Sahib near Bithoor.
July 17. Reed resigned command before Delhi—Wilson succeeded.
July 20. Fierce Attack by rebels on Lucknow Garrison.
July 24. 12th Irreg. C. mutinied at Segowlie.
July 25. Havelock crossed Ganges into Oude.
July 25. 7th, 8th, and 40th B. N. I. mutinied at Dinapoor.
July 26. Nearly 6000 persons sheltered in Agra Fort, of whom 2000 children.
July 27. Mr Wake’s defence of Arrah commenced.
July 29. 26th B. N. I. mutinied at Lahore.
July 29. Havelock defeated rebels at Onao.
July 29. Havelock defeated rebels at Busherutgunje.
July 30. Captain Dunbar’s disaster at Arrah.
July 31. Ramgurh Infantry mutinied at Ramgurh.
July 31. Siege-army before Delhi = 6918 effectives, and 1116 sick and wounded.
Aug. 1. 63d B. N. I. and 11th Irreg. C. disarmed at Berhampore.
Aug. 1. Severe Battle outside Delhi.
Aug. 1. 27th Bombay N. I. mutinied at Kolapore.
Aug. 2. Vincent Eyre defeated Koer Singh near Arrah.
Aug. 8. 59th B. N. I. disarmed at Umritsir.
Aug. 8. Nicholson arrived with his Column at Delhi.
Aug. 10. Severe Battle outside Delhi.
Aug. 12. Havelock’s second victory at Busherutgunje.
Aug. 12. Vincent Eyre defeated Koer Singh at Jugdispore.
Aug. 13. Havelock retreated across Ganges to Cawnpore.
Aug. 14. 5th Irreg. C. mutinied at Berhampore.
Aug. 15-18. Hodson defeated rebels outside Delhi.
Aug. 16. Havelock defeated Nena Sahib at Bithoor.
Aug. 20. Fierce attack by the rebels on Lucknow Residency.
Aug. 22. Jhodpore Legion mutinied at Erinpoora.
Aug. 24. Montgomery defeated rebels at Allygurh.
Aug. 25. Nicholson won Battle of Nujuffghur near Delhi,
Aug. 25. Meeting in London at the Mansion-house, to establish Indian Mutiny Relief Fund.
Aug. 28. 51st B. N. I. mutinied at Peshawur.
Sep. 5. Outram’s Column left Allahabad for Cawnpore.
Sep. 5. Fierce attack by rebels on Lucknow Residency.
Sep. 7. Indore mutineers captured Dholpore.
Sep. 7. Siege-army before Delhi = 13,000 men.
Sep. 9. Mr Colvin died at Agra.
Sep. 11. Cannonading of Delhi commenced.
Sep. 11. Viscount Eyre defeated rebels at Koondun Puttee.
Sep. 14. Delhi entered by storm—death of Nicholson.
Sep. 15-20. Gradual Conquest of Delhi city and fortifications.
Sep. 15-20. Outram joined Havelock and Neill at Cawnpore.
Sep. 16. 50th B. N. I. mutinied at Nagode.
Sep. 18. 52d B. N. I. mutinied at Jubbulpoor.
Sep. 19. Outram and Havelock crossed Ganges into Oude.
Sep. 20. Goorkhas defeated rebels at Mundoree.
Sep. 21. Hodson captured King and Princes of Delhi.
Sep. 23. Outram and Havelock captured the Alum Bagh.
Sep. 25. Outram and Havelock entered Lucknow Residency.
Sep. 25. Death of Neill at Lucknow.
Sep. 27. Outram and Havelock besieged in Residency.
Sep. 28. Greathed defeated Delhi rebels at Bolundshuhur.
Oct. 3. Peel’s Naval Brigade arrived at Allahabad.
Oct. 5. Greathed defeated Delhi rebels at Allygurh.
Oct. 9. 32d B. N. I. mutinied at Deoghur.
Oct. 10. Greathed defeated Indore rebels near Agra.
Oct. 15. Gwalior Contingent took the field, as a rebel army.
Oct. 15. Rajah of Kotah’s troops mutinied.
Oct. 19. Greathed and Hope Grant retook Minpooree.
Oct. 26. Greathed and Hope Grant arrived at Cawnpore.
Oct. 28. Sir Colin Campbell started from Calcutta, for scene of hostilities.
Nov. 1. Peel’s Naval Brigade defeated rebels at Kudjna.
Nov. 9. Mr Cavanagh’s adventure at Lucknow.
Nov. 9. Europeans besieged in Fort of Neemuch.
Nov. 9. Sir Colin Campbell crossed Ganges into Oude.
Nov. 12. Sir Colin Campbell captured Jelalabad Fort.
Nov. 14-17. Sir Colin Campbell fought his way into Lucknow.
Nov. 18. Wing of 34th B. N. I. mutinied at Chittagong.
Nov. 20. ? 73d B. N. I. mutinied at Dacca.
Nov. 23. British evacuated Lucknow.
Nov. 24. Stuart defeated Bundela rebels near Mundesoor.
Nov. 25. Death of Havelock, outside Lucknow.
Nov. 27-28. Windham beaten by Gwalior rebels near Cawnpore.
Nov. 29. Lucknow Garrison recross Ganges to Cawnpore.
Dec. 6. Sir Colin defeated 25,000 rebels at Cawnpore.
Dec. 9. Hope Grant defeated rebels at Serai Ghât.
Dec. 14-17. Seaton defeated rebels in Minpooree district.
Dec. 19. Government announced to East India Company an approaching change in Company’s powers.
Dec. 28. Osborne reconquered Myhere from Bundela rebels.
Dec. 30. Wood defeated rebels near Sumbhulpore.
Dec. 31. East India Company protested against the proposed legislation for India.
 
1858.
 
Jan. 1. Bareilly mutineers defeated at Huldwanee.
Jan. 3. Sir Colin Campbell arrived at Futteghur.
Jan. 6. Jung Bahadoor and his Goorkha army entered Goruckpore.
Jan. 6. Raines defeated a body of rebels at Rowah.
Jan. 12. Outram defeated 30,000 rebels outside Alum Bagh.
Jan. 27. Adrian Hope defeated rebels at Shumshabad.
Jan. 27. Trial of the King of Delhi commenced.
Jan. 28. East India Company petitioned Parliament against government proceedings.
Feb. 3. Rose liberated the Europeans at Saugor.
Feb. 4. Sir Colin returned to Cawnpore from Futteghur.
Feb. 4. Maxwell repulsed Gwalior rebels at Chowra.
Feb. 9. Sir Colin and Canning met at Allahabad.
Feb. 9. Delhi and Meerut divisions placed under Punjaub government.
Feb. 10. M’Causland repulsed Bareilly rebels at Sunda.
Feb. 11. Great convoy of women and children left Agra.
Feb. 12. Lord Palmerston brought in India Bill No. 1.
Feb. 12-18. Debates thereon—government majority, 318 to 173.
Feb. 19. Franks defeated Bunda Hossein at Chundah.
Feb. 19. Franks defeated Mahomed Hossein at Humeerpoor.
Feb. 20. Palmerston Ministry resigned.
Feb. 21. Derby Ministry formed—Lord Ellenborough at the India Board.
Feb. 21. Outram repulsed 20,000 rebels at Alum Bagh.
Feb. 23. Hope Grant took Meeangunje from Oude rebels.
Feb. 26. Goorkhas captured fort of Mobarukhpoor in Oude.
Feb. 28. Sir Colin crossed Ganges, to head his army.
Mar. 2. Sir Colin advanced to the Alum Bagh.
Mar. 2-21. Gradual conquest of Lucknow from rebels.
Mar. 3. Viscount Canning’s Proclamation to the Oudians.
Mar. 4. Rose defeated Bundelas at Mudenpore Pass.
Mar. 5. Rowcroft repulsed 12,000 rebels at Goruckpore.
Mar. 5. Goorkhas defeated Oude rebels at Kandoo Nuddee.
Mar. 10. Rose defeated rebel Rajah of Shagurh.
Mar. 10. Roberts headed the Rajpootana Field-force.
Mar. 11. Jung Bahadoor joined Sir Colin outside Lucknow.
Mar. 11. Showers defeated a body of rebels at Bah.
Mar. 16. Return of the Guide Corps to Peshawur.
Mar. 17. Stuart captured Chendaree from rebels.
Mar. 21. Rose with Siege-army arrived before Jhansi.
Mar. 21. Lucknow finally conquered by British.
Mar. 22. Millman repulsed by Azimghur rebels at Atrowlia.
Mar. 22. Roberts with Siege-army arrived before Kotah.
Mar. 25. Moncrieff routed a body of Coles at Chuckerderpore.
Mar. 26. Mr Disraeli brought in India Bill No. 2.
Mar. 29. Army of Oude broken up into separate columns.
Mar. 30. Roberts captured Kotah.
Apr. 1. Rose defeated Tanteea Topee outside Jhansi.
Apr. 2. Rose captured Jhansi—Ranee escaped.
Apr. 2. Kerr defeated Dinapoor rebels near Azimghur.
Apr. 2. Death of Captain Sir William Peel at Cawnpore.
Apr. 6. Seaton defeated Minpooree Rajah at Kankur.
Apr. 7. East India Company protested against both India Bills.
Apr. 12. House of Commons determined to proceed by Resolutions on India Bill.
Apr. 14. Disaster at Rhodamow under Walpole.
Apr. 14. Death of Adrian Hope at Rhodamow.
Apr. 17. Rowcroft defeated rebels at Amorah.
Apr. 17. Jones defeated Rohilcund rebels at Nagul.
Apr. 18. Sir Colin resumed operations from Cawnpore.
Apr. 18. Douglas defeated Koer Singh at Azimutgurh.
Apr. 18. Douglas defeated Koer Singh at Muneer Khas.
Apr. 19. Ellenborough’s ‘Secret Dispatch’ written.
Apr. 19. Whitlock took Banda, and defeated Nawab.
Apr. 21. Le Grand’s disaster at Jugdispore.
Apr. 21. Jones defeated Rohilcund rebels at Nageena.
Apr. 21. Koer Singh eluded Douglas, and crossed Ganges.
Apr. 22. Walpole defeated rebels at Sirsa.
Apr. 25. Jones recovered Mooradabad from Oude rebels.
Apr. 25. Sir Colin reached Futteghur.
Apr. 27. Sir Colin entered Rohilcund.
Apr. 28. Sir Colin joined Walpole at Ramgunga.
Apr. 30. Sir Colin entered Shahjehanpoor.
Apr. 30. Penny’s Column won Battle of Kukerowlee.
Apr. 30. Death of Penny at Kukerowlee.
Apr. 30. Mr Disraeli brought in ‘Resolutions’ in House of Commons.
May 3. Lugard crossed Ganges in pursuit of Koer Singh.
May 3-11. Hall held fort of Shahjehanpoor against 8000 rebels.
May 5. Sir Colin defeated rebels outside Bareilly.
May 7. Sir Colin captured Bareilly—rebel leaders escaped.
May 7. Corps of Bengal European Cavalry determined on.
May 9. Lugard defeated Koer Singh at Jugdispore—Koer Singh killed.
May 9. Rose marched in pursuit of Tanteea Topee and the Ranee.
May 11. Rose defeated them at Koonch.
May 11. Jones relieved Hall at Shahjehanpoor.
May 11. Ellenborough resigned—Lord Stanley appointed to Board of Control.
May 12. Lugard defeated Ummer Singh near Jugdispore.
May 12. Hope Grant defeated 16,000 Oude rebels at Sirsee.
May 14-21. Great debates in parliament, on Canning’s Proclamation and Ellenborough’s Dispatch.
May 15. Jones attacked in great force at Shahjehanpoor.
May 15-23. Rose in fierce conflict with Tanteea Topee in and near Calpee.
May 17. Jung Bahadoor returned to Nepaul.
May 18. Sir Colin repulsed rebels at Shahjehanpoor.
May 21. Light summer clothing ordered for troops.
May 22. Coke joined Sir Colin from Pileebheet.
May 23. Rose captured Calpee—Tanteea Topee, Ranee of Jhansi, and Nawab of Banda, fled towards Gwalior.
May 24. Incendiarism at Allahabad.
May 24. Sir Colin captured fort of Mohumdee.
May 26. Railway opened from Allahabad to Futtehpoor.
May 28. Sir Colin returned to Futteghur from Rohilcund and Oude.
May 28. Sir Colin thanked his army for past services.
May 30. Rebel leaders from Calpee arrived at Gwalior.
June 1. Scindia defeated by Tanteea Topee and Calpee rebels.
June 2. Rebels captured Gwalior—Scindia fled to Agra.
June 4. Lugard defeated rebels in Jugdispore jungle.
June 7. Lord Stanley resumed India debates in House of Commons.
June 9. Mahomed Hossein defeated at Amorah.
June 9-11. Moncrieff defeated rebels at Chuckerderpore.
June 13. Hope Grant defeated 16,000 rebels at Nawabgunge.
June 15. The Moulvie killed in action at Powayne.
June 16. Rose arrived near Gwalior.
June 16-19. Great Battle in and near Gwalior.
June 17. Death of the Ranee of Jhansi at Gwalior.
June 17. Lord Stanley brought in India Bill No. 3.
June 17. Canning’s reply to Ellenborough’s Secret Dispatch.
June 18. Mahomed Hossein defeated at Hurreah.
June 20. Rose recaptured Gwalior, and reinstated Scindia.
June 21. Napier left Gwalior in pursuit of Tanteea Topee.
June 23. East India Company’s objections to Bill No. 3.
June 24. India Bill read second time in Commons.
June 29. Mr Manson murdered by Rajah of Nargoond.
End of month. 30th and 31st Bombay N. I. formed, to contain faithful men from mutinous 21st and 27th.
End of month. Faithful men of mutinous 3d, 36th, and 61st Bengal N. I., formed into a new regiment in Punjaub.
July 2. Roberts with Rajpootana Field-force reach Jeypoor.
July 8. India Bill passed the Commons.
July 9. India Bill read a first time in Lords.
July 9. Tanteea Topee plundered Tonk—soon afterwards driven out by Holmes.
July 12. Rajah of Nargoond hanged at Belgaum.
July 13. India Bill read second time in the Lords.
July 14-20. Berkeley captured several small forts in Oude.
July 17. Rattray captured rebel chiefs at Dehree.
July 21. Hope Grant set out from Lucknow to confront rebels.
July 23. Roberts left Tonk in pursuit of Tanteea Topee.
July 28. Hope Grant relieved Maun Singh from siege at Shahgunje.
July 29. Hope Grant entered Fyzabad, and drove out rebels.
July 30. Cavanagh defeated a body of rebels in Muhiabad.
July 31. India Bill passed the Lords.
July 31. Outbreak of prisoners at Mymensing.
Aug. 1. Bundela rebels seized Jaloun—expelled by Macduff.
Aug. 2. India Bill (Act) received royal assent.
Aug. 3. Man Singh captured Paoree.
Aug. 7. Court of Directors elected seven members for new Council of India.
Aug. 8. Roberts defeated Tanteea Topee at Sunganeer.
Aug. 11. Parkes headed a column from Neemuch, to check Tanteea Topee.
Aug. 12. Tanteea Topee checked at Marwar frontier, by Erinpoora force.
Aug. 13. Horsford retook Sultanpore from Oude rebels.
Aug. 13. Carpenter defeated rebels near Kirwee.
Aug. 14. Roberts defeated Tanteea Topee at Kattara.
Aug. 20. Tanteea Topee crossed Chumbul to Julra Patteen.
Aug. 23. Napier drove Man Singh out of Paoree.
Aug. 25-29. Hope Grant fighting with Oude rebels outside Sultanpoor.
Aug. 29. Brahmin plot discovered at Gwalior.
Aug. 31. Disarmed 62d and 69th B. N. I. mutinied at Moultan.
Aug. 31. Man Singh encamped at Sirsee, north of Goonah.
Sep. 1. Ashburner defeated rebels near Mahoni.
Sep. 1. Last day of E. I. Company’s governing power.
Sep. 2. New Council of India commenced its sittings.
Sep. 5. Napier defeated Man Singh at Bujeepore.
Sep. 15. Michel defeated Tanteea Topee at Beora.
Sep. 16-30. Continuous chase after Tanteea Topee, by various British columns.
Oct. 3-8. Dawson besieged by Oude rebels at Sundeela.
Oct. 5. Eveleigh defeated rebels at Meeangunje.
Oct. 8. Barker and Dawson defeated rebels at Punno.
Oct. 19. Tanteea Topee defeated by Michel at Sindwah.
Oct. 25. Tanteea Topee defeated at Multhone.
Oct. 29. Beni Madhoo defeated at Poorwa.
Oct. 30. Mehndee Hossein defeated at Sufdergunje.
Oct. 31. Tanteea Topee crossed the Nerbudda.
Nov. 1. Queen’s Proclamation issued.
Nov. 1. Sir Colin’s final plans laid.
November. Gradual defeat and surrender of rebels in Oude and Behar.
November. Gradual defeat and surrender of rebels in Central India.
 
 
Events in Persia.
 
1856.
 
(Summer). Persia sent an army against Herat.
Aug. 22. Orders received at Bombay to prepare fleet and army against Persia.
Oct. 22. East India Company protested against expense of Persian Expedition.
Oct. 22. Orders received at Bombay for force to embark.
Oct. 26. Persians captured Herat.
Nov. 1. Governor-general declared war against Persia.
Nov. 20. Outram departed from England to command Persian Expedition.
Nov. 26. Stalker left Bombay for Persian Gulf.
Dec. 7. Stalker and 1st Division landed near Bushire.
Dec. 10. Stalker and 1st Division captured Bushire.
 
1857.
 
Jan. 30. Outram arrived at Bushire, with 2d Column.
Feb. 3. Debates in Parliament concerning Persia.
Feb. 3. Outram marched from Bushire to Borasjoon.
Feb. 9. Night-attack by Persians at Khoosh-aub.
Feb. 12. ? Havelock arrived at Bushire.
Mar. 4. Treaty of Peace between England and Persis signed at Paris.
Mar. 14. Suicide of Stalker at Bushire.
Mar. 17. Suicide of Ethersey at Bushire.
Mar. 19. Treaty of Peace ratified at London.
Mar. 26. Outram defeated Persians at Mohamrah.
Apr. 1. Rennie defeated Persians at Ahwaz.
Apr. 5. News of the Treaty reached Bushire.
Apr. 14. Treaty ratified at Teheran.
May 9. Outram’s army in Persia broken up.
May 12. ? Outram and Havelock left Persia for India.
(Autumn). Evacuation of Herat by the Persians, and consequent evacuation of Persia by the British.
 
 
Events in China and Japan.
 
1856.
 
Oct. 8. Affair of the Lorcha Arrow near Canton.
Oct. 23-25. Seymour captured Forts in Canton river.
Oct. 28-29. Partial Bombardment of Canton.
Nov. 3. Yeh refused a personal conference.
Nov. 6. Naval action with junks in Canton river.
Nov. 8. Chinese employed fire-rafts against British ships.
Nov. 26. British captured other Forts below Canton.
Dec. 10. Bowring’s proceedings approved by home government.
Dec. 11. Dispute at Nagasaki with Japanese authorities.
 
1857.
 
Jan. 1-4. Attacks and counter-attacks in Canton river.
Jan. 10. Bowring’s further proceedings approved.
Jan. 26. Japanese edict favourable to English ships.
Feb. 3. Debates in parliament on Chinese affairs.
Feb. 12. Partial destruction of Canton by the British.
Feb. 24. Great debate in House of Lords on China.
Mar. 3. House of Commons condemned Chinese War—Ministers therefore dissolved parliament.
Apr. 6. War-junks destroyed in Canton river.
Apr. 7. ? Ashburnham left England for China.
Apr. 21. Elgin left England for China.
May 25. Attack on junks in Escape Creek.
June 1. Attack on junks in Fatshan Creek.
July (early). Elgin arrived at Hong-kong.
July (end). Elgin proceeded to confer with Canning at Calcutta.
Sep. 9. Elliot made reconnaissance of Chinese junk-fleet.
Dec. 12. Elgin sent formal demands on Yeh.
Dec. 24. On Yeh’s refusal, Elgin resolved on stern measures.
Dec. 28-31. Cannonading and fighting around Canton.
Dec. 31. British captured all the defences of Canton.
 
1858.
 
Jan. 5. Parkes captured Commissioner Yeh.
Jan. 9. Provisional government established at Canton.
Feb. 10. Blockade of Canton river ended.
Mar. (end). Elgin proceeded to Shang-hae.
Apr. 24. Elgin sent his demands to the emperor at Pekin.
Apr. 30. Emperor appointed a plenipotentiary.
May 20. Negotiations failing, Elgin resumed hostilities.
May 20. Forts on the Pei-ho destroyed by English.
June 3. Straubenzee encountered Chinese outside Canton.
June 26. Elgin signed Treaty with China at Tien-sing.
July 6. Elgin returned to Shang-hae.
Aug. 3. Elgin went to Nagasaki in Japan.
Aug. 11. Namtow punished for breach of flag of truce.
Aug. 16. Elgin arrived at Jedo.
Aug. 26. Elgin signed Treaty with Japan at Jedo.
Sep. & Oct. Gradual settlement of details of Chinese tariff.