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The history of the Jews: From the war with Rome to the present time cover

The history of the Jews: From the war with Rome to the present time

Chapter 104: INDEX.
By H. C. Adams
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About This Book

A chronological popular history that traces the Jewish people from the aftermath of the Roman wars through the late nineteenth century, surveying revolts, sieges, dispersal, and settlement across Europe, the Mediterranean, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. It examines changing relations with imperial and local rulers, legal and social disabilities, expulsions and migrations, and internal religious and intellectual developments including rabbinic learning, philosophy, mystical movements, and modern reforms. The narrative emphasizes recurring patterns of persecution and resilience while summarizing regional variations in social, cultural, and communal life.

INDEX.

  • A.

  • Abarbanel (Isaac), 234, 239, 249, 256.

  • Abarbanel (the brothers), 249.

  • Abasside Caliphs, 137.

  • Abba-bar-Huna, 64 n.

  • Abbas I., Shah, 278.

  • ”  II.  ”  279, 309.

  • Abdalla, Caliph, 130.

  • ”    father of Mahomet, 89.

  • Abdebrahim, 158.

  • Abdel-Muman, Caliph, 144.

  • Abderachman I., or Abderraman, Caliph, 111, 127.

  • Abderachman II., Caliph, 129.

  • Abendana, 264.

  • Aben-Ezra, 157.

  • Aberdeen, Lord, 368.

  • Abner, Rabbi, 218.

  • Aboab, Emmanuel, 307.

  • ”  Isaac, 307.

  • Abraham, the Patriarch, 17, 59, 91.

  • Abraham, Rabbi, 288.

  • ”    Usque, 258.
  • ”    of Wallingford, 182.

  • Abrantes, 261.

  • Abu Beker, Caliph, 94, 95 n.

  • ”  Giafar, 108.

  • Abul Abbas, Caliph, 112.

  • Acra, Mount, 29.

  • Adonis, Worship of, 51.

  • Adrian, Emperor, 42, 43, 47, 51.

  • Adrianople, 313.

  • Ælia Capitolina, 51.

  • Æthiopia, 92, 115.

  • Ætius, 92.

  • Africa, 96.

  • Ageda, Plain of, 286.

  • Agobard, Bishop, 125.

  • Agrippa I., King, 21.

  • ”    II.  ”  25.

  • Agrippina, 297.

  • Ahmed Kader, Caliph, 130.

  • Aila, 94.

  • Aizhadin, 95.

  • Akiba, Rabbi, 44-50.

  • Alarcos, 145.

  • Albert, D., of Austria, 203, 207.

  • Albigenses, 171, 235.

  • Albinus, Procurator, 24.

  • Alcantara, Bishop of, 214 n.

  • Alexander, Tiber., Procur., 23, 26.

  • Alexander II., Czar, 368.

  • ”    II., Pope, 132.
  • ”    IV.    ”  197, 201.
  • ”    VI.    ”  222, 240 n., 242.

  • Alexandria, 22 n., 42, 76, 81, 96, 372.

  • Alexandria, Library at, 95.

  • Algiers, 281.

  • Alkihoran, 128.

  • All Saints’ Day, 186.

  • Almamon, Caliph, 107 n.

  • Almohades, The, 144.

  • Almozal, 161.

  • Alphonso II., King of Naples, 239.

  • Alphonso IV., King of Portugal, 244.

  • Alphonso V., King of Portugal, 239 n.

  • Alphonso V., King of Spain, 234.

  • ”    VI.  ”      ”    133.
  • ”    VII.  ”      ”    145.
  • ”    VIII. ”      ”    145.
  • ”    IX.  ”      ”    145.
  • ”    X.    ”      ”    173, 176 n.

  • Alphonso XI., King of Spain, 213.

  • Alroy, El David, 155, 314.

  • Alsatia, 168, 203, 206, 320, 357.

  • Alvarez, Father, 119 n.

  • ”    Garcia, 230.

  • Al Wathek, Caliph, 110.

  • Alypius, 68.

  • Amaria, 155.

  • Ambivius, Procurator, 20.

  • Ambrose, Bishop, 72.

  • Amina, 89.

  • Ammianus Marcellinus, App. IV.

  • Amru, 96.

  • Amsterdam, 119, 292, 294, 301, 312.

  • Anakia, 311.

  • Ananus, High Priest, 30, 31 n.

  • ”    of Babylon, 109.

  • Anastasius, Emperor, 83.

  • Ancona, 252, 255.

  • Andalusia, 174, 232.

  • Anencletus II., Pope, 200.

  • Angoulême, 191.

  • Anjou, Duke of, 194.

  • Antioch, 26, 72 n.

  • Antiochus Epiphanes, 118.

  • ”    King of Commagene, 34 n.

  • Antipas, Herod, 21.

  • Antipatris, 28.

  • Antonelli, Cardinal, 359, 360.

  • Antonia, Tower of, 30, 35.

  • Antoninus, Emperor, 54.

  • Antwerp, 258.

  • Appollonius Tyaneus, 59.

  • Aquitaine, 122.

  • Arabia, 92, 98, 155.

  • Arabian Nights, 115.

  • Aragon, 171, 177, 217, 228, 233.

  • Arbues D’Avila, 238.

  • Arch of Titus, 39.

  • Archelaus, 19.

  • Arianism, 100.

  • Arians, 73, 92, 100 n.

  • Aristobulus, 21.

  • Aristotle, 159.

  • Arles, 126.

  • Armleder, 203.

  • Arnheim, 219.

  • Arnold, Archbishop, 142 n.

  • Artaxerxes, King, 85.

  • Asa or Asche, Rabbi, 85.

  • Asaph, St., Bishop (Drummond), 345.

  • Ascalon, 44, 162.

  • Ashkenaz, 340 n.

  • Ashkenazim, 292 n., 340 n.

  • Assassins, 31.

  • Augustus, Emperor, 20, 55.

  • Aurelian, Emperor, 60.

  • Aurelius, Emperor, 54, 298.

  • Austerlitz, Battle of, 356.

  • Austria, 169, 365.

  • Averroes, 158.

  • Avignon, 201, 252, 255, 274, 320.

  • Avila, Bishop of, 232.

  • Ayala, Lopes de, 215.

  • Azores, 121.

  • Azotus, 54.

  • B

  • Baalbek, 95.

  • Babylon, 40, 128.

  • Babylonian Schools, 129.

  • Baechoo, 116.

  • Bagdad, 161, 162.

  • Bajazet, Sultan, 252 n.

  • Balavignus, 205.

  • Balsora, 116.

  • Bamberg, 273.

  • Banditono, 206.

  • Bannister’s ‘Holy Land,’ 225 n.

  • Barabbas (Jew of Malta), 225 n.

  • Barbarini, Cardinal, 307.

  • Barbary, 228.

  • Barcelona, 138, 160, 217, 240.

  • ”      Cortes at, 172.

  • Barchochebas, 44-50.

  • Barons’ War, 184.

  • Basle, Council at, 206.

  • Basnage, 112, 123.

  • Basques, The, 231.

  • Bassorah, 161.

  • Bauer, Bruno, 362.

  • Bavaria, 141.

  • Bayonne, 276, 319.

  • Beausobre, 65 n.

  • Belgium, 365.

  • Belgrade, 314.

  • Belisarius, 84 n., 92, 94 n.

  • Belmont, Baron de, 305.

  • Beltran, Bishop, 230.

  • Benedict XIII., Pope, 230.

  • ”    XIV.    ” 338.
  • ”    the Jew, 150.

  • Beni Israel, The, 120.

  • Benjamin of Tudela, 112, 115, 155 n., 157, 161.

  • Bennefeld, 206.

  • Berlin, 324, 336.

  • ”    Treaty of, 369.

  • Bernaldes, 239.

  • Bernard of Clairvaulx, 136 n., 142, 199, 200 n.

  • Bernard the Banker, 321.

  • ”    the Monk, 220.

  • Bernardino di Feltre, 222.

  • Berne, 205.

  • Bernhardt, Herr, 336.

  • Bethlehem, 51, 247.

  • Bethor, or Bither, 44, 49.

  • Bezetha, 29, 30.

  • Beziers, Jews of, 122 n., 127.

  • Black Death, 204.

  • Blanche of Castile, 164, 166.

  • Blood Accusations, 73 n., 142, 183, 366, App. V.

  • Bohemia, 146, 209.

  • Bokhara, 376.

  • Boleslaus of Poland, 208.

  • Bologna, 202, 257, 358, 359.

  • Bomberg, 258.

  • Boniface IX., Pope, 244.

  • Bordeaux, 191, 276, 319.

  • Borgia, Roderic, 298.

  • Borne, Louis, 337.

  • Borromeo, Cardinal, 224.

  • Borrow’s ‘Bible in Spain,’ 265 n.

  • Bosnia, 314.

  • Bosra, 95.

  • Botouschani, 370 n.

  • Brabant, 208.

  • Braganza, 244.

  • Bragaza, 239 n.

  • Brandenburgh, 271.

  • Brazil, 299, 373.

  • Bremen, 361.

  • Brentford, 341.

  • Brescia, 223.

  • Breslau, 220, 337 n.

  • Brett, Samuel, 286, 287.

  • Bristol, Jew of, 154.

  • Brokers, Jewish, 349.

  • Bruhl, Count, 338.

  • Brunn, 335.

  • Brussels, 208.

  • Buda, 286.

  • Bular, King, 111.

  • Burgos, 217.

  • ”    Bishop of, 218.
  • ”    Council of, 213.

  • Buxtorf, 200, App. II.

  • C.

  • Cabbala, Appendix III.

  • Cabbalists, 109, 157.

  • Cæsarea, 20, 24, 26, 44, 84.

  • Cairo, 281, 372.

  • Caligula, Emperor, 21, 22.

  • Calixtus III., Pope, 222.

  • Canon, Don Santo de, 218.

  • Canterbury, Archb. of (Sumner), 351, 353.

  • Canton, 116.

  • Caorsini, The, 199.

  • Capistran, 220.

  • Capnio. See Reuchlin.

  • Cappadocia, 114.

  • Captivity, Princes of, 41, 114.

  • Caracalla, Emperor, 58.

  • Cardoso, 315.

  • Carlisle, Earl of, 351.

  • Carthagena, 240.

  • Carulet, 206.

  • Carvajal, 211 n.

  • Casimir III., King of Poland, 204, 208.

  • Cassius, Avidius, 54.

  • Castile, 228.

  • Catherine, Regent of Spain, 229.

  • ”      of Portugal, 303.

  • Cavades, King of Persia, 85.

  • Cayenne, 299.

  • Census of Spanish Jews, 176.

  • Chajon, Nehemiah, 315.

  • Chanina, 85.

  • Charlemagne, Emperor, 123.

  • Charles the Bald, Emperor, 126.

  • ”    V.,          ”    261.
  • ”    VI.,        ”    332.
  • ”    VII.,        ”    327.
  • ”    II., King of England, 303.
  • ”    II., King of France, 127.
  • ”    III.,  ”      ”    127.
  • ”    IV.,  ”      ”    193.
  • ”    V.,    ”      ”    194.
  • ”    VI.,  ”      ”    195.
  • ”    VIII., ”      ”    257.
  • ”    II., King of Spain, 301.
  • ”    III.,  ”      ”    317.
  • ”    IV.,  ”      ”    318.

  • Charles Edward, 342.

  • ”    of Moravia, 207.

  • Chasidim, 377.

  • Chaucer, 183.

  • Chelmnicki, 292.

  • Chignon, 192.

  • Chillon, 205.

  • Chilperic, 83, 105.

  • China, Jews of, 116.

  • ”    Cochin, Jews of, 119, 120.

  • Chisuk Emuna, 270 n.

  • Chosroes, King of Persia, 91, 93, 115, 118.

  • Chouts, 162.

  • Claudius, Emperor, 23, 55.

  • Clement IV., Pope.

  • ”    V.,    ”  201, 204.
  • ”    VI.,    ”  201, 207, 244.
  • ”    VII.,  ”  252.
  • ”    VIII.,  ”  255.
  • ”    XII.,  ”  318.
  • ”    XIII.,  ”  338.

  • Clotaire I., King of France, 83.

  • ”    II., ”      ”    105.

  • Clugny, Peter of, 224.

  • Cohen, Alexander, 210.

  • ”    Esther, 129.

  • Coke, Sir E., 276 n.

  • Coleridge, S. T., 176, 295 n.

  • Cologne, 141, 220.

  • Coloman, King of Hungary, 146.

  • Colossus of Rhodes, 108 n.

  • Constans, Emperor, 67.

  • Constantine, Copronymus, 107 n.

  • ”      Emperor, 54, 66.

  • Constantinople, 81, 107, 162, 279, 312, 332.

  • Copin, 183.

  • Coponius, Procurator, 20.

  • Cordova, 105, 111, 112, 127, 158, 217, 232.

  • Cordova, Gonsalvo de, 257.

  • Corneglio, Father, 253.

  • Cornwall, Earl of, 182.

  • Cossacks, Rebellion of, 289.

  • Costa Da, Historian, 362, 363.

  • ”  ”  Isaac, 340.
  • ”  ”  Uriel, 293.

  • Cremieux, M., 375.

  • Cremona, 257, 258.

  • Crete, 76.

  • Crimean War, 376.

  • Cromwell, Oliver, 302, 303.

  • Crusades, Causes of, 137.

  • Ctesiphon, 94.

  • Cufa, 94, 162.

  • Cumanus, V., Procurator, 23.

  • Cush, Land of, 115.

  • Cuspius Fadus, Procurator, 23.

  • Cyprus, 42.

  • Cyrene, 40.

  • Cyril of Alexandria, 76.

  • D.

  • Dagobert, King of France, 105.

  • D’Aguilar, Miss, 265 n.

  • Damascus, 44, 95, 112, 279, 374.

  • Damietta, 281.

  • Daniel, 310.

  • Dashwood, Sir J., 345.

  • Da Silva, 294.

  • David, Francis, 270.

  • D’Avila, Arbues, 236.

  • Decius, Emperor, 59.

  • Deckendorf, 203.

  • D’Enghien, Duke of, 143.

  • Denmark, 365.

  • Dennis, King of Portugal, 244.

  • De Pass, 346 n.

  • Dessau, 336.

  • De Vries, 296.

  • Dickens, Charles, 225 n.

  • Dion Cassius, 50.

  • Diospolis, 54.

  • D’Israeli, Benjamin, 155.

  • ”      Isaac, 276 n.

  • Dnieper, River, 289

  • Doesborg, 219.

  • Dohm, Counsellor, 328.

  • Domenge, Father, 117.

  • Dominic, 172.

  • Domitian, Emperor, 41.

  • Domus, Conversorum, 183.

  • Dover, 275.

  • Dublin, Abp. of (Whately), 351.

  • Du Jon, 284.

  • Dunaan, King of Homer, 92.

  • E.

  • Ecbatana, 94.

  • Ecija, Archdeacon of, 227.

  • Edessa, 108 n.

  • Edward the Confessor, 133.

  • ”  I., King of England, 164, 166, 184, 185, 341.

  • Egbert of York, 133.

  • Egeria, 55.

  • Egica, King of Goths, 10.

  • Egypt, 40, 76, 94, 96.

  • Egyptian Jew, 24.

  • Elam, 114.

  • Eleazar, 25, 30.

  • Elias (Prussian Jew), 324.

  • ”  Rabbi, 182.

  • Eliezer, 49.

  • ”    the Printer, 250.

  • Elizabeth, Empress of Russia, 329, 338.

  • Elnabar, 161.

  • Elvira, Council of, 100.

  • Embden, 263.

  • Emesa, 95.

  • Emmanuel, King of Portugal, 246, 261.

  • Emmanuel, Victor, King of Italy, 360 n.

  • Encyclopædists, 321.

  • Ende, Van. Physician, 295.

  • Enghien, 208.

  • Enriquez, 299.

  • Epistola Obsc. Vir., 269 n.

  • Eslingen, 206.

  • Esther, Book of, 118.

  • Estherka, 208.

  • Euchel, Isaac, 337.

  • Eugenius III., Pope, 142.

  • ”    IV.,    ” 221.

  • Eusebius, 52, 54, 58.

  • Evora, 244.

  • Exeter, Bishop of (Philpotts), 351, 353.

  • Expulsion of Jews from Empire, 209.

  • Expulsion of Jews from England, 186.

  • Expulsion of Jews from France, 195.

  • Expulsion of Jews from Portugal, 248.

  • Expulsion of Jews from Russia, 147.

  • Expulsion of Jews from Spain, 240.

  • Ezra, 56, 57 n.

  • ”  Book of, 118.

  • F.

  • Fadai, 93.

  • Fadus, Cuspius, Procurator, 23.

  • Farwah, 96.

  • Felix, Procurator, 24.

  • Felletti, Padre, 359.

  • Ferdinand I., King of Spain, 132.

  • ”    III.  ”      ”    173.
  • ”    IV.    ”      ”    211.
  • ”    VI.    ”      ”    317.
  • ”    I., Emperor, 272.
  • ”    II.    ”    286.
  • ”    III.  ”    286.
  • ”    King of Aragon, 233.
  • ”    King of Portugal, 244.

  • Fermosa, Rachel, 145.

  • Ferrara, 256, 258.

  • ”    Duke of, 305.

  • Ferrer, Vincentius, 228, 236.

  • Festus, P., Procurator, 24.

  • Feudal System, The, 134, 135.

  • Fez, 281.

  • Flaccus, Aquilius, 22 n.

  • Flagellants, The, 205.

  • Fleisch, Raind, 169.

  • Florence, 197, 222, 256.

  • Florinda, 104 n.

  • Florus, Gessius, Procurator, 24, 25 n.

  • Fouché, 143.

  • Franchise, Jews admitted to, 349.

  • Franconia, 146.

  • Frank, Jacob, 334, 335, 336.

  • Frankels, Rabbi, 336.

  • Frankfort, 285, 312, 361.

  • Franza, 233.

  • Frederick II., Emperor, 200, 286.

  • ”    III.    ”    269 n.
  • ”    William, Elector, 286, 324.

  • Frederick William I., King of Prussia, 325.

  • Frederick William II., King of Prussia, 325.

  • Frederick (the Great) III., King of Prussia, 325, 336.

  • Freiburg, 205.

  • Frideswide, St., 184.

  • Friedlander, David, 337.

  • Fulvia, 20.

  • G.

  • Gabriol, Solomon, 138.

  • Gadara, 28, 44 n.

  • Galba, Emperor, 29.

  • Galicia, 333.

  • Gallio, 57.

  • Gallus, Cest., Prefect, 25, 27, 31 n.

  • Gamala, 20 n., 44 n.

  • Gamaliel I., II., III., IV., Presidents of Sanhedrin, 57 n.

  • Gamaliel IV., 77.

  • Gans, David, 274.

  • Gaon, or Geon, 86 n.

  • Garcia, Alvares, 230.

  • Garonne, 191.

  • Gaubil, Father, 117.

  • Gaulonitis, 20 n.

  • Gaza, 309.

  • Geiger, 363.

  • Geneva, 205.

  • Gennath (Gate of Jerusalem), 30.

  • Genoa, 82, 222, 241, 258.

  • Geonim, 86.

  • George III., King of England, 347.

  • George IV., King of England, 348.

  • Georgius, Prefect, 98.

  • Gerasa, 31, n.

  • Germany, 146, 360, 370.

  • Ghetto, 202, 229, 255, 306 n.

  • Ghibellines, 197.

  • Giaffir, 110.

  • Gibbon, Historian, 107, 159, 244 n., 255, 358.

  • Gibraltar, 240, 317.

  • Giles, St., Cripplegate, 134.

  • Gischala, 28, 30.

  • Godolphin, Lord, 340.

  • Goethe, 295 n.

  • Golden Age of Judaism, 106.

  • Goldsmid, Mr., 349.

  • ” Sir Isaac, 350.

  • Gomez, Emmanuel, 299.

  • Gompertz, 324.

  • Gonsalez of Calatrava, 214 n.

  • Gonsalvo de Cordova, 257.

  • Gooch, Bishop of Norwich, 344.

  • Gordon, Lord G., 346 n.

  • Goshen, 156.

  • Gotesel, Priest, 146.

  • Gozani, Father, 117.

  • Graetz, Historian, 324, 363, App. III.

  • Granada, 128, 132.

  • ” King of, 192.

  • Grant, Mr. R., 349.

  • Gratus, Valer., Procurator, 20.

  • Greece, 162.

  • Grégoire, Abbé, 322.

  • Gregory I., Pope, 82, 197.

  • ” VII. ”, 145.

  • ” IX. ”, 243.

  • ” XIII. ”, 255.

  • Grimaldi, 346 n.

  • Grotius, 284.

  • Guadelete, River, 104.

  • Gudule, St., 209.

  • Guelderland, 219.

  • Guelf, 197.

  • Guinea, Gulf of, 246.

  • H.

  • Habenicht, Walter von, 140.

  • Hachacham, 157.

  • Hagenau, 168.

  • Hague, The, 295, 305.

  • Hai, 130.

  • Hajun, 332.

  • Halevi, 138, 210.

  • Hallam, Historian, 123 n.

  • Hamadan, 94.

  • Haman, 73, 118.

  • Hamburgh, 312, 362.

  • Hamon, Joseph, 280.

  • Hanoch, Rabbi, 128, 129.

  • Harleian Miscellany, 287.

  • Harley, Lord, 346.

  • Haroun Al Raschid, Caliph, 108.

  • Harrington, 303.

  • Heber, 17 n.

  • Hebron, 159, 377.

  • Hegel, 295 n.

  • Hegesippus, 41.

  • Heine, 337.

  • Hela, 162.

  • Heliogabalus, Emperor, 58.

  • Henry IV., Emperor, 141.

  • ” I., King of England, 148.

  • ” II. ” ”, 148.

  • ” III. ” ”, 199.

  • ” II., King of France, 319.

  • ” II., King of Spain, 215 (of Transtamara).

  • ” III., King of Spain, 216, 217.

  • ” IV., King of Spain, 231.

  • Hep, Hep, 141, 362.

  • Heracleonas, 99 n.

  • Heraclius, Emperor, 91, 93, 98, 101.

  • Herder, 295 n.

  • Herodias, 21.

  • Herodion, 38.

  • Hierax of Alexandria, 77.

  • Hillel I., II., III., 57 n.

  • Hippicus, Tower of, 29, 43.

  • Hira, 94.

  • Hiskiah, 130.

  • Hochstraten, 270.

  • Holland, 291, 300, 332, 365.

  • Holmes, Nathaniel, 287.

  • Holy Land, 162, 225, 281, 376.

  • Homberg, Herr, 337 n.

  • Homen Lopes, 263.

  • Homeritis, 92.

  • Honorius, Emperor, 71, 81.

  • Hormisdas, King of Persia, 65.

  • Hosdai, Rabbi, 111.

  • Hoshiel, Rabbi, 128.

  • Hugh of Lincoln, 183.

  • Huguenots, 320.

  • Hungary, 146, 332, 333, 366.

  • Huntingdon, 303.

  • Huss, John, 271.

  • Hypatia, 77.

  • I.

  • Idumeans, 28, 31.

  • Immanuel Ben Solomon, 202.

  • Impostors, Jewish, 154.

  • India, 116.

  • Inglis, Sir R., 351.

  • Inmestar, 73.

  • Innocent II., Pope, 197.

  • ” III., ”, 198 n.

  • ” IV., ”, 197, 198.

  • ” VIII., ”, 222.

  • ” XI., ”, 305.

  • Inquisition, 235, 301, 317, 318, 365.

  • Ionia, 114.

  • Irak, 94.

  • Ireland, 303.

  • Isaac of Duren, Rabbi, 210.

  • ” The Five, 138.

  • Isabella of Castile, 232, 238.

  • ” Infanta, 246.

  • Isidore, Bishop of Seville, 101.

  • Ismail, Shah Sofi, 277.

  • Israel, Baal Schem, 334.

  • Isserlein, 210.

  • Istakan, 94.

  • Italy, 358.

  • Ivan III., of Russia, 273.

  • Izarba, 250.

  • J.

  • Jachia, Don David, 250.

  • ” ” Solomon, 243.

  • Jacob, Rabbi, 206.

  • Jacob Hall, Oxford, 134.

  • Jaen, 232, 233.

  • Jaffa, 377.

  • James I., King of Aragon, 171.

  • ” II., ” ”, 177.

  • ” II., King of England, 304.

  • Jamnia, 41, 54, 56.

  • Jarchi. See Rashi.

  • Jechiel, Rabbi, 166.

  • Jerome, 52.

  • ” of Prague, 271.

  • ” of Santa Fé, 230.

  • Jerusalem described, 29.

  • ” present state, 376, 377.

  • ” siege by Titus, 32-36.

  • ” rebuilt by Adrian, 51.

  • ” taken by Omar, 95.

  • Jerusalem taken by Persians, 87.

  • ” retaken by Heraclius, 87.

  • Jessel, Sir G., 352, 354 n.

  • Jesuits in China, 116.

  • Jesus Christ, 91.

  • ” son of Hanani, 32.

  • ” son of Sirach, 117.

  • Jethukiel, Phys., 333.

  • Jochaides, Simon, 54.

  • Jochanan, Rabbi, 57 n.

  • Jonathan, High Priest, 24.

  • ” of Enghien, 208.

  • John, King of England, 153, 198.

  • ” ” France, 193.

  • ” I., ” Spain, 216.

  • ” II., ” ”, 228.

  • ” I., ” Portugal, 244.

  • ” II., ” ”, 245.

  • ” XXII., Pope, 201.

  • ” of Gischala, 30 n., 33, 37, 39.

  • Joppa, 44 n.

  • Joseph II., Emperor of Austria, 328, 365.

  • Joseph, King of Khozar, 111.

  • ” Historian, 146 n.

  • ” of Ecija, 213.

  • ” of Granada, 132.

  • ” of Osuna, 175.

  • ” Rabbi, 129.

  • ” Spanish Minister, 132.

  • Josephus, 17, 25 n., 28 n., 33, 39, 55, App. I.

  • Joshua, Rabbi, 190.

  • Jost, Historian, 64 n., 323.

  • Jotapata, 28, 44 n.

  • Jovian, Emperor, 70.

  • Judah, Hakkadosh II. and III., 57 n.

  • Judah, Chief Rabbi, 244.

  • ” Don, 244.

  • ” of Modena, 307.

  • Judas, Gaulonite, 19, 25, 314.

  • ” Maccabæus, 56.

  • Jude, St., 41.

  • Juglar, Inquisitor, 236.

  • Julian, Count, 104.

  • ” Emperor, 67, 68, 69.

  • ” Samaritan, 83.

  • Julius III., Pope, 253.

  • Justin Emperor, 83.

  • ” Martyr, 52 n.

  • Justinian, Emperor, 83, 84.

  • Juvenal, 55.

  • K.

  • Kaaba, 89.

  • Kadijah, 90.

  • Kainoka, 93.

  • Kalba Sabua, 46.

  • Kaminiek, Bishop of, 334.

  • Karaites, The, 109, 110 n., 331, 377.

  • Kashgar, 116.

  • Kenana, 93.

  • Khaibar, 93.

  • Khaled, 94.

  • Khozar, 111, 112.

  • Kimchi, David, 160, 172.

  • Kimchis, The, 160.

  • Kobad (Cavades), 85.

  • Koraidha, 93.

  • Koran, The, 91 n.

  • Koreish, The, 89.

  • L.

  • Lacedæmonians, 56.

  • Ladislaus I., King of Hungary, 146.

  • Ladislaus II., King of Hungary, 220.

  • Lamego, Ruez, 340.

  • Langton, Archbishop, 180.

  • Languedoc, 105, 127, 191, 194.

  • Lara, David, 299.

  • Lavater, 337.

  • Leghorn (Livorno), 222, 256, 258.

  • Leibnitz, 295 n.

  • Leinengen, Landgrave of, 146.

  • Leo X., Pope, 252.

  • ” Rabbi, 286.

  • ” of Modena, 305.

  • ” the Isaurian, Emperor, 83, 99, 100.

  • Leonis, Peter, 200.

  • Leopold I., Emperor, 289, 324.

  • ” Duke, 320.

  • Lepanto, Battle of, 280.

  • Lessing, 295 n., 336 n.

  • Levi, Samuel, 214.

  • ” Solomon, Bishop of Burgos, 218.

  • Lexington, Lord, 183.

  • Lincoln, 150, 184.

  • Lipman of Mulhouse, 210.

  • Lippold, Physician, 271.

  • Lisbon, 247, 260, 301.

  • Lithuanians, 204.

  • Lombard Hall, Oxford, 134.

  • London, 157, 275.

  • Loraine, 320.

  • Lothair, King of France, 127.

  • Louis le Deb., King of France, 124.

  • ” II., III., IV., Kings of France, 127.

  • Louis VIII., King of France, 163.

  • ” IX., ” ” 224.

  • ” XIV., ” ” 301, 320.

  • Louis XV., XVI., ” ” 321.

  • Lowe, Joel, 337 n.

  • Lubeck, 361.

  • Lucena, 138.

  • Luke, St., 40.

  • Lunel, 190.

  • Luther, 224, 284.

  • Luzzato, Moses, 307, 333.

  • Lyons, 125, 321.

  • ” Council at, 165.

  • ” Jews of, 165.

  • Lysanias, 21.

  • Lysias, Claudius, 57.

  • Lyttelton, Lord, 343 n.

  • M.

  • Maccabees, 118, 226, 331.

  • McCaul, Dr., 333.

  • Machærus, 38.

  • Macon, Council at, 82.

  • Madrid, 301.

  • Magi, Religion of, 69 n., 90, 96.

  • Magona, 75.

  • Mahomet, 89-94.

  • Mahrattas, 120.

  • Maimon, Solomon, 337 n.

  • Maimonides, 157, 158, 159.

  • Malabar, Jews of, 115 n., 119.

  • Malach, 332.

  • Malaga, 138.

  • Malcho, 262 n.

  • Malesherbes, 322.

  • Mammæa, 59.

  • Mamun, 110.

  • Manasseh (or Menasseh) ben Israel, 287, 290, 301, 304 n.

  • Manasseh, Menecier, 193.

  • Manes or Mani, 65.

  • Mantenu, Jacob, 234.

  • Mantua, 157, 222, 223, 257.

  • Marcian, Emperor, 83.

  • Marco Polo, 161.

  • Mariana, Historian, 240.

  • Maria Theresa, 327, 335.

  • Marlowe, 225 n.

  • Martel, Charles, 122 n.

  • Martial, 55.

  • Martin V., Pope, 197, 221.

  • Martin, Henry, 303.

  • Martina, 99 n.

  • Martinez, Ferdinand, 216, 217.

  • Masada, 31 n., 38, 152.

  • Massorites, 109, Appendix III.

  • Master of Jews, 124.

  • Matthew of Paris, 180.

  • Matthias, High Priest, 31 n., 35.

  • ” St., 115.

  • Maundeville, Sir J., 161.

  • Mauritius, Emperor, 86.

  • ” Island, 276.

  • Maximilian, Emperor, 220, 269.

  • Maximus, Emperor, 72.

  • Mayence or Mentz, 141, 206, 220.

  • Mecca, 90, 91.

  • Mechlenberg, 267.

  • Media, 114.

  • Medici, Catherine de, 276.

  • Medina, 91.

  • ” del Campo, 212, 231.

  • Meir, Impostor, 85.

  • ” Physician, 229.

  • ” Rabbi, 274.

  • Melun, Council at, 164.

  • Menahem, 25.

  • Mendelssohn, Bartholdy, 337.

  • ” Moses, 329, 336, 360.

  • Mendez, Andrea, 303.

  • ” Antonio, 303.

  • Menton, Count, 374.

  • Merseburg, 272.

  • Mesopotamia, 42, 114.

  • Metz, 320.

  • Mexico, 374.

  • Michael, Emperor, 107.

  • ” St., Island, 121.

  • Milan, 82.

  • Milman, 75, 106, 115, 179, 324 n.

  • Minorca, 74.

  • Mishna, 84.

  • Modayne, 94.

  • Modena, 257.

  • Moldavia, 335, 368.

  • Montalcino, 253.

  • Montanists, 100.

  • Montefiori, Sir Moses, 340, 360, 368, 373, 375.

  • Montiel, 215.

  • Moravia, 332.

  • Moravian Impostor, 154.

  • Mordecai, Rabbi, 203.

  • Morea, The, 306.

  • Moriah, Mount, 29, 43.

  • Morocco, Jews in, 158, 281, 372, 376.

  • Mortara, Signor, 358, 359.

  • Moselle, River, 140.

  • Moses of Crete, 76.

  • ” Hall, Oxford, 134.

  • ” Hamon, 280.

  • ” Lawgiver, 91.

  • ” de Leon, 177.

  • ” Luzzato, 307, 333.

  • ” Rabbi, 128.

  • ” Rieti, 202.

  • Mossey, of Wallingford, 134 n.

  • Mostanged, 161.

  • Mosteira, Rabbi, 295.

  • Motokavel, Sultan, 110.

  • Muja, 247.

  • Mulhouse, 210.

  • Munich, 169.

  • Muza, 104.

  • ” Battle of, 94.

  • Muzafia, Benjamin, 299.

  • N.

  • Nachmanides, 160.

  • Nadir, 93.

  • Nagra, 92.

  • Nantes, Edict of, 320.

  • Naples, 84 n., 197, 200.

  • Napoleon, 319, 356, 357, 360, 364.

  • Narbonne, Archbishop of, 127.

  • ” Jews in, 124.

  • Narses, 92.

  • Nasi, Joseph, 280.

  • Nathan, Benjamin, 309.

  • ” Rabbi, 129.

  • Navarre, 217.

  • Neander, Historian, 337.

  • Neapolitanus, Tribune, 25.

  • Nehemiah, Rabbi, 313.

  • Nejara, 215.

  • Nelson, 285.

  • Nerva, Emperor, 41, 42.

  • Neustadt, 206.

  • Newcastle, Duke of, 345.

  • Nicephorus, Emperor, 107.

  • Nicolas Czar, 367.

  • ” a Jew, 166.

  • ” III., Pope, 197.

  • ” IV., ” 244.

  • ” V., ” 221.

  • Niger, 58.

  • Nineveh, 161.

  • Nitzachon, The, 270 n.

  • Noah, 91.

  • Northampton, 148 n.

  • Norway, 365.

  • Norwich, 149, 150.

  • ” Bishop of (Gooch), 344.

  • Norzi, Solomon, 307.

  • Novara, G., 270.

  • Nuremburg, 203, 220, 268.

  • Nyireghyaza, 366.

  • O.

  • Oceana, 303.

  • Offenbach, 335, 336.

  • Omar, Caliph, 95, 108, 112.

  • Ommiades, 95 n., 112.

  • Onkelos, Targum of, 250, App. III.

  • Oporto, 247.

  • Oran, 281.

  • Orestes, Prefect, 77.

  • Origen, 56, 59.

  • Orleans, 164.

  • ” Regent, 320.

  • Orobio di Castro, 299, 301.

  • Orpheus, 59.

  • Osorio, Bishop, 249.

  • ” Count, 213.

  • Osrhoene, 72.

  • Osuna, 174, 176.

  • Otho, Emperor, 29.

  • Oxford, 123, 134, 184.

  • P

  • Pablo, 160, 173.

  • Pachecho, Juan de, 233.

  • Padua, 223, 258.

  • Palestine, 96, 157, 281.

  • Pallas, 24.

  • Palma, 230.

  • Pampeluna, 217.

  • Pamphylia, 114.

  • Paris, Riots in, 164.

  • Parker, Lord, 345.

  • Parliament, Jewish, 181.

  • Parthenay, Sieur de, 192.

  • Parthia, 114.

  • Patriarch of the West, 41.

  • Patriarchs of Tiberias, 62, 77.

  • ” ” suppressed, 78.

  • Paul, St., 25 n., 55, 353.

  • Paul II., Pope, 222.

  • ” III., ”, 234, 262.

  • ” IV., ”, 253.

  • ” of Samosata, 60.

  • Pedro III., King of Spain, 214.

  • Pelham. Mr., 342, 343.

  • Pella, 27 n.

  • Pelusium, 96.

  • Peræa, 28.

  • Pereira, 263.

  • Persepolis, 94.

  • Persia, 94, 116, 308, 376.

  • Peru, Strange Building in, 121.

  • Peter, Emperor of Russia, 329, 338.

  • Peter the Hermit, 138, 140.

  • Peters, Hugh, 303.

  • Petronius, Prefect, 22.

  • Pfeffercorn, 268.

  • Pfortzheim, 269 n.

  • Phasaelus, Tower of, 43.

  • Philip, the Arabian, Emperor, 59.

  • ” Agrippa’s General, 26.

  • ” II. (Augustus), King of France, 142, 163, 198.

  • Philip III. (the Hardy), King of France, 166.

  • Philip IV. (the Fair), King of France, 167.

  • Philip V. (the Long), King of France, 190, 193, 198.

  • Philip III., King of Spain, 300.

  • ” V., ” ”, 316.

  • Philo Judæus, 22 n., 55.

  • Philpotts, Bishop of Exeter, 353.

  • Phocas, Emperor, 98.

  • Phrygia, 114.

  • Piacenza, 222.

  • Pichon, Joseph, 216.

  • ” Solomon, 232.

  • Pilatus, P., Procurator, 20.

  • Pinedo, De, 298.

  • Pitt, Mr., 346.

  • Pius II., Pope, 222.

  • ” IV., ”, 255.

  • ” V., ”, 255.

  • ” VI., ”, 319.

  • ” IX., ”, 358, 360.

  • Plato, 159.

  • Ploermel, 164.

  • Pocock, 290.

  • Podolia, 33.

  • Poitou, 192.

  • Poland, 330, 333, 334, 335.

  • Polycarp, 55 n.

  • Pombal, Don, 264.

  • Pompey, 55.

  • Pontoise, 142.

  • Pontus, 114.

  • Portaleoni, 258.

  • Port Maria, 240.

  • Portugal, 365.

  • Potsdam, 324.

  • Prague, 271, 286.

  • Prester, John, 112.

  • Princes of the Captivity, 63.

  • Prioress’s Tale, 183.

  • Prussia, 324, 326.

  • ” Rhenish, 140.

  • Psephinus, Tower of, 43.

  • Pumbeditha, 64 n., 161.

  • Purim, Feast of, 73, 190 n.

  • Pyrenees, 122.

  • Q.

  • Quietus, Lucius, 42.

  • R.

  • Rachel Fermosa, 145.

  • Radziwill, Prince, 307.

  • Raport, 363.

  • Rashi, Rabbi, 147.

  • Ravenna, 223 n.

  • Raymond, Count of Toulouse, 163.

  • Raymond, Monk, 172.

  • Reccared, King of Goths, 100.

  • Rehoboth, 161.

  • Remigius, Bishop, 126.

  • Resch-Glutha, 115.

  • Resen, 162.

  • Reuchlin, J., 269 n.

  • Rhodes, 108 n., 374.

  • Rhynsberg, 295.

  • Ricci, Father, 116.

  • Richard I., King of England, 149, 152, 159.

  • Richard of Pontoise, 142.

  • Rieti, Rabbi Moses, 202.

  • Rimini, 258.

  • Robert of Jerusalem, 201.

  • Roderic, King of the Goths, 104.

  • Rodney, Admiral, 346.

  • Rodolph, Monk, 141, 142.

  • Rodrigo, Bishop, 212.

  • Rodriguez, Daniel, 256.

  • Romaine, W., 343 n.

  • Rome, 82, 197, 222, 258, 305.

  • Rossi, Asarja, 258.

  • Rothschild, Baron, 350, 356 n., 368.

  • Rothschild, Sir N., 352.

  • Rouen, 133.

  • Roumania, 368, 369.

  • Rufus, Procurator, 20.

  • ” Ticinius, or Turnus, 48.

  • Russell, Lord J., 350.

  • ” Mr. Odo, 360.

  • Russia, 147, 277, 329, 333, 365.

  • S.

  • Saadi ben Joseph, 130.

  • Sabbathai Sevi, 309-314.

  • Sadoc, 20 n.

  • Sadolet, Cardinal, 252.

  • Saladin, 158.

  • Salamanca, Council at, 213.

  • Salamons, Alderman, 349, 352.

  • Saloniki, 280, 281.

  • Samaritan Version, 117.

  • Samuel, Levi, 214.

  • ” Rabbi, 132.

  • ” Spanish Minister, 212.

  • Sancha, Donna, 132.

  • Sancho, King of Castile, 176.

  • ” I., King of Portugal, 245.

  • ” II., ” ”, 243.

  • Sanhedrin, 35, 41, 55, 57.

  • ” President of, 57.

  • ” in Paris, 357.

  • Sapor, King of Persia, 64, 65, 67.

  • Saragossa, 172, 237 n.

  • Sassanian Dynasty, 94.

  • Savona, 231.

  • Savonarola, 224.

  • Scharf, 366.

  • Scherira, 130.

  • Schleirmacher, 295 n.

  • Scholastica, St., 123.

  • Scott, Sir W., 152 n., 226 n.

  • Sebastian, King of Portugal, 282.

  • Sebastople, 115 n.

  • Segovia, 229.

  • Seidelius, 270.

  • Seine, River, 144.

  • Sejanus, 20.

  • Selim I., II., 280.

  • Sephardim, 292 n., 377.

  • Sepphoris, 56.

  • Septuagint Version, 117.

  • Sepulveda, 232.

  • Serenus, 112.

  • Servia, 368.

  • Sestos, 312.

  • Setubal, 247.

  • Severus, Alexander, Emperor, 59.

  • ” Septimius, ”, 58.

  • ” Bishop of Minorca, 74.

  • ” Julius, 48.

  • Seville, 101, 173, 237 n.

  • Shalmanesar, 109.

  • Shemariah, Rabbi, 128.

  • Shepherds, Rising of, 166, 190.

  • Shunem, 162.

  • Silesia, 320.

  • Silva, 38.

  • Simeon, Bishop of Ctesiphon, 67.

  • ” Patriarch, 62, 57 n.

  • ” the son of Gamaliel, 57 n.

  • ” Stylites, 72 n.

  • Simon, Son of Gioras, 31 n. 33, 35, 37, 39.

  • Simon, the Just, 57 n.

  • ” Zelotes, St., 115.

  • Sisibut, King of Goths, 101.

  • Sixtus, IV., Pope, 222.

  • ” V., 255.

  • Smyrna, 309, 312.

  • Socrates, Historian, 76 n.

  • Solomon, Ashkenazim, 280.

  • ” ben Abraham, 331.

  • ” Medigo, 307.

  • ” Rophe, 280.

  • Solymosi, Esther, 366.

  • Southampton, 179 n.

  • Spinoza, 293-298.

  • Spires, 141, 206, 209.

  • Stamford, 150.

  • Stephen, King of England, 148, 149.

  • Strasburg, 141, 293, 320.

  • Strauss, 360.

  • Stuttgard, 269 n.

  • Suabia, 203.

  • Succession, War of, 316.

  • Suetonius, 25 n.

  • Surenhusius, 290.

  • Surinam, 299.

  • Sweden, 365.

  • Switzerland, 365.

  • Sylvester, Pope, 65 n.

  • Syria, 94.

  • T.

  • Tabuc, 94.

  • Tacitus, 55.

  • Tagus, 214.

  • Talmud, 84, 165, 255, 258, 269, App. II.

  • Talmud, the Babylonian, 85.

  • ” ” Jerusalem, 57.

  • Tarichæa, 28.

  • Tavora, 231.

  • Temple burnt, 36.

  • ” Attempt to Rebuild, 68, 69, App. IV.

  • ” Lord, 345.

  • ” Sir W., 305.

  • Tertullian, 52 n.

  • Texel, 292.

  • Theiss, River, 366.

  • Thema, 162.

  • Theodoric I., 82.

  • Theodorus, 74.

  • Theodosius I., Emperor, 72.

  • ” II., ”, 72 n., 76, 83.

  • Theresa Maria, 327, 335.

  • Theudas, 23 n.

  • Thirty Years’ War, 286.

  • Thomas, Father, 374.

  • ” Island of, 246.

  • ” St., 115.

  • Thonon (Thun), 205.

  • Tiberias, 56, 157, 162, 377.

  • Tiberius, Emperor, 20.

  • Tigris, River, 161.

  • Timour, the Tartar, 277.

  • Titus, Emperor, 26-41.

  • Toland, John, 341.

  • Toledo, 101, 206, 128, 145.

  • ” Council at, 101, 102.

  • Toro, 233.

  • Torquemada, Thomas, 235 n., 264, 354.

  • Tortosa, 230.

  • Toulouse, 123, 301.

  • ” Count of, 122.

  • Tours, Battle of, 122.

  • Trajan, Emperor, 42.

  • Trani, 200.

  • Trent, 220.

  • Treves, 140.

  • ” Bishop of, 141.

  • Tribotti, Nathan, 331.

  • Tripoli, 281.

  • Tucker, Rev. Mr., 344.

  • Tudela, Benjamin of. See Benjamin.

  • Tunis, 281.

  • Turcomans, 111.

  • Turkestan, 116.

  • Turkey, 289, 334, 308.

  • Turks, 137.

  • Tyaneus, Apollonius, 59.

  • Tyre, 162.

  • Tyropæon, 29.

  • Tzaddik, 325, 334.

  • U.

  • Ukraine, 289.

  • United States, 373.

  • Urban VI., Pope, 202.

  • Ustazades, 67.

  • Utrecht, 220.

  • Uziel, Isaac, 299.

  • V.

  • Valencia, 217, 240.

  • Valens, Emperor, 71.

  • Valentinian, Emperor, 71.

  • Valladolid, 231, 232.

  • Valori, 256 n.

  • Vandals, 96.

  • Van Ende, Physician, 295.

  • Varanes (Behram), King of Persia, 86.

  • Varus, 26.

  • Vaughan, General, 347.

  • Venice, 222, 258, 305.

  • Vera, Juan de, 175.

  • Verdun, 191.

  • Verona, 222, 258.

  • Vespasian, Emperor, 28, 29, 39.

  • Vienna, 272, 290.

  • ” Council at, 169.

  • Villars, M., 301.

  • Virga, Solomon ben, 250.

  • Virgin Mary, 116.

  • Visigoths, 100.

  • Vitellius, Emperor, 29.

  • ” Prefect, 21.

  • Vitringa, 290.

  • Vitry, 192.

  • Voltaire, 321, 326.

  • Vorburg, 295.

  • Vossius, T., 284.

  • W.

  • Wallachia, 333.

  • Walsingham, 166.

  • Wamba, King of Goths, 103.

  • ” ”, Languedoc, 105.

  • Wathek, Al, 110.

  • Wellington, Duke of, 349.

  • Wenceslaus, Emperor, 209.

  • Wessely, 337.

  • Westphalia, 290.

  • Whately, Archbishop, 351.

  • William I., King of England, 133.

  • ” II. ” ”, 133, 148.

  • William III., King of England, 304.

  • Wilna, 333.

  • Witiza, King of Goths, 103, 104.

  • Wolfsohn, 337 n.

  • Worms, 141, 286.

  • X.

  • Ximenes, Cardinal, 261.

  • Y.

  • Yemen, 92, 376.

  • Yermouk, 95.

  • Yezdegird, King of Persia, 91, 94.

  • York, 134, 150, 275.

  • Yusef, Emir, 112.

  • ” King, 133 n.

  • Z.

  • Zacchæus, 161.

  • Zacchai, David, 129.

  • Zacharias, Bishop of Jerusalem, 87.

  • ” False Messiah, 177.

  • ” Rabbi, 288.

  • ” Russian Jew, 273.

  • Zamora, Council at, 212.

  • Zarephath, 340 n.

  • Zealots, 26, 30, 31.

  • Zebedee, Pharisee, 288.

  • Zedekias, Physician, 126.

  • Zeigler, Rabbi, 292.

  • Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra, 60.

  • Zion, Mount, 29.

  • Zoffingen, 205.

  • Zohar, Book of, 54, 332 n., Appendix III.

  • Zonaras, 72.

  • Zoroaster, 69 n.

  • Zosimus, 273.

  • Zunz, Leopold, 363.

  • Zutia, 85 n.

  • Zutphen, 219.