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The History of the Standard Oil Company

Chapter 124: TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
By Ida M. Tarbell
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Business/ManagementHistory - AmericanHistory - Modern (1750+)

About This Book

The work offers a detailed investigative history of the rise and consolidation of a dominant oil enterprise, tracing how petroleum moved from curiosity to mass industry and how competing firms were absorbed into a centralized trust. It examines business methods used to secure market control—transportation agreements, pricing tactics, acquisition and integration of allied industries—alongside legal and political struggles, regulatory inquiries, and public controversy. Drawing on sworn testimony, corporate records, court filings, and contemporary reporting, it reconstructs chronological development, key transactions, and reactions from rivals, legislators, and communities, concluding with reflections on the economic and institutional consequences of concentrated corporate power.

145. See Chapter IV.

146. See Chapter V.

147. In 1871 there was something over 132,000,000 gallons of illuminating oil exported. In 1872 it fell to about 118,000,000 gallons.

148. According to the statement of the Standard Oil Company, made in a suit for taxes brought by the state of Pennsylvania in 1881, it declared dividends as follows: In 1873, year ending the first Monday in November, $347,610; in 1874, $358,605; in 1875 (the capital stock was raised from $2,500,000 to $3,500,000 in 1875), $514,230; in 1876, $501,285; in 1877, $3,248,650.01; in 1878, $875,000; in 1879, $3,150,000; in 1880, $1,050,000.

149. See Chapter VII.

150. Report of the Special Committee on Railroads, New York Assembly, 1879. Volume IV, page 3680.

151. Plaintiff’s Exhibit, Number 51, in the case of James Corrigan vs. John D. Rockefeller in the Court of Common Pleas, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, 1897.

152. It costs the Cleveland refiner .64 of a cent a gallon to bring oil in bulk from the Oil Regions to his refinery, and 1.44 cents per gallon to send it refined in bulk to New York.

153. Trustworthy and regular quotations are not to be obtained earlier than 1881.

154. Report of the Industrial Commission, 1900. Volume 1, page 365.

155. See Appendix, Number 58. John D. Archbold’s statement on the prices the Standard receives for refined oil.

156. Report on Investigation Relative to Trusts, New York Senate, 1888, pages 434–435 and 396–398.

157. See Chapter V.

158. In 1872 there were exported as follows:

Crude 16,363,975 gallons.
Naphtha, benzine, gasoline, etc. 8,688,257 gallons.
Lubricating, heavy paraffine, etc. 438,425 gallons.
Residuum, pitch and tar 568,218 gallons.
Illuminating 118,259,832 gallons.
—Derrick Handbook.

159. The “Standard-whites” are as follows:

  • S. W. 100 (fl).
  • S. W. 110.
  • S. W. 112.
  • S. W. 115.
  • S. W. 120.
  • S. W. 130 Dia. H. L.
  • S. W. 130.
  • S. W. 130 P. W. H. L.
  • S. W. 73 Abel.
  • S. W. 150.
  • S. W. 160.
  • S. W. Canadian Legal Test.
  • S. W. Georgia P. W. H. L.
  • S. W. Georgia Dia. H. L.
  • S. W. Indiana P. W. H. L.
  • S. W. Indiana S. T.
  • S. W. Indiana Dia. H. L.
  • S. W. Iowa S. T.
  • S. W. Louisiana P. W. H. L.
  • S. W. Louisiana Dia. H. L.
  • S. W. Massachusetts S. T.
  • S. W. Michigan S. T.
  • S. W. Minnesota S. T.
  • S. W. Montana S. T.
  • S. W. Nebraska S. T.
  • S. W. New York S. T.
  • S. W. North Dakota S. T.
  • S. W. Ohio S. T.
  • S. W. South Dakota S. T.
  • S. W. Tennessee Dia. H. L.
  • S. W. Tennessee P. W. H. L.
  • S. W. Tennessee S. T.
  • S. W. Wisconsin S. T.

160. The “water-whites” are as follows:

  • W. W. 110.
  • W. W. 112.
  • W. W. 115.
  • W. W. 120.
  • W. W. 120 Eupion.
  • W. W. 130 Sunlight.
  • W. W. 130.
  • W. W. 130 Eupion.
  • W. W. 130 Fireproof.
  • W. W. 150.
  • W. W. 150 Headlight.
  • W. W. 150 for extra Star.
  • W. W. 150 forty-nine grav.
  • W. W. 160.
  • W. W. 165.
  • W. W. Canadian Legal Test.
  • W. W. Electric.
  • W. W. Georgia Sunlight.
  • W. W. Georgia S. T.
  • W. W. Indiana Perfection.
  • W. W. Indiana S. T.
  • W. W. Iowa Perfection.
  • W. W. Iowa S. T.
  • W. W. Kansas Perfection.
  • W. W. Kansas S. T.
  • W. W. Louisiana S. T.
  • W. W. Louisiana Sunlight.
  • W. W. Massachusetts S. T.
  • W. W. Michigan S. T.
  • W. W. Minnesota S. T.
  • W. W. Nebraska S. T.
  • W. W. Nebraska Perfection.
  • W. W. New York S. T.
  • W. W. North Dakota S. T.
  • W. W. Ohio Perfection.
  • W. W. Ohio S. T.
  • W. W. South Dakota S. T.
  • W. W. South Dakota Perfection.
  • W. W. Tennessee S. T.
  • W. W. Tennessee Sunlight.
  • W. W. Wisconsin S. T.

161. See Appendix, Number 59. W. H. Vanderbilt’s characterisation of Standard Oil men.

162. Ohio Circuit Court Reports, Volume VII, 1893, page 508.

163. See Appendix, Number 60. Facsimile of one of Mr. Kemper’s shares.

164. History of Standard Oil Case in Supreme Court of Ohio, 1897–1898. Part II, page 39.

165. History of Standard Oil Case in Supreme Court of Ohio, 1897–1898. Part II, page 248.

166. See Appendix, Number 53.

167. See Appendix, Number 61. General balance sheet, Standard Oil interests, December 31, 1896.

168. The present directors are John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler, John D. Archbold, Henry H. Rogers, W. H. Tilford, Frank Q. Barstow, Charles M. Pratt, E. T. Bedford, Walter Jennings, James A. Moffett, C. W. Harkness, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Oliver H. Payne.

169. See Appendix, Number 62. Amended certificate of incorporation of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey.

170. See Appendix, Number 9.

171. See Appendix, Number 63. Production of Pennsylvania and Lima crude oil by Standard Oil Company, 1890–1898.

172. See Appendix, Number 64. Business of Standard Oil Company and other refiners, 1894–1898.

173.

America imported into China, 1893 31,060,527 gallons
Borneo imported into China, 1893 574,615 gallons
Russia imported into China, 1893 13,503,685 gallons
Sumatra imported into China, 1893 39,859,508 gallons

174. See Chapter X.

175. The Petroleum Age, Volume I, page 35.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

  1. Combined Volume I and Volume II.
  2. Renumbered the pages in Volume I by adding 1,000 and the pages in Volume II by adding 2,000.
  3. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.
  4. Anachronistic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.
  5. Footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter.