The Horse in History

INDEX

Aahmes I., 2
Acheans, the, 15-17, 20, 72
Achilles, 12, 15, 49, 99
Acropolis of Mycenæ, the, 6
Admiral Guarinos and “Trebizond,” 93
Æthe, 9
Agamemnon's mare, 9
Ailments of horses, 146, 213, 214, 221
Alcibiades, 25
Alexander the Great, 54-61
Aligero Clavileno, 133
America, cruelty unknown in, 105;
introduction of thoroughbreds in, 287
Arab horses, a royal gift, 76;
arrival of Markham Arabian, 203, 204;
commencement of fame, 77;
dams, 100;
in the sixth century, 82;
size of, 244;
stallions, 76, 203, 264;
unimportant before time of Mahomet, 87
Arabs, the, 48, 281
Archangel Gabriel, the horse of the, 87
Armenia, 31
Armour, 44, 112, 134, 140, 225, 234
Ascot, 270
Asia Minor, 14, 17
Assyrians, 9, 19-20
Athenians, the, 24, 46, 51
Automobiles, 183, 238, 285
Babylon, horses of, 4
“Balassiren,” the, 289
Barb horses, 178, 183, 184, 230, 243, 244
Barbary horse, the, 181, 216
Barrows in Scotland, 91
Bayard, the Chevalier, 134;
his horsemanship, 135;
mistaken for mythological horse “Bayard,” 136;
his horse Carmen, 135
Bayeux tapestry, the, 108, 110
Bedouins, the, 286, 287
Belgian government, the, 293
Belisarius, the white-faced horse of, 84
Bells as race prizes, 177, 205, 208, 245
Bells of St Paul's melted down, 163
Bevis of Southampton and “Arundel,” 194
Bit, the, 18, 19, 201;
discovered at Athens, 40;
flexible, 18, 40;
found in tombs, 91;
not used by Bedouins, 286;
of the Greeks, 51;
Xenophon's advice on, 45
Black or “great” horse, 233
Black Prince, the, 125
“Black Saladin,” 136
“Blair Atholl,” 288
Bleeding horses, 221
“Blue Gown,” 288
Boadicea, 76, 77
Board of Agriculture, 293
Bogdo of Mongolia, the, 291
Books on horses and hunting, 124, 139, 204, 206, 271
Brazen steed of Cambuscan, the, 132
Breeds, improvement in, by Charles II., 242, 250;
by Cromwell, 243, 244;
by the Duke of Buckingham, 225;
by the Duke of Cumberland, 267;
by the Duke of Newcastle, 227, 251;
by Edward III., 125, 130;
by Elizabeth, 144, 153, 222;
by Henry VIII., 148, 167;
by importation from Italy, 180;
by James I., 202, 221;
by James II., 261;
by King John, 114;
by Mahomet, 87;
by the Persians, 114;
by William III., 263;
Committee in the House of Lords on, 288;
enforced by law, 149, 152;
from 1660-1685, 196;
in Athens, 51;
in England, 108;
in Ireland, 252;
in Middle Ages, 114;
in the sixteenth century, 141;
the seventeenth century, 257;
Cardinal Wolsey's interest in, 143
Bridles, 51, 64, 135, 237, 286, 291
Bronze Age, the, 4, 6, 16, 17
Bronze of Alexander, 61
Bronze horse in British Museum, 64
Brood Mare Society, 292
Bucephalus, 54, 61
“Byerley Turk,” the, 215, 263, 289
Caligula's horse—a priest, 79
Carey's ride, Sir Robert, 197, 198
“Carmen,” 135
Cart horses, 207, 236
Cauldrons and tripods, 11
Cavalry, 16, 22, 23, 46, 199, 283, 292;
Assyrian, 9;
British, 67, 68;
Cromwell's, 233, 234;
described by Julius Cæsar, 70, 71;
first use of, 7;
Greek, 9, 22;
Hannibal's, 64, 65, 69;
Henry II.'s, 111;
Iberian, 65;
Persian, 114;
Richard II.'s opinion of, 131;
superseded chariots, 74;
Theodosius', 81;
twelfth century, 112;
William the Conqueror's, 107, 109
Celts, 23, 72
Chargers, 109, 111, 120, 125, 131, 160, 199, 207, 233, 278, 279
Chariot races, with Æthe, 9;
at the thirty-third Olympiad, 16;
at Delphi, 23;
won by Alcibiades, 25;
of Philip II., 27;
won by Exænetus of Agrigentum, 32;
in first century A.D., 77;
of the Romans, 172
“Charioteer, A finished,” 10
Chariots, 3-21, 24, 65;
Julius Cæsar's description of, 70, 71;
in Ireland, 115;
of the Acheans, 20;
of the Ancient Britons, 20, 68, 69;
Assyrians, 20;
Early Irish, 20;
Egyptians, 3, 14, 20;
Erichthonius, 5;
Gauls, 20, 72;
Greeks, 20;
Hittites, 20;
Libyans, 20;
Persians, 20, 25;
Romans, 72;
Syria, 25;
Thracians, 14, 15;
Vedic Aryans, 20;
with scythes, 25, 26
Charles I. institutes horse racing in Hyde Park, 224;
interest in horses, 233;
picture in National Gallery, 225;
present of horses, 225;
price of horses, 229;
racecourses in time of, 245
Charles II., a good whip, 240;
encouraged horse-breeding, 240;
encouraged use of stage coaches, 240;
horsemanship of, 227-229;
love of horse-racing, 246, 259;
restores horse racing, 245
Charles V. of Germany, 161, 171
Charles VIII. of France, 138, 139
Chaucer, 130-132
Chester Meeting, the, 208;
Charles II. at, 247;
rule for winning owner, 208, 209;
silver bells run for, 208, 245
Circus riding, 7, 80, 184, 185
Cobs, 111, 205, 215
Coins, horses represented on, 26, 27, 65, 75, 103
Colour, attention to, by Elizabeth, 111, 175;
by Henry II., 111;
by John, 111, 112;
by Richard III., 139;
by Romans, 84;
white and dun horses disliked for, work, 67 (see also “White horses”)
Colton, John, 127
Commandeered horses, 119, 126
“Common,” 288
Commonwealth abolishes horse racing, 241-243;
sets back horse breeding, 241-243, 245;
the race horse extinct under, 245
Cortes' sixteen horses, 169
Coursers, 207
Cream-white horses, the Royal, 289
Cromwell, cavalry of, 233, 234;
favours horse-breeding, 243,
racehorses of, 243
“Cropping,” 271, 272
Cross-country matches, 218
Croton, 8, 22
Crotonians, 8, 22
Croydon Race Meeting, 210, 245
Cruelty, cause of partiality among horses for certain human beings, 129;
of “cropping” and “docking,” 271, 272;
unknown in America, 105
Cuchulainn Saga, 74
Cumberland, Duke of, 267
Cyrene, 21;
famous for steeds and chariots, 31
“Darley Arabian,” the, 267, 268
David Hume, 173
Dead weight, 220
Declining interest in horses, 182, 183, 291, 292
Delphi, chariot-race at, 23;
museum at, 32
Derby, the, 274, 288, 290;
of Mongolia, 291
Derby, Lord, 11
Diomed, King, 62
“Docking,” 42, 271, 272
“Dodsworth,” 250, 251
Don Quixote, 133, 189-191
Doncaster Race Meeting, 175
“Donovan,” 288
Driving horses, 144
Dun-coloured horses, 15, 17, 24, 67, 95, 96, 137
Echepolus of Sicylon, 9
“Eclipse,” 267, 268, 273-276, 289
Edward I., 120
Edward II., 124
Edward III., 124, 125
Edward VI., 171
Egyptians, 3, 19, 281, 289
Elizabeth, Queen, 111, 144, 153;
at Doncaster, 175;
at Newmarket, 175;
barbs, the special property of, 178;
fondness for the chase, 187;
her stud, 111, 144;
interest in horses, 111, 153, 206;
love of the Turf, 153, 175;
retinue when travelling, 193;
value of horses in reign of, 178
Emperor Justinian, the, 83
Erichthonius, King, 4, 5
Exænetus, 32
Exportation of horses forbidden, 149, 150
Eyes, 55, 139, 214;
china eye, 55;
wall eye, 55, 214, 266
Falkirk, battle of, 120
Fenwick family, the, 231
Ferdinand of Arragon, 158-159
Fictitious horses, 163, 164, 178, 189, 190, 194, 196, 276, 278, 280
Fines paid in horses, 114
Fitz Stephen, 113
“Flying Childers,” 268, 269, 274, 275
“Flying Fox,” 288
Food of horses, 54, 156, 178, 246
Four-in-hand, 5, 7
Foxhounds, first master of, 118
Foxhunting, 118, 161, 162, 179, 180, 253, 260
Francisco Pizarro, 170
Funeral of Frederic Casimir, 36;
Li Hung Chang, 36;
Scythian King, 35;
Tartars, 36
Future of the horse, 183, 284, 285, 291
Gambling, Aristophanes on, 52;
by David Hume, 175;
Elizabeth, 176;
Henry VIII., 162, 163;
Wolsey, 144;
denounced, 180, 211, 212, 265;
Marshal de Bassompierre's love for, 231;
under Charles II., 254;
James I., 205, 210-212
Gauls, the, 20, 70, 72, 75
Geldings, 207
Gentleness of horses, 104
George III., 271
Girth, the, 63
“Gladiateur,” 288
“Godolphin Arabian,” 269, 270, 289
Gradasso and Alfana, 94
“Great Horses,” 111, 127, 141, 206, 232, 237
Greek soldier, 19, 28, 46
Greeks, the, 21;
esteemed horses highly, 29;
had chariots with wheels, 20;
harness of, 51;
hogged manes patronised by, 48;
horse breeding by, 14;
horsemanship among, 7, 9, 16;
horses of, 30, 102;
horseshoes explained to, 73;
race horses kept by, 49;
taught to ride by the Libyans, 17;
used horse-cloths, 19
Haddington Race Meeting, the, 172
Halters, 18, 286
“Hands,” 133, 227, 228
“Harkaway,” 288
Hector, 10
“Helmsley Turk,” 225, 257
Henry II., 110-113
Henry III., 119, 161
Henry VII., 141-147
Henry VIII., 148, 167, 187, 206, 250
Heraclios, 10
“Hermit,” 288
Hiero II. of Syracuse, 31, 37
Higher Criticism, 9
Hittites, the, 6, 20
Hogged manes, 42, 48, 271
Hoof, the, 41, 47, 72, 214
Hooper, Letter of Bishop, 171
Horse-bread, 156, 179, 246
Horse breakers, 41, 146
Horse-cloths, 19, 38, 59, 72, 155
Horse breeding north of the Tweed, 152, 166
Horse doctors, 40;
ignorance of, 213;
veterinary surgeons, 221;
Wolsey as a, 145, 146
Horse fairs organised, 231-232
Horse-fighting in Iceland, 95;
in Siam, 95;
picture of, 96
Horse hoof, 44
Horsemanship, 7, 10, 12, 16;
Alexander the Great's, 57-58;
Bayard's, 135;
Charles II.'s, 226-227, 246-257;
Charles VIII. of France's, 139;
clever riding of Elizabeth, 193;
Duke of Newcastle's, 227-228;
early instruction in, 134;
feats in, 197;
influence of, 183;
James I.'s opinion on, 206-207, 217;
James II.'s, 261;
John Selwyn's, 188;
of Anglo-Saxons, 108;
of Bedouins, 287;
of Earl of Shrewsbury, 107;
of the Gauls, 70;
of Irish, 166-167;
Mary Queen of Scots', 192;
of the Scotch, 167;
Spaniards', 224;
Swedes', 83;
training in, 29, 32;
Wolsey's, 141-143
Horse racing, at Chester, 208-209, 245, 247;
at Croydon, 210;
at Newmarket, 124, 175, 205-209, 217, 222-224, 247, 248, 254, 258, 259, 263-265;
at Salisbury, 177;
at Smithfield, 113;
at Winchester, 262;
attack on judge of, 219;
between Duke of Suffolk and the Seigneur Nicolle Dex, 154-156;
Charles II.'s love for, 246-257;
Commonwealth suppresses, 241-242;
denounced, 180-181, 211, 212, 219, 241-243, 265, 266;
Philip of Macedon's devotion to, 27;
excess of, 176, 179;
first allusion to wagers on, 11;
first authentic record of, 75, 76;
first taught to the Romans, 37;
fixtures abandoned under Commonwealth, 219;
Hengist and Horsa's interest in, 91;
in Athens, 51;
in France, 255, 256;
in Holland, 226;
in Hyde Park, 224, 225;
in Ireland, 252;
in Scotland, 172-174;
in fourteenth century, 133;
in time of the Romans, 76, 172;
in time of Wolsey, 144-145;
inaugurated, 16;
James I.'s love for, 202;
Mongols fond of, 290;
on the ice, 211;
popular pastime, 52, 53, 210, 219, 251, 264, 290;
Queen Anne's love for, 267;
revival of, 246;
ruins breeding
of “great horses,” 232, 233;
rules revised, 270;
under Edward II., 124;
under Elizabeth, 144;
Henry III., 116, 117;
Henry VIII., 154-160;
Richard I., 113;
Richard II., 133;
under William III., 263, 264
Horse rearing, 52, 114, 125, 130, 143, 144, 148-154, 165-166
Horses, ailments of, 146, 213-214, 221;
annual charge for Charles II.'s, 257;
antiquity of, 1;
at Crecy, 125, 126;
average life of, 53;
bleeding of, 221;
breeds, 62;
vicious and gentle, 104;
commandeered by kings, 119, 126;
courage of 105, 106;
cream white, 289;
dapple, or dun-coloured, 15, 17, 24, 67, 95, 96, 137, 138;
declining interest in, 182, 183, 291-292;
defects of, 47;
divination of the future attributed to, 78;
English, the best, 230;
exportation of, forbidden, 149, 150, 152;
eyes, 55, 139, 214;
flat-nosed, 24;
fleabitten, 50;
food of, 54, 156, 178, 179, 245, 246;
fossilised remains of, 4, 51;
“great horses,” 111, 127, 141, 206, 232-237;
Herodotus on, 24, 31;
Homer on, 7-18, 28, 122;
Horace on, 72;
ill-treatment of, 104-105, 129, 271, 272;
influence of on history, 96-97, 103, 104, 183, 281-284;
in romance, 161-164, 178, 189, 190, 194-196, 276-278, 280;
in the sixth century, 82;
Joan of Arc's, 137, 138, 279;
likes and dislikes of, 129;
“leeching,” 221;
longevity of, 102;
management and care of, 14, 215;
Mary, Queen of Scots', 192;
monuments erected to, 32, 61;
mythological, 10, 62, 94, 97-100, 136;
naming, 157, 194;
North-American Indians' terror at sight of, 171;
of Abraham, 1, 2;
Acheans, 15-17;
Agrigentum, 32;
Anatolia 196, 281;
Anglo-Saxons, 88-90;
Armenia, 31;
Athenians, 24;
Babylon, 4;
Bedouins, 286-287;
Britain, 17, 24;
the Egyptians, 2, 3, 19, 281;
Erichthonius, 4, 5;
Flanders, 141;
France, 141;
Friesland, 141;
Gauls, 70, 72, 75;
Germany, 141;
Greece, 14, 15, 29, 30, 48-49, 102;
Hittites, 6;
Ireland, 17, 74-75, 115, 252;
Libyans, 4, 16, 17, 48, 54, 103, 104, 281;
Macedonians, 46, 281;
Niseans, 31, 34;
Numideans, 64, 281;
Parthians, 53, 66;
Persians, 31, 33, 114-115, 281;
Romans, 70, 78, 80, 102, 282;
Russians, 123;
Scandinavians, 95;
Scythians, 34-36, 281;
Sicilians, 27-28;
Solomon, 6;
Spain, 53, 65, 66, 75, 168, 171;
Swedes, 83;
Syria, 196, 281;
Tartars, 123;
Thessaly, 21, 50, 54, 61, 62;
Thracians, 12, 14, 15;
Trojans, the, 4, 28;
Turkish, 215, 243, 244;
Philip II.'s love for, 27;
pictures of, 61-62, 137, 225, 279;
points of, 40, 41, 47, 50, 66, 68, 80, 140;
prices of, 55, 125, 177, 178, 203, 214, 229, 235, 274;
represented on coins, 26-27, 65, 75, 103;
on vase painting, 51;
on panels in Ireland, 115;
sacrificed, 33-36, 78, 97, 104;
scarcity of at Crecy, 125;
among the Romans, 282;
Shakespeare's, 181, 182;
shire horses, 140, 144;
Spanish Armada, 222;
“starling-coloured,” 53;
starvation of, 146, 147;
stolen, 214;
strength of, 105, 111, 112;
superstitions about, 78, 79, 121, 123, 213;
three-years-olds, 271, 288;
trained to music, 8;
transported to Cuba and Hispaniola, 169;
unshod, 24;
war horses, 104, 109-111, 131, 136-138, 199, 200, 283, 292;
wealth expressed by number of, 81;
with white star, 17, 54
Horse thieves, 120
Hunters, 183, 207
Hunting 118, 161, 162, 179, 180, 187, 192, 218, 241, 253, 261
Huntingdon, race at, 220
Hyde Park Meeting, 224
“Hyksos, The,” 2
Hypanis, the (River Bug), 21
Hyperenor, 12
Hypnotism of horses, 289-290
Iceni, the, 75, 117
Ill-treatment of horses, 100, 105, 129, 271, 272
India, 36
Influence of the horse on history, 96, 97, 103, 104, 183, 281-284
Ireland, 17, 18, 74, 75, 115, 116, 252
Iron Age, the, 15, 17, 19, 22
“Iron Horseman, An,” 227
“Isokelismos,” 30
James I., at Lincoln, 219;
encouraged gambling, 210;
improvement of horses under, 203;
liked tall horses, 215;
love of racing, 202, 209, 210;
made Newmarket “a royal village,” 205;
present of horses from Naples, 207;
Royal studs of, 207;
trained his horses, 220;
wrote on horses, 220
James II., as a sportsman, 261;
at Winchester races, 262
Joan of Arc, 137, 138, 279
Job, the steed of, 5
Jockey Club, the, 174, 270
Jockeys, 113, 209, 220, 253-254, 265, 291
John Selwyn, 187, 189
Julius Cæsar describes battle, 70, 71;
horses in time of, 105;
reference to the Iceni, 75
“Kantake,” 21
King Arthur, 82
King John, 111, 113
King's Master of the Stud, 264
“Lamri,” 82
Law commandeering horses for kings, 119;
forbidding exportation of horses, 149-154;
forbidding Roman Catholics to keep valuable horses, 264;
maintenance of horses, 151-154
“Leger,” the, 288
Libya, 16
Libyans, the, 4, 7, 17, 20, 21, 29
Lincoln Race Meeting, 219
Lord Arundel (1377), 133
Lord Cardigan's “Ronald,” 285
Lord Herbert, 179, 180
Louis XIV. arranges races at St Germains, 255, 256
Love for horses, Adhils', 83;
Alexander the Great's, 59;
Anne's, 267, 276;
Boadicea's, 77;
Charles II.'s, 246-257;
Elizabeth's, 187;
Gradasso's, 94;
Henry VIII.'s, 165;
Mahomet's, 88;
Mary Queen of Scots', 189;
of the ancients, 97;
Richard II.'s, 128;
Roderick's, 93;
William the Conqueror's, 108;
Xenophon's, 38, 48
Macedonian soldier, 19
Macedonians, the, 46
Mahomet, encourages horse breeding, 86;
goes to heaven on Alborak, 89;
the mule of, 87
Marathon, 46
Mares' milk as food, 37
Mares, the Royal, 250, 257
“Marocco,” 184, 185
Marquis of Mantua, 157
Mary, Queen of Scots, good horsewoman, 192;
her horses, 192;
love of horses, 191
Mary II., 153
Maximilian, the Emperor, 141, 142
Menelaus, 10
Menesthus, 10
Mesmerising horses, 289, 290
Mexico, 169, 170
Monmouth, the Duke of, 255-257
“Morocco Barb,” 225
Mounting, 43, 59, 64, 66
Mounting block, 64
Mycenæ, the, 6
Mycenean Greeks, 20;
period, 6, 19
Mythological horses, 10, 62, 94, 97-100, 136
Naming horses, 157, 194
Napier's “Molly,” Sir Charles, 279
Napoleon I.'s horses, 200;
“Marengo,” 279
Neolithic Period, 4
Netherby races, 76
Newcastle, the Duke of, 226-228, 235, 247, 249, 257
Newmarket, 144;
at end of seventeenth century, 258, 259;
Charles II.'s favourite meeting, 247, 248;
described by Shadwell, 251, 252;
early history of, 222;
Edward II. stops a tournament at, 124;
Elizabeth at, 175;
famous flat race arranged at, 220;
first important races at, 223;
fox hunt near, 253;
historic race meeting at, 248;
horses of, 117, 118;
Iceni at, the, 75;
incident at, 254;
James I. present at, 206, 209, 217;
Marocco, foaled at, 184;
rebuilding of race stand at, 247;
Spanish Armada horses at, 222, 223;
the royal village, 205;
under William III., 263-265
Newspaper account of races, the first, 224
Normans, 20
Northern America, no horses in, 168
Nose bands, 18, 286
Numidians, the, 64, 281
Oaks, the, 290
O'Byrnes, the, 127, 128
Oliver Cromwell, 233, 234
Olympic games, the, 25, 27, 31, 32, 37
O'Moores, the, 127, 128
Opposition to coaches and railways, 237, 238
“Ormonde,” 288
Oxen used by Roman Catholics, 264
Pale, the, 127
Parthenon frieze, the, 29, 30, 39, 64
Patroclus, 12
Pausanias, 44
Pedigree through dams, 100, 101
Pegasus, 16, 98
Peloponnesian War, 24
Persia, 36, 37, 43
Persians, the, 20, 31, 33, 36, 46
Persimmon, 288
Phallas, 10
Phrenicus, 37
Pictures of horses, 61, 62, 137, 225, 279
Pictures of races, 220
Plinth of North Cross, Ireland, 115
Points of horses, 40, 41, 47, 50, 66, 68, 80, 140
Priam, 10
Prices of horses, 55, 125, 177, 178, 203, 214, 229, 235, 274
Prizes, 11, 111, 205, 208, 245, 254, 255, 262, 275, 291
Pylian breed, the, 10
Queen Anne, a “turfite,” 267;
condemned tail-docking, 271;
founded Ascot, 270;
love of horses, 265, 276;
revived racing rules, 270
Queen Elizabeth, 111, 114, 153, 175, 178, 187, 193, 206
Racecourses as pleasure grounds, 245
Race horses, 33, 49, 160, 199;
ages of, 271;
development of, 173, 202-205, 289;
Elizabeth's interest in, 144;
Edward III.'s interest in, 124;
fondness of the Greeks for, 53;
from Spanish Armada, 222, 223;
James I.'s love for, 205, 206, 208;
naming, 157;
nineteenth century, 288;
present to King Athelstan of, 91;
present to Edward III., 125;
present to Henry VIII., 158;
reinstated by Charles II., 245;
Richard I.'s, 113;
Richard II.'s, 129;
sold at a loss, 242;
tails of, 272;
training of, 156
Rameses, 2
Rarey, 12
Richard I., 111, 113
Richard II., 128-130, 246
Richard III., 138, 139
Riding bareback, 29, 38, 59
Riding masters, 41
Riding matches, 154, 176, 218, 220
“Roan Barbary,” 128, 129
“Robert the Devil,” 288
Roderick and “Orelia,” 93
Roger de Bellesne, Earl of Shrewsbury, 107
Roguery on the Turf, 174, 175
Roland and “Veillantiff,” 92, 93
“Rowley, Old,” 246;
Rowley Mile, 247
Royal Ascot, 270
Royal cream-white horses, 289
Royal Mares, the, 250, 257
Royal Stud, 148, 149, 207, 216
Russia, 123
Saddle-cloths, 59, 63, 82, 155
Saddles, 59;
among early Greeks, 38;
among the Romans, 63, 81;
in Ireland, 110;
in races, 155;
of the Mongols, 291;
of the Normans, 110;
scorned, 40, 64;
used by Angles, 88, 89
“Saga of Burnt-Njal,” the, 95
“St Gatien,” 288
St George's Cup, 208
Salisbury, race gathering at, 177
Sarmatian, 44
“Savoy,” of Charles VIII. of France, 138, 139
Scandinavian barrows, 91
Scandinavians, the, 95
Scythians, the, 34, 36, 281
Seius' horse, 27
Severus Alexander, 75
Shakespeare's horses, 181-183
“Shibdiz,” 82
Shields, 20, 115
Shire horses, 140, 144
Shoes, ancient objection to, 42;
found in tomb of Childeric, 42, 83;
in lieu of rent, 119;
leather caps used by Romans as, 73;
made of reeds, 42;
regularly used, 83;
silver and gold, 73;
sixteenth-century, 146, 155;
superstitions about, 280, 286
Shortage of horses, 125, 282
Sicilian coinage, 27
Sicilians, 31, 36
Sicily, 22
Sigynnæ, the, 15, 24
Simo, 38, 50
Simon de Montfort, 118
Sir Eustace de Hecche, 120
Smerdis, death of, 37
Solomon, 6
Spanish Armada survivors, 222
Spartans, the, 25
“Spumador,” 82
Spurs, in time of Henry II., 113;
Irish, 110;
John Selwyn's, 188;
of “Blanche Rose,” 155;
of the Greeks, 57;
of the Wife of Bath, 131;
of the Romans, 65
Stage coaches, 238-240
Stakes, at Newmarket, 254;
in Mongolia, 291;
Louis XIV.'s Plate, 255;
St George's Cup, 208;
silver bells as, 177, 205-208, 245;
snaffle as, 177;
under James II., 262;
won by descendants of Eclipse, 291;
won by Seigneur Nicolle Dex, 154, 156
Stallions, adapted for coach use, 240;
Arabian, 76, 203, 204, 264, 267-270, 289;
celebrated seventeenth-century, 257;
celebrated eighteenth-century, 267-270, 273-276;
colour of, 111;
Dutch purchase racing, 226;
Eastern breed of, 114;
fed on eggs and oysters, 178;
importation of, 76, 114, 116, 148, 203, 204, 207, 212, 226, 264;
law against exportation of, 166;
shire, 144;
Spanish, 107, 227, 230;
thoroughbred, 288
Staying power, 105, 111
Stirrup leathers, 228
Stirrups, 40;
in Ireland, 110;
regularly used, 88;
standing in, 220;
unknown to Bedouins, 287
Stud, 274, 288;
Charles II.'s, 250, 257;
Cromwell's, 243;
Cumberland Lodge, 267;
Duke of Newcastle's, 251;
Edward III.'s, 125;
Elizabeth's, 144;
established by William the Conqueror, 114;
King's Master of the, 264;
Marquis of Mantua's, 157;
modern forms, 116;
Royal stud, 148, 149, 207, 216;
Wolsey's, 144
“Sumpter horses,” 193
Superstitions, 78, 79, 121, 123, 213-215
Superstitions about horseshoes, 280, 286
Tarentum, 22
Tartars, the, 36, 123
Theobald's, race meeting at, 245
Thessalians, the, 21
Thessaly, 50, 54, 61, 62
Thetford Race Meeting suppressed, 219
Thomas à Becket, 113
Thoroughbreds, 114, 197, 199, 230, 251, 274, 275, 288, 293;
development of, 288;
Dodsworth included in royal stud, 250;
English, introduced into France, 231;
fed on eggs and oysters, 78;
in Richard II.'s reign, 130;
introduced into America, 287;
management of, 215;
Mr T. A. Cook on, 267;
nineteenth century, 288;
of William III., 263;
sold at a loss, 242
Thracian horses, 14
Thracians, the, 12, 14, 122
Three-year-olds, 271, 288
Thurii, 37
Trainers, 156, 220, 221, 230
Trappings, 13, 14, 34, 159, 237, 257
Trickery in racing, 174, 176, 205, 209, 270
Tripods, 11
Trojans, the, 4, 28
Troy, 28, 29
Tryers and gentlemen tryers, 177, 218, 220
Turf, the, 145, 157, 173-176, 205, 231, 245, 251, 255, 261, 264, 265, 273-275, 288
Turkish horses, 215, 243, 244
Two Thousand, the, 288
Valerian, the Emperor, 43
Varni, the, 89
Vedic Aryans, the, 20
Veneti, the, 36, 101
Verus, the Emperor, 80
Veterinary surgeons, 221
Vicious breeds, 104
“Villiers Arabs,” 204
Wagers, at Newmarket, 205;
between Charles II. and Sir Robert Carr, 254;
by David Hume, 174;
first allusion to, 11;
in reign of Henry II., 113;
in reign of Henry III., 116, 117;
on flat racing, 218;
on Lord Haddington's race, 220
“Warned off the Turf,” 174, 270
Washing horses' legs, 45
Wealth expressed by number of horses, 81
Weights, 262
Wellington's “Copenhagen,” 278, 279
Wheels of chariots, 20
White animals sacred, 33, 36
White hoof, a, 214
White horse, the, 21, 31, 32;
banner of, 69, 91, 92;
beloved of the gods, 33, 122;
criminal act to wound a, 123;
divination by sacred, 79;
Joan of Arc's, 137, 138;
Mahomet's Alborak, 89;
Napoleon's, 279;
not liked for work, 67;
of Chinghas Khan, 121-123;
of the Scandinavians, 95;
of Selene, 98, 99;
sacrificed, 33, 36, 50, 78, 123;
superstitions about, 123;
stud of Richard III., 139;
“White Surrey” of Richard III., 139;
“White Turk,” of Cromwell, 279
William the Conqueror, 97, 103, 108-110, 114
William III., Acts against Roman Catholics possessing horses, 264;
for development of horses, 153;
court of, 259;
interest in horses, 263-266;
statue in Dublin, 236, 237
William Stephanides, 110
Winchester Meeting, the, 262
Windsor Great Park, 267
Windsor, stud at, 125
Wolsey, Cardinal, 141-145
Wooden Horse of Troy, the, 28
Xenophon's advice to riders, 44, 45;
early life of, 45;
kindness to horses, 38, 49;
rules, 39, 40
Xerxes, procession of, 34, 50
Zeus, car of, 34

The Horse in History

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INDEX