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The Invisible Government

Chapter 38: C
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About This Book

The author argues that an interlocking network of tax-exempt organizations, policy councils, foundations, corporate interests, media institutions, unions, and civic and academic groups exercise covert influence over federal policymaking, tracing links from wartime coordination to postwar continuity of those policies. The work catalogs groups and meetings, examines mechanisms of influence—propaganda, financial ties, advisory councils and communications control—and claims these channels limit electoral change while promoting internationalist and centralized policies. It presents historical examples and organizational lists, analyzes motives and methods, and concludes with recommendations for public awareness and action to restore democratic accountability.

INDEX

This is an index to the text of this volume. Names which appear in Appendix I and Appendix II (membership rosters of the Council on Foreign Relations and of the Atlantic Union Committee) are not in this index unless they are mentioned in the text.

A

Abraham & Straus, 76 ff

Abram, Morris B., 171

Abrams, Frank W., 170

Abrams, Henry H., 149

Acheson, Dean, 105; 118

ACTION, 101

ADA, 146 ff

Adams, Grantley H., 20

Adenauer, Konrad, 143

ADVERTISING COUNCIL, 91; 95; 97-102; 174;
  Public Policy Committee, 99;
  Mental Health project, 101;
  support of UN, 102

ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON POSTWAR FOREIGN POLICY, 5

AFL-CIO, 56; 100; 130

AFRICA, 105

Agar, Herbert, 155

Agger, Donald G., 123

Air-Vue Products Corp., 92

Alabama Power Company, 91

Alanbrooke, Field-Marshal, 30

ALDRICH COMMISSION, 54

Aldrich, Malcolm P., 171

Aldrich, Winthrop W., 84

Alexander, Henry C., 170

Allen, James L., 76

Allen, Steve, 148

Allen, William M., 84

Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co., 85

Allyn, Stanley C., 85; 125; 152

Altschul, Frank, 64; 140; 142

Aluminum Limited, Inc., 14; 63

American Airlines, 93

AMERICAN ASSEMBLY, 100; 144 ff

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE UNITED NATIONS, 126 ff; 173

American Can Company, 14

American Central Insurance Co., 91

AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION, 142

AMERICAN COMMITTEE ON AFRICA, 151

AMERICAN COUNCIL TO IMPROVE OUR NEIGHBORHOODS (ACTION), 101

American Express, 76

AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION, 56 ff

AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE, 47

American Heavy Minerals Corp., 95

American Heritage, 157

AMERICAN HERITAGE FOUNDATION, 87

AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE, 47

AMERICAN LEGION (Americanism Committee of Waldo Slaton Post 140), 36 ff; 46; 175

American Metal Climax, Inc., 14

American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., 64

AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS, 130

AMERICAN-SCANDANAVIAN FOUNDATION, 55

AMERICANS FOR DEMOCRATIC ACTION (ADA), 146 ff

American Strategy For The Nuclear Age, 140

American Sugar Refining Company, 76; 127

AMERICANS UNITED FOR WORLD GOVERNMENT, 124

American Tel. & Tel., 14; 89; 91

American Trust Company, 86; 91

"America's Most Powerful Private Club," 82

Anderson, Clayton, Company, 55; 62; 91

Anderson, Dillon, 169

Anderson, Eugenie, 130

Anderson, Marian, ii

Anderson, Robert B., 85

ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE, 47

Arabian American Oil Company, 14

ARDEN HOUSE GROUP, 145

AREA DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE, 70 ff

Armco International Corp., 14

Armstrong, Hamilton Fish, 4 ff; 140

ARMY-McCARTHY HEARINGS, 84

Army Times, 113

Ashmore, Harry S., 168

ASIA, 40; 106;
  communist goal to enslave, 44

Asiatic Petroleum Corp., 14

ASSOCIATION FOR EDUCATION IN WORLD GOVERNMENT, 125

Atlanta Transit Co., 86

ATLANTIC EXPLORATORY CONVENTION, 122

ATLANTIC UNION, 113 ff

ATLANTIC UNION COMMITTEE, Inc., 105 ff; 118 ff; 130; 152;
  membership, 202

Atlantic Union News (quote from), 122

AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, v

AVCO Manuf. Corp., 88

Avildsen, Clarence, 85

B

Babb, Jervis J., 70; 76

Bacher, Robert F., 169

Baldwin, Hanson W., 155

Baldwin, Roger, 143

Ball, George W., 11; 180

Bank of America, 56; 85

Bank of Manhattan Company, 64; 76

Bankers Security Corporation, 130

Bankers Trust Company, 14; 65; 92

Barkin, Solomon, 142

Barnes, Harry Elmer, 165

Barnes, Joseph, 156

Barnett, Frank R., 137

Barrett, Edward W., 125; 152

Bates, Harry C., 101

Batten, William M., 85

Bay Petroleum Corp., 94

Beal, Gerald F., 48

Beard, Charles E., 169

Beaver Coal Co., 87

Bechtel, S. D., 85

Beise, S. Clark, 85

Belafonte, Harry, 148

Beliefs, Purposes and Policies (quote from UWF pamphlet), 123 ff

Belgian Securities Corp., 14

Bell and Howell Co., 88; 92; 93

Bell, Elliott V., 64; 156

Bell, James F., 170

Bell, Laird, 142

Bendix Aviation Corp., 89

Benny, Jack, 102

Benton, William, affiliations: iii; 62; 64; 130; 143

Berger Manufacturing Co., of Mass., 92

Berle, Adolf A., Jr., affiliations: 11; 55, 140; 150; 171

BERLIN, 28 ff; 132, 180

Bernhard, Prince of The Netherlands, v

Berry, George P., 171

Bethlehem Steel Co., Inc., 14

Better Farming, 85

Better Homes and Gardens, 85

Biddle, Francis, 146, 171

"Bilderbergers," v

BILL OF RIGHTS, The U. S., 108 ff

Bingham, Barry, 168

BIRCH (JOHN) SOCIETY, 147, 158

Bixby (Fred H.) Ranch Co., 88

Black, Eugene R., 168

Black, James B., 55, 168

Blanc, Louis, 60-61

Blanding, Sarah G., 76, 99

Bliss, Robert Woods, 170

Bliss, Tasker H., 3

Blough, Roger M., 85, 96, 171

Blue Diamond Corp., 88

Blum, Robert, 140; 169

B'NAI B'RITH, 102

Boeing Airplane Co., 84

Boeschenstein, Harold, 85

Bohen, Fred, 85

Bohlen, Charles E., 11

Book of the Month Club, Inc., 63

Booz, Allen and Hamilton, 76

Bosch, Albert H., 150

Bowery Savings Bank, 56

Bowie, Robert R., iii; 140

Bowles, Chester, affiliations: 10, 146; 152; 168

Bowles, Mrs. Chester, 151

Bowman, Isaiah, 5

Brada, George, 150

Brace, Lloyd D., 168

Braden Copper Co., 87

Braden, Spruille, 158 ff

Bradfield, Richard, 168

Bradley, Albert, 170

Bradley, Omar N., 170

Brandt, Willy, 20

Branscomb, Harvie, 170

Breech, Ernest R., 85

Brenton, W. Harold, 76

Bridges, Harry, 111

British Aluminum, Ltd., 93

Bronk, Detlev W., 168, 169

Brown Brothers, Harriman and Co., 14

Brown, Courtney C., 142

Brown, George R., 85

Brown, John Mason, 156

Brown & Root, Inc., 85

Brownlee, James F., 76, 168

Bruce, David K. E., 10, 150

Brundage, Percival F., 113

Brunswick Paper and Pulp Co., 89

Bryant, Arthur, 30

Buckmaster, L. S., 142

Bullis, Harry A., 124, 148

Bunche, Ralph J., affiliations: 5, 99, 125, 144; 151, 152, 168

Bundy, Harvey H., 169

Bundy, McGeorge, 11

Bunker, Arthur H., 124

Burgess, Carter L., 85

Burlington Industries, Inc., 90

Burns, Arthur F., 171

Burroughs Corp., 92

Bush, Prescott, (favoring Holmes nomination), 8-10

Bush, Vannevar, 170

BUSINESS ADVISORY COUNCIL (BAC), 81-96;
  influence on gov. policy, 82;
  influence on Army-McCarthy hearings, 83;
  membership, 84 ff, 128;
  tax-exempt status, 83

BUSINESS COUNCIL (see Business Advisory Council)

BUSINESS EXECUTIVES RESEARCH COMMITTEE, 72 ff, 77 ff

Business Week, 64

Butler, William, 143

Buttenwieser, Benjamin J., 49; 99

C

Cabin Crafts, Inc., 89

Cabot Corporation, 14

Cabot (Godfrey L.) Inc., 64

Cabot, Henry B., 125

Cabot, Paul C., 85

Cabot, Thomas D., 64

Cadman, S. Parkes, 143

California Texas Oil Corp., 14

Cameron Iron Works, Inc., 14

Campbell Soup Co., 14; 92

Canadian General Electric Co., 65

Canby, Henry Seidel, 148

Canfield, Cass, 124; 126; 156

Canham, Erwin D., 46 ff; 141; 171

Carey, Mrs. Andrew G., 48

Carey, James B., 142

Carmichael, James V., 86

Carnahan, A. S. J., 66 ff

Carnegie Corporation of New York, 21; 93; 95; 152; 161; 169

CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE, iii; 49: 163; 169

CARNEGIE FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF TEACHING, 170

CARNEGIE FOUNDATION, 4; 35; 39

CARNEGIE INSTITUTE, 63; 88; 93

CARNEGIE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 93

CARNEGIE INSTITUTE OF WASHINGTON, 170

Carpenter, Walter S., Jr., 170

Carrier Corp., 64; 95

Case, Everett Needham, 76; 130

Casey, Joe, 7

Castle & Cook, Ltd., 92

Castro, Fidel, 18 ff; 62; 159

Caterpillar Tractor Co., 86

Catton, Bruce, 168

CED (see: Committee for Economic Development)

CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDY IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, 94

CENTER OF DIPLOMACY AND FOREIGN POLICY, 152

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT (powers of), 110

Central Life Assurance Society, 85

Central National Bank of Richmond, 93

CFR (see: Council on Foreign Relations)

Chaco Petroleum of South America, 94

Chagla, M. C., 19

Chalk, O. Roy, 130

Challenge To Isolationism, 1937-1940, 165

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, THE U. S., 63

Champion Paper and Fibre Co., 96

Chase Manhattan Bank, The, 14; 56; 89; 92; 100

Chase, Stuart, iii

CHATHAM HOUSE, iv

Chemstrand Corporation, 93; 95

Chesebrough-Pond's Inc., 14

Chicago and Northwestern Railroad, 63

Chicago Bridge and Iron Co., 14

Chicago Daily News, 157

Childs, Marquis, 144; 146; 156

Childs, Richard S., 143

CHINA,
  communist conquest of, 40-47;
  employment in Red China, 54;
  recognition of Red China, 147

Christian Science Monitor, 46 ff; 156; 159

Christiana Securities Company, 87

CHRISTIANITY (American heritage of), 111

Church Fire Insurance Corp., 87

CHURCH PEACE UNION, iii; 49

Churchill, Winston, 27

Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co., 88

Cisler, Walker L., 64; 86

C. I. T. Financial Corp., 89

Cities Service Co., Inc., 14

CITIZENS COMMITTEE FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, 130 ff

CITIZENS OF NORTH ATLANTIC DEMOCRACIES (Convention), 122

CITY PLANNING, 71

Clapper, Olive, 99

Clark, Evans, 99; 171

Clark, Joseph S., 102

Clay, Lucius D., affiliations: 83; 86; 150; 170

Clayton, William L., affiliations: 15; 62; 86; 122; 123

Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co., 95

Cleveland, Harlan, 144

Cline (Robert A.) Inc., 88

Cluett, Peabody and Co., Inc., 89; 96

Coca-Cola Co., 93

Cohen, Benjamin V., 5; 126; 171

Cole, Charles W., 168

Cole, David L., 169

Collado, Emilio G., 65

COLLEGE-COMMUNITY RESEARCH CENTERS, 72 ff

COLLEGES (see: Universities and Colleges)

Collier Carbon & Chemical Corp., 95

Collyer, John L., 86; 170

Columbia Broadcasting System, 94; 130

COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (CED), 51-79; 81;
  Annual Report (1957), 54, 64 ff, 70 ff, 77, 154, 174;
  Area Development, 70;
  Business-Education Committee, 76 ff, 127;
  College-Community Research Centers, 70 ff;
  Dallas CED Associates, 78 ff;
  education programs, 73, 154;
  Research and Policy Committee, 64

COMMISSION ON MONEY AND CREDIT, 51-61

COMMISSION ON NATIONAL GOALS, 140 ff

COMMITTEES ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, 20 ff; 35

COMMONWEALTH FUND OF NEW YORK, 171

COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA, 153

COMMUNISM (World Brotherhood's opinion of), 144

COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL (quotation of plan for World Government), 112

Communist Manifesto, 61

COMMUNIST PARTY, i; 143

Como, Perry, 102

Compton, Arthur H., 143

Conant, James B., 76; 141

CONFERENCE ON WORLD TENSIONS, 144

CONGRESS, THE U. S.,
  AUC Resolution presented to, 119;
  CFR influence on, 35;
  CMC recommendations to, 52 ff;
  debates on NATO Citizens Commission Law, 120 ff;
  the 83rd Session, 162;
  foreign aid appropriations, 66, 133;
  House Rules Committee, 53;
  investigating committees, v, 177 ff;
  rejecting world government resolution, 115 ff

Congressional Record,
  debates on Holmes nomination, 9;
  debates on NATO Citizens Commission Law, 120;
  quoting Carnahan on Development Loan Fund, 66:
  on Radio Free Europe, 150

CONNALLY RESERVATION, iii; 144; 177 ff

Connecticut General Life Insurance Co., 14; 55

Conner, John T., 76

Consolidated Foods Corp., 45

CONSTITUTION, THE U. S., 100; 108 ff; 179;
  Preamble, 109

Continental Can Company, 14; 86; 96

Continental Illinois National Bank & Trust, 88

Continental Oil Co., 15

Copeland, Lammot DuPont, 151

Cordiner, Ralph J., 86

Corette, John E., 86

Corn Products Co., 15

Corning Glass Works, 15

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS,
  Annual Reports, 11, 12, 16 ff, 18, 21;
  Corporation Service, 16 ff;
  Financial contributors to, 14 ff, 18, 79;
  Financial Statement, 13;
  History of, iii ff, 1 ff;
  Influence on:
  Berlin zoning agreements, 32 ff;
  communications media, 153;
  Disarmament discussions, 145;
  Greenland protection move, 25;
  foreign aid, 132;
  foreign policy, 36, 153;
  Foundations, 162 ff;
  National Housing Acts, 71;
  'National Purpose,' 140;
  Radio Free Europe, 149;
  World War II, 24-26;
  Interlocking organizations: 35-49, 57, 61 ff, 70 ff, 81 ff, 96 ff, 122, 125 ff, 131, 137 ff, 145 ff, 150 ff, 161 ff;
  International affiliations, 143;
  members in U. S. government, 10 ff;
  membership list, 187;
  organizations formally affiliated with, 20;
  related foreign organizations, v;
  summary discussion of, 173 ff;
  tax-exempt status, 19