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The Invisible Government

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About This Book

The author argues that an interlocking network of tax-exempt organizations, policy councils, foundations, corporate interests, media institutions, unions, and civic and academic groups exercise covert influence over federal policymaking, tracing links from wartime coordination to postwar continuity of those policies. The work catalogs groups and meetings, examines mechanisms of influence—propaganda, financial ties, advisory councils and communications control—and claims these channels limit electoral change while promoting internationalist and centralized policies. It presents historical examples and organizational lists, analyzes motives and methods, and concludes with recommendations for public awareness and action to restore democratic accountability.

I

IBM World Trade Corporation, 15

Ickes, Harold L., 114

"I Love Lucy," 102

INDIA, 44

INDIAN COUNCIL OF WORLD AFFAIRS, v

Industrial Publishing Co., 158

Industrial Rayon Corp., 89

INFORMATION AGENCY, U. S., 10

Inland Steel Corp., 93

INSTITUT DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES, v

INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT, 125

INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ORDER, 125

INSTITUTE OF AMERICAN STRATEGY, 137 ff

INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION, 152; 164

INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS (IPR), 39 ff; 179

INTER-DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON LATIN AMERICA, 11

Interlake Iron Corp., 95

INTERLOCKING UNTOUCHABLES, 161-171

INTERNAL REVENUE CODE, 179

INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, 83

International Bank, 69

International Business Machines Corp., 77; 100

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ADMINISTRATION, 11; 69

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORP., 69

International General Electric Co., 15

International Harvester Co., 91

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND, 20; 69

International Nickel Company, Inc., 15

International Packer, Ltd., 94 ff

International Paper Co., 85; 90

International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., 15

Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 2; 59 ff

Invisible government, appeal of, 173

Iowa-Des Moines National Bank, 85

IPR (see: Institute of Pacific Relations)

Iron Ore Co. of Canada, 92

Irving Trust Co., 15; 18

J

Jackson, C. D., 150; 169

Jacobsson, Per, 20

Javits, Jacob K., 119; 146

Jefferson, Thomas, 108; 185

Jessup, Philip C., 140; 169

Johnson, Joseph E., affiliations: iii; 5; 49; 140; 169

Johnson, Lyndon, 123; 131

Johnson, Robert L., 151

Johnston, Eric A., affiliations: 63; 89: 123; 125; 142

JOINT COUNCIL ON ECONOMIC EDUCATION, 72 ff; 76

Jones, Alfred W., 89

Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp., 87

Jones, Charles S., 99

Josephs, Devereux C., 89; 169; 171

Joyce, William H., Jr., 168

Judd, Walter H., 69; 105

K

Kahn, Otto H., 2

KANSAS UNIVERSITY ENDOWMENT ASSOCIATION, 87

Kanzler, Ernest, 89

Kappel, Frederick, 89

Katz, Milton, 125; 145; 169

Keating, Kenneth, 119

Keenan, Joseph, D., 101

Kefauver, Estes, 105; 119

Kelley, Nicholas, 169

Kellogg (M. W.) Co., 15; 87

Kelly, Mervin J., 171

Kelly, Walt, 148

Kennan, George F., ii; 10; 31 ff

KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION, ii

Kennedy, John F., 46; 51; 105; 140;
  CFR membership, 6, 10-12;
  1961 summit meeting, i; iii;
  on foreign aid, 129-133

Kennedy, Robert, 131

Kennekott Copper Corp., 87

Kern County Lend Co., 91

Kerr, Clark, 141; 170

Kestnbaum, Meyer, 63; 65; 168

KEYSTONE ECONOMIC RESEARCH CENTER, 79

Khrushchev, Nikita,
  problems in Germany, 183;
  Stevenson's opinion of, 144;
  summit meeting (1961), i; iii;
  United States tour, 37

Kiano, Gikomyo W., 20

Kidder, Peabody and Co., 15

Killian, James R., Jr., 141; 171

Kimberly, John R., 89; 168

Kimpton, Lawrence A., 99; 170

King, Martin Luther, 148

Kirk, Grayson, 5; 152; 169; 170

Klein, Stanley, 7

KLM Dutch Airlines, 127

Klutznick, Philip M., 55; 102

Knowland, William F., 123

Kollek, Theodore, 20

Korneichuk, Alekesander Y., ii

KOREAN WAR, 7; 40; 44

KRESS (SAMUEL H.) FOUNDATION, 87

Krock, Arthur,
  quotes from, 31; 144

Kroger Company, 88

Kuhn, Loeb and Co., 49

L

Labor (see: Unions)

Labouisse, Henry R., 11

La France Industries, 86

Lally, Francis, 168

Lamont, Thomas S., 170

Landon Abstract Co., 92

Landon, Alf, 148

Lane Company, Inc., 89

Lane, E. H., 89

Lane, Franklin K., 61

Lange, Oscar, 20

Langer, William L., 165

Lanier, Joseph L., 89

Larsen, Roy E., 168

Larson, Arthur, iii

LATIN AMERICA, 105

Lattimore Owen, 5; 41

LAW DAY, 100

Law, Warren A., 78

Lawrence, David, 156; 159

Lazarus, Fred, Jr., 56

LEAGUE OF NATIONS, 13; 113

LEAGUE OF NATIONS COVENANT, 3

LEAGUE OF NEIGHBORS, 116

LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS, 102

LEAGUE TO ENFORCE PEACE, 2

Lehman, Herbert H., affiliations: 2; 126; 143; 146; 149; 151; 168

Lehrman, Hal, 156

Leithead, Barry L., 89

Lemnitzer, Lyman L., 10

Lenin, Nikolai, 128

Lever Brothers Company, 70; 76

Levine, Irving, 157

Lewisohn (Adolph) and Sons, 49

Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co., 90; 93

Liberia Mining Co., Ltd., 92

Liberian Navigation Corp., 92

Life, 159

Lilienthal, David E., 171

Lincoln, Murray D., 130

Linder, Harold F., 49

Linowitz, Sol M., 130

Linton, M. Albert, 168

Lippmann, Walter, 3; 157

Lockheed Aircraft Corp., 86

Loeb (Carl M.), Rhoades and Co., 15

Loeb, Robert F., 168

Long, Augustus C., 90; 128

Look, 65; 159

Loomis, Alfred L., 170

Loos, A. William, iii; 49

Lorillard (P.) Company, 127

Los Angeles Times, 147

Louisville Courier-Journal, 155; 156; 159

Louisville Times, 156

Lourie, Donold B., 90

Love, George H., 90

Love, James Spencer, 90

Lovett, Robert A., 168; 170

Lowry, Howard F., 170

Lubin, Isador, 56; 125

Luce, Clare Boothe, 169

Luce, Henry R., 140; 150; 157

Lummus Company, 15

Lykes Brothers Steam Ship Co., Inc., 95

Lynd, Robert S., 171

Lyon, A. E., 99

Mc

McAfee, James W., 91

McAshan, S. Maurice, 91

McBride, Katharine E., 170

McCabe, Thomas B., 63; 65; 91

McCaffrey, John L., 91

McCARRAN COMMITTEE, 179

McCarran, Pat, Committee investigation, 40 ff

McCarthy, Joseph R., 83 ff

McCloy, John J., affiliations: 5; 10; 19; 99; 143; 145; 168

McCollum, Leonard F., 91

McCormack, Charles P., 91

McCormack, John W., 132

McDonald, James G., 171

McElroy, Neil H., 91

McFadden, Louis T., 39

McGhee, George C., 11; 79

McGowin, Earl M., 91

McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc., 64

McGraw, James H., Jr., 91

McHugh, Keith S., 170

McIntosh, Millicent C., 170

McKee, Paul B., 91

McKelway, Benjamin M., 168

McKesson & Robbins, Inc., 96

McWilliams, John P., 91

M

MacIntyre, Malcolm A., 169

MacKenzie, N.A.M., 170

MacNichol, George P., Jr., 90

Macy (R. H.) & Co., 63; 76

MACY FOUNDATION, 90

Maffry, August, 18

Magill, Roswell F., 90

Malin, Patrick M., 143

Mallon, Neil, 79

Mallory, Walter H., 4; 12 ff

Malott, Deane W., 90

Mansfield, Mike, 119

Manufacturers and Merchants Indemnity Co., 88

Manufacturers Trust Co., iii; 93; 95

Marburg, Louis, 2

Marcus, Stanley, 70; 76 ff; 101; 125

Maria Luisa Ore Co., 92

Marshall, J. Howard, 168

Marx, Karl, 61

Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co., 91

Mathieson (Olin) Chemical Corp., 15; 65; 131

Matson Assurance Co., 92

Matson Navigation Co., 92

Matthews, Herbert L., 19; 159

Mauze, Abby Rockefeller, 169

Mboya, Tom, 20

Mead Corp., 89

Mead, Margaret, iii

Meany, George, 130; 141; 143

"Meet the Press," 102

Mellon National Bank & Trust Co., 87; 90; 93

Merchant, Livingston T., 10

Merck & Co., Inc., 15; 76; 87; 92

Meredith Publishing Co., 85

Meredith Radio & Television Stations, 85

MERRILL CENTER FOR ECONOMICS, 56

MERRILL FOUNDATION, 51; 63

Metropolitan Coach Lines, 88

METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT, 71; 78

Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., 65; 87; 89

MEXICAN WAR (1846-1848), 1

Meyer, Charles A., 169

Meyer, Cord, 125

Meyer, Eugene, 100

Midwest Gas Transmission Co., 94

Midwest Stock Exchange, 91

Mikoyan, Anastas I., 18; 19

Miller, J. Erwin, 56

Miller, Margaret Carnegie, 169 ff

Mills, John S., 170

Minneapolis Star and Tribune, 156

Minute Maid Corporation, 76

Mitchell, Don G., 65

Mobil International Oil Co., 15

Model, Roland and Stone, 15

Moe, Henry Allen, 168

Molotov, Vyacheslav M., 27

MONROE DOCTRINE, 24; 26

Monsanto Chemical Co., 93; 95

Montana Power Co., 86

Montgomery, George G., 91

Moore, Hugh, 123; 125

Morgan Guaranty Trust Co., 87

Morgan, Henry S., 170

Morgan (J. P.) and Company, 86

Morgenstern, George, 165

Morgenthau, Henry, 2

Mortgage Investments Co., 92

Mortimer, Charles G., 92

MOSCOW CONFERENCE (1943), 27; 32

Mosely, Philip E.,
  affiliations: 5; 145;
  at Moscow conference (1943), 27;
  quoted on Berlin zoning, 31 ff;
  quoted on Soviet-American relations conference, i ff

MOTION PICTURE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, 63

Mudd, Seeley G., 170

Muir, Malcolm, 157

Multer, Abraham, 52

Mumford, Lewis, 125; 148

MUNICIPAL PLANNING, 70

Murphy, Donald R., 142

Murphy, Franklin D., 170

Murphy, William B., 92

Murrow, Edward R., 10; 150; 152

Mutual Life Insurance Co., of N. Y., 90; 94

Myers, William I., 100; 170

Myrdal, Gunnar, 148

N

NAACP, 150

Nason, John W., 48; 125

Nathan, Robert R., 56

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (NAACP), 150

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS, 102

National Bank of Commerce, Houston, 95

National Cash Register Co., 15

National City Bank of Cleveland, 89; 91

National Bank of Detroit, 86

National City Bank of N. Y., 92

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIANS AND JEWS, 143; 173

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES, 39; 47; 132; 143

National Dairy Products Corp., 86; 96

National Distillers Products Corp., 85 ff

NATIONAL HOUSING ACTS (1949 through 1957), 71

National Lead Company, Inc., 15

NATIONAL MUNICIPAL LEAGUE, 156

NATIONAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION, 55; 64; 142

National Steel Corporation, 90

National Trust and Savings Assoc., 85

National Union Fire Insurance Co., 87; 93

National Union Indemnity Co., 87

Nationwide Insurance Co., 130

NATO CITIZENS COMMISSION LAW, 120

Neal, Alfred C., 65

Neilson, Frances, 165

Neiman-Marcus Company, 70; 76

Nelson, Otto L., Jr., 169

Newsweek, 157

Newton, Henry C., 171

New York Herald-Tribune, 93; 156; 157

New York Life Insurance Co., 64; 87; 94

New York Post, 156; 159

New York Stock Exchange, 96

New York Times, 15; 19; 99; 113; 155; 157 ff;
  quote from: 31; 129 ff; 143

Nicely, James M., 169

Nichols, Thomas S., 131

Niebuhr, Reinhold, 146; 151

Nielsen, Aksel, 92

Nikezic, Marko, 20

NINTH ARMY, U. S., 28 ff

Nitze, Paul H., 11

Nixon, Richard, 105; 119; 133

NIZHNYAYA OREANDA (Crimea), i

Nkrumah, Kwame, 19

Nolde, O. Frederick, 169

Norfolk and Western Railway, 93

Norgren (C. A.) Co., 92

North American Company, 91

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO), 11; 118

Northern Trust Co., 90

Northwest Bancorporation, 56; 77; 85

Northwestern Bell Telephone Co., 85

Nuveen, John, 152

O

Oceanic Steam Ship Co., 92

O'Hara, Barratt, 69

Ohio Oil Company, Inc., 15

Olds, Irving S., 150

O'Leary, Timothy F., 48

O'Neill, Abby M., 169

OOSTERBECK, The Netherlands, v

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 143; 171

ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, 11

Orgill, Edmund, 171

Osborn, Earl D., 125; 148

Osborn, Frederick, 169

Osborne, Lithgow, 122

Otis Elevator Co., 15

Our One Best Hope (AUC Pamphlet), 119 ff

Our Sunday Visitor, 48

Overland Corporation, 94

Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., 15; 85; 90; 94