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The Katipunan; or, The Rise and Fall of the Filipino Commune

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A document-based examination of a clandestine revolutionary society that precipitated a late-nineteenth-century uprising, tracing its origins, organizational structure, rituals, and links to freemasonry; it scrutinizes membership composition, internal dynamics and alleged moral and political motives, and offers biographical sketches of leading participants. The author draws extensively on official Spanish documents and a key military statement, appending notes and documentary extracts to corroborate the account. The narrative considers how secret associations and circulating ideologies combined to produce rebellion and assesses how internal weaknesses and organizational choices contributed to the society's eventual suppression.

Colophon

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This curious little book is one continuous rant against the Katipunan movement, which stood at the roots of the First Philippine Republic. It also calls the original native population of the Philippines barbarians that imitate in an ape-like fashion, and claims that some Philippine languages do not have the words to say “thank you.” It is highly negative on José Rizal and masonry as well.

Published in Manila in 1902, it is one of the few of its kind in English (similar works did appear in Spanish and Tagalog). Another book supporting the position of the friars, but far less extreme in tone is The Friars in the Philippines (1899) by Ambrose Coleman.

In an article on the Katipunan published in a masonic magazine, The Builder Magazine, February 1916, James A. Robertson provides a little background on the author.

In Blair & Robertson, The Philippine Islands: 1493–1898 (Cleveland, Clark, 1903–1909), Vol. 46, p. 361, note, I cite this pamphlet, (The Katipunan, Manila, 1902), and say of its author “purporting to be by one Francis St. Clair, although it is claimed by some to have been written by or for the friars.” Its author is really one J. Brecknock Watson, who is an Englishman and a convert to Catholicism. At the time of its publication, Watson was in the employ of, or was actually a lay-brother among, the Dominicans, for whom the pamphlet was compiled. The author himself told me that he was “Francis St. Clair” shortly after my arrival in Manila in February, 1910, when I went to the Philippines to take charge of the Philippine Library. James A. LeRoy, until his death one of the foremost authorities on things Philippine, says in his “Bibliographical Notes” (vol. 52, p. 188 note, of the series above cited) that the pamphlet was “published in order to put before Americans the friar viewpoint of the Filipino revolutionists.” The work is, as might be expected, ultra anti-Masonic in character, and consists of translations into English from Spanish writers who were opposed to Masonry. By the enemies of Masonry, the Katipunan has often been designated “the fighting body of Masonry” in the Philippines, a statement which is as ridiculous as it is erroneous. “Francis St. Clair,” at present an editor on the staff of the Cablenews-American, is writing another book on the Katipunan (this time under his own name) from materials which he claims to have discovered. The book will be anti-Masonic in tone.

He continues to classify the work as “utterly untrustworthy” and provides a short history of masonry in the Philippines and its connection with the Katipunan.

The other book on the Katipunan mentioned above apparently never saw the day of light.

Related Library of Congress catalog page: 03016030.

Related Open Library catalog page (for source): OL6929061M.

Related Open Library catalog page (for work): OL3889745W.

Related WorldCat catalog page: 5391381.

Encoding

The large number of spelling mistakes in this work have been corrected and listed below, except for turned letters, which have been corrected silently. (The type-setters obviously avenged themselves for being called ignorant in this book.)

Where periods have been used as thousands-separator, they have been replaced by commas.

Long stretches of periods have been normalized to regular ellipses.

Capitalization of names of peoples has been regularized, such that Spaniards and Filipinos now both have a capital letter.

The symbol ∴ (U+2234) is used to indicate abbreviations.

Revision History

  • 2011-09-21 Started.

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Page Source Correction
N.A., 15, 17, 21, 21, 23, 23, 24, 27, 34, 35, 36, 66, 67, 75, 93, 93, 93, 97, 109, 111, 122, 140, 146, 151, 152, 154, 156, 161, 161, 162, 183, 185, 186, 192, 198, 201, 201, 211, N.A., 212, 218, 228, 230, 235, 248, 253, 253, N.A., 267, N.A., N.A., 319 filipinos Filipinos
8 ememies enemies
8, 10, 14, 17, 18, 24, 24, 24, 33, 68, 68, 69, 74, 74, 74, 75, 76, 77, 77, 81, 82, 82, 83, 92, 97, 101, 101, 102, 104, 106, 106, 108, 108, 110, N.A., 121, 121, 121, 122, 128, 136, 140, 141, 141, 142, 145, 150, 150, 152, 161, 168, 190, 198, 198, 198, 199, 202, 202, 221, 228, 230, 250, N.A., N.A., 291, 303, 311, 314, 314, 322 filipino Filipino
8, 8, 69, 84, 100, 122, 158, 223, 265, 297 saught sought
10 unmistakeable unmistakable
11, 75, N.A., 90, 94, 113, 119, 122, 125, 169, 172, 183, 186, N.A., 257, 272, 275, 285, 293, 295, 303 , .
14, 20 Archipielago Archipelago
14 Hongkong Hong-Kong
14 infuence influence
15 , (16) (16),
16, 21, N.A., 39, 40, 67, 77, 78, 124, 130, 131, 241, 285, 286, 288 tagalog Tagalog
17 colaboration collaboration
17 auspicies auspices
19 Arrellano Arellano
20 implantion implantation
20 confortably comfortably
21, 60, 82, 109, 114, 118, 144, 167, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 179, 181, 185, 187, 197, 197, N.A., 209, 226, 232, 233, 235, 264, 273, N.A., 275, 276, 276, 279, 304, 322 [Not in source] .
22 outcastes outcasts
22 suscriptions subscriptions
22 associaties associates
22 has as
24 banquetting banqueting
24 habour harbor
24, 158 privelege privilege
24 ticture tincture
25 discused discussed
25 criticised criticized
25 hypocricy hypocrisy
26, 26 archipielago archipelago
26 Archipiélago Archipelago
26, 61, 76, 84, 92, 126, 155, 222, 279, 279, 280, 306 chinese Chinese
27 disolved dissolved
28 reassumed re-assumed
29, 55, 61, 61, 61, 82, 85, 94, 109, 120, 193, 276, 277, 277, 299 [Not in source] ,
29 submitied submitted
30 11.29 1129
30 demarkation demarcation
30 recrute recruit
31, N.A., 125 af of
31 decadescence decadence
32 , (56) (56),
33 fine time
34, 270, 278 difunct defunct
35 propicious propitious
36 banquetted banqueted
37 A ac Anak
N.A., 42, 49, 285 the [Deleted]
39 analogeous analogous
39 76 75
40 wealh wealth
40 extravagancies extravagances
43 apellations appellations
44
44 tribunal s tribunales
45 eonfer confer
45 [Not in source] ;
45, 79 Goverment Government
45, 314 ascendency ascendancy
45 successfull successful
47 . ?
47 Itwould It would
47 exeed exceed
48, 165 20.000 20,000
48, 119 1.663 1,663
48, 119 1.673 1,673
48, N.A., 84, 173, 243 [Deleted]
49 determided determined
50, 282 Balintanac Balintauac
51 valiently valiantly
51 regimeut regiment
52 heroicly heroically
53 denounciation denunciation
60, 119, 219, 246, 287, 294 , [Deleted]
60 vevenge revenge
61 mumber number
62 : ;
62, 67, 72, 85, 102, 109, 122, 147, 166, 214, 274, 306 . ,
64
65 in is
65 enveigled inveigled
66 a [Deleted]
66, 249 drunkeness drunkenness
67 vulgarilly vulgarly
67 essencial essential
67 demostrated demonstrated
68 clased classed
68 and and and
68, 124 avarage average
68 liberity liberty
68 soverign sovereign
69 tradgedy tragedy
69 disasterous disastrous
69 intertribual inter-tribal
69 deseminated disseminated
70 irrevelant irrelevant
70 wiriting writing
70 syntesis synthesis
70 necesary necessary
N.A. they the
N.A., 291, 291, 292, 303 vengance vengeance
N.A. detroying destroying
71 unparalled unparalleled
72 demarkations demarcations
72 neces sary necessary
73 responsability responsibility
73 forment foment
73, 114 Philipines Philippines
73 tercely tersely
73 ma-maintained maintained
74, 82, 106 persued pursued
74, 109, 157, 238 [Not in source]
75 ; ,
75 free-wiil free-will
75, 94, N.A. secondry secondary
75 freewill free-will
75, 110, 114 peninsular peninsula
76 would be would-be
76 independant independent
77 patriotsm patriotism
78 independance independence
78 nourishmeut nourishment
79 Catedral Cathedral
79 amunition ammunition
79 firrt first
79 Mannel Manuel
N.A. place placed
N.A. Spainards Spaniards
N.A. Entrada Estrada
N.A. seeure secure
N.A. ln in
N.A. oc of
N.A. clargy clergy
N.A. bringuing bringing
N.A. mame name
N.A. priest priests
82, 321, 321, 329 fulfil fulfill
84 co operation co-operation
84, 148 compaign campaign
84 Inferior Interior
85 ta. Sta.
85 spaniards Spaniards
86 perfomed performed
86 vandalic vandalistic
87 then them
87 admisible admissible
88 exorting extorting
88 physicial physical
89 pseudonomous pseudonymous
89, 93, 98, 98, 151, 204, 207, 234 Hong-kong Hong-Kong
91 memberhip membership
92 thisspirit this spirit
92 Villaruel Villareal
93 Marinas Marianas
93 80.000 80,000
93, 259 200.000 200,000
94 hectareas hectares
94 ungratiful ungrateful
97 soverignty sovereignty
99 prolongued prolonged
100, 179 draw drawer
100 ander under
101 jealously jealousy
101, 101 oppresion oppression
101 as as as
101, 190 hoarde horde
101 oppresed oppressed
101 thc the
101 eminate emanate
102 occassion occasion
102 primarly primarily
103, 117, N.A., 306 aud and
103 transfered transferred
103 7. 30 7:30
103 deporation deportation
104 Sr: Sr.
104 winchester winchesters
104 chosing choosing
105 precidency presidency
108 prissoner prisoner
109 where were
109 thoughtlessy thoughtlessly
113 bacterologist bacteriologist
113 labatory laboratory
114 demostrates demonstrates
114 250.000 250,000
114 400.000 400,000
114 800.000 800,000
114 900.000 900,000
N.A. pubety puberty
115 christian Christian
117 anti-chamber ante-chamber
117 secumbed succumbed
118 Doreteo Doroteo
118 recourses resources
118 an and
118, 120, 180, N.A., 280, 306, N.A., 330 . [Deleted]
119 Cortès Cortés
119, 157, 317 .) ).
119 Cortes Cortés
119, 243 1.309 1,309
119, 243 1.312 1,312
120 apendix appendix
120 follow fellow
120, N.A. ; [Deleted]
120, 156, 202, 203 1.118 1,118
120, 156, 202, 203 1.129 1,129
121 [Not in source] or
123, 124, 256, 256, 307, N.A. chinee Chinee
123 malay Malay
123 negritos Negritos
123 descernable discernible
123 may many
125 influencie influence
125 lessed lesser
126 commited committed
126 arab Arab
126, 151, 187 hoardes hordes
126 barberism barbarism
127 missles missiles
128 estabished established
128 exhange exchange
129 candour candor
130, 323 is in
130 penality penalty
131 were where
132 latter former
136 skilfull skillful
137, 138, 282 Andres Andrés
137 inaccesible inaccessible
138 generalismo generalisimo
139, 246 tendancy tendency
140 rememberance remembrance
140 theiving thieving
142 utilised utilized
142 absudity absurdity
144 sheeps sheep’s
145, 148 of of of
146 inceasing unceasing
146 the the the
146 fulness fullness
147 vigour vigor
147 beneficient beneficent
147, 253, 300 parishoners parishioners
147 entegrity integrity
149 distruction destruction
149 who who who
150, 195, 236
150, 220 tendancies tendencies
152, 164, 170, 187, 188, 211, 315, 317, 319, 319 seperatists separatists
152, 165, 187, 218, 223, 284, 303 seperatist separatist
153 essencially essentially
154 acccused accused
156 sof of
156, 170, 205, 210 1.138 1,138
156, 210 1.143 1,143
157 reqularly regularly
158 peoples people’s
159 Blumentrit Blumentritt
159 strops stoops
159 innoffensive inoffensive
N.A. puttting putting
160 colaborators collaborators
161 Apendix Appendix
161 philippinos Philippinos
162 Peninsular Peninsula
162 desemination dissemination
162 gotten got
164, 165, 189, N.A., 195 [Not in source]
165 temperment temperament
165 to to to
165, 208 1.138–1.143 1,138–1,143
165 ). .)
165 ci izen citizen
167, 196 1.296 1,296
167, 194, 196, 196 1.299 1,299
167 Timote Timoteo
167 Ongjunco Ongjungco
169, 320, 321 fulfilment fulfillment
170, 205 1.132 1,132
170 differred differed
171 asssasination assassination
174, 174 sware swear
175 Vigilence Vigilance
175 favority favorite
175 propably probably
177 alloted allotted
178, 259 emisaries emissaries
180, 220 millonaire millionaire
180 van-guard vanguard
181 to the
183 proclamed proclaimed
184 speaches speeches
184 unpleasentness unpleasantness
187 seperatist separatists
187 proceded proceeded
187 personificy personify
187 propritetor proprietor
188 ”. .”
188 warningof warning of
188 watchfull watchful
189, 246 indian Indian
190 autwitted outwitted
190 outhorities authorities
190 Agninaldo’s Aguinaldo’s
190 [Not in source] a
N.A. hese these
N.A. possesion possession
191 falsly falsely
192 conquerer conqueror
193 wilful willful
193 sha’nt shan’t
193 [Deleted]
194, 196 1.303 1,303
194, 203 1.008 1,008
194, 203 1.013 1,013
194 compossed composed
194 1.014 1,014
194 1.018 1,018
196 imposible impossible
196 tetified testified
196 compromisarios Compromisarios
197, 201 1.332 1,332
197, 201 1.337 1,337
197 Rojas Roxas
197 aggroupation aggregation
197 carring carrying
197 mantel mantle
198 causual casual
199 emong among
200 tribual tribal
201 There Three
201 Japanee Japanese
201 partizans partisans
202 acount account
202 commmission commission
202 is his
202 protect protection
202 on of
205 resourses resources
205 meritiorious meritorious
208 [Not in source] (
208, 232 : .
208 Yokahama Yokohama
208 intermediatory intermediary
209, 209 Tokio Tokyo
209 «
209 dignataries dignitaries
209 ambasador ambassador
209 100.000 100,000
209 pay pays
210 Corea Korea
210 Is belo Isabelo
211 liitle little
212 then than
212 cruizer cruiser
213 indifferentism indifference
214 1.132–1.138 1,132–1,138
216 Japones Japonés
216 aquaintances acquaintances
217 outdone out-done
217 it it it
220 plebian plebeian
220 searcely scarcely
221 depised despised
221 have have have
222 it is
222 intented intended
222 element elements
223 he be
223 organisims organisms
224 A see appendix See appendix A
225, 265 fol. fols.
225 1.131 1,131
226, 226 programe programme
226 » [Deleted]
227 it its
227 bannar banner
228 revolutionanary revolutionary
228 [Not in source] )
229 do do do
230 civil Civil
230 masony masonry
231, 275 mexican Mexican
234 semi savages semi-savages
235, 248 ; :
236 suprise surprise
237 Firedrands Firebrands
238 lighed lit
239 mement moment
240 clases classes
242 siezed seized
244 1.381 1,381
244 1.382 1,382
244 ammuntion ammunition
244 cuting cutting
245 expence expense
245 ne one
245 proportion portion out
245 nett net
245 planed planned
246 be be be
246 absorbe absorb
246 absorbes absorbs
246 possesed possessed
247 sedentery sedentary
249 continal continual
249 beastial bestial
250 mahomedans Mohammedans
250 or nor
251 chief chiefs
251 resistence resistance
251 . ;
251 perposterous preposterous
252 religon religion
253 te to
N.A. Mahomedan Mohammedan
N.A. warter water
255 think thought
256 incission incision
257 night might
257 6.000 6,000
257 commencenent commencement
258 evangelica evangelical
259 garote garrote
259 councilled counselled
261 writer written
261 ocassion occasion
261 of Ministers of Ministers of Ministers
261 [Not in source] :
262 birth-day birthday
262 fountation foundation
264, 322 the The
265 Spanniards Spaniards
267 admiting admitting
268 Medecine Medicine
269 carryiug carrying
269 sllence silence
270 Boniiacio Bonifacio
270 resignatfon resignation
270 filipina Filipina
271 immediateiy immediately
272 immediataly immediately
272 [Not in source] of
N.A. laguage language
N.A. ... “ “...
N.A. french French
N.A. Reaues Revues
N.A. Caezar Caesar
274 inicisions incisions
275 seperatism separatism
278 frem from
278 cannabistic cannibalistic
279 seperate separate
281 trops troops
281 ti it
282 loose lose
283 katipunan Katipunan
283 ef of
284 Diua Dina
284 Arelano Arellano
285 peoples, people’s
286 sel self
288, N.A. tagalogs Tagalogs
288 annoint anoint
288 annointed anointed
290 of off
290 huriedly hurriedly
291 they thy
292 sacrifiece sacrifice
293 countted counted
295 discusion discussion
295 tussel tussle
298 loosing losing
298 the to
298 lithograpic lithographic
300 repentence repentance
300 abbetor abettor
300 Patino’s Patiño’s
304 ; .
304 Aa As
305 fraganti flagrante
306 facinated fascinated
306 Perez Pérez
306 halfcaste half-caste
307 dont don’t
310 irrepresible irrepressible
310 it in
N.A. in a
N.A. suceeded succeeded
N.A. Spanniard Spaniard
N.A. insurpassable unsurpassable
N.A. eared earned
N.A. Poblete,s Poblete’s
311 Licenciate Licentiate
311 everflow overflow
315 demostrate demonstrate
319 rasor razor
320 you you you
321 osbervation observation
321 . :
321 acccount account
322 by be
322 those Those
322 on On
322 wifes wives
323, 324 manifestacion manifestation
324 Arcbishop Archbishop
324 dysentry dysentery
N.A. indespensible indispensable
N.A. expell expel
325 irremissably irremissibly
326 manifestors manifestos
327 descredit discredit
328 pretentions pretensions
328 symbolical symbolic
328 imformation information
328 secretery secretary
329 pervent prevent
330 lighting lightning
330 persue pursue
331 abreviations abbreviations
331 medecine medicine
331 an a
332 notice noticed
333 marvellous marvelous
333 assasissination assassination
334 bigotted bigoted
334 council counsel