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The kedge-anchor

Chapter 547: 505.—A Table showing the comparative Strength between Iron Chains and Hemp Cables. Also the Size required agreeably to Tonnage, with the Weight equal to Cable.
By William N. Brady
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About This Book

A practical manual offering step-by-step instructions and numerous engravings on knotting, splicing, rigging, blocks, purchases, running rigging, and other essential seamanship tasks, together with tables of spars, sails, block sizes, cordage, and cable specifications for different classes of vessels. Organized into sections that catalog individual knots, splices, fittings, and small-boat evolutions, it focuses on hands-on technique, materials, and measurements to instruct novice seamen and to serve as a concise reference for more experienced officers and merchant mariners.

505.—A Table showing the comparative Strength between Iron Chains and Hemp Cables.
Also the Size required agreeably to Tonnage, with the Weight equal to Cable.

SIZE OF CHAIN. Vessel’s
Tonnage.		 Size
of
Rope.		 Weight
of
Anchor.		 Proof
required.		 Weight
per
Fathom.
Five-sixteenths of an inch — 2 ¹⁄₂ —     ³⁄₄ ton. 5 ¹⁄₂
Three-eighths of an inch — 3 ¹⁄₄ — 1 ¹⁄₂ 8  
Seven-sixteenths of an inch — 4   — 2 ¹⁄₂ 11  
One-half of an inch  20 4 ³⁄₄ 1 ¹⁄₂ cwt. 3   14  
Nine-sixteenth of an inch  30 5 ¹⁄₂ 2   4 ¹⁄₂ 18  
Five-eighths of an inch  40 6 ¹⁄₄ 2 ¹⁄₂ 6   24  
Eleven-sixteenths of an inch  50 7   3   7 ¹⁄₂ 28  
Three-quarters of an inch  60 7 ³⁄₄ 4   9   32  
Thirteen-sixteenths of an inch  75 8 ¹⁄₂ 4 ¹⁄₂ 11   38  
Seven-eighths of an inch  95 9 ¹⁄₄ 5 ¹⁄₂ 13   44  
Fifteen-sixteenths of an inch 120 10   6 ¹⁄₂ 15   50  
One inch 150 10 ³⁄₄ 8   17   56  
One and one-sixteenth inch 180 11 ¹⁄₄ 9   19   62  
One and one-eighth inch 210 12   10 ¹⁄₂ 21 ¹⁄₂ 70  
One and three-sixteenths inch 240 12 ³⁄₄ 12   24   78  
One and one-quarter inch 280 13 ¹⁄₂ 13 ¹⁄₂ 27   86  
One and five-sixteenths inch 320 14 ¹⁄₄ 15   30   96  
One and three-eighths inch 360 15   16 ¹⁄₂ 33   108  
One and seven-sixteenths inch 400 15 ¹⁄₂ 18   36   115  
One and one-half inch 450 16   20   40   125  

506.—A Table showing the Length, Breadth and Strength of Flax and Cotton Canvass, as used in U. S. N.
Together with the Number, Length and Breadth of Strips cut crosswise and lengthwise, used in the test of Strength, and the average weight required of them, before received for use.

NUMBER OF CANVASS. Number
of yards
in Bolt.		 Weight
of
Bolt.		 Breadth
of
Canvas.		 Distance
of blue
thread fm
selvagee.		 Number
of Strips
cut for
a test.		 Breadth
of Strips,
cut
crosswise.		 Length
of Strips,
cut
crosswise.		 Breadth
of Strips,
cut
lengthwise.		 Length
of Strips,
cut
lengthwise.		 Average
weight
required
to be borne
by 3 strips
separately,
cut
crosswise.		 Average
weight
required
to be borne
by 3 strips
separately,
cut
lengthwise.
  Yards. lbs. oz. Inches. Inches. Number. Inches. Inches. Inches. Inches. lbs. lbs.
Flax Canvas, No. 1, 40 42 . 20 1 ³⁄₄ 6 1   20 1   24 470 316
Flax Canvas, No. 2, 40 38 . 20 1 ³⁄₄ 6 1   20 1   24 420 280
Flax Canvas, No. 3, 40 35 . 20 1 ⁵⁄₈ 6 1   20 1   24 370 250
Flax Canvas, No. 4, 40 32 . 20 1 ⁵⁄₈ 6 1   20 1   24 340 230
Flax Canvas, No. 5, 40 29 . 20 1 ⁵⁄₈ 6 1   20 1   24 320 216
Flax Canvas, No. 6, 40 26 . 20 1 ⁵⁄₈ 6 1   20 1   24 300 200
Flax Canvas, No. 7, 40 23 . 20 1 ¹⁄₄ 6 1   20 1   24 280 193
Flax Canvas, No. 8, 40 20 . 20 1 ¹⁄₄ 6 1 ¹⁄₄ 20 1 ¹⁄₄ 24 300 213
Flax Canvas, No. 9, 40 18 .6 20 1 ¹⁄₄ 6 1 ¹⁄₄ 20 1 ¹⁄₄ 24 298 210
                       
Cotton Canvas, No. 1, 50 42 . 20 1 ⁷⁄₈     - Used for the purpose of making Tarpaulins, &c.
Cotton Canvas, No. 2, 50 42 . 20 1 ⁷⁄₈
           
Cotton Canvas, No. 3, 50 40 . 20 1 ⁵⁄₈     - Used for Hammock-cloths, Awnings, Boom-covers, &c.
Cotton Canvas, No. 4, 50 38 . 20 1 ⁵⁄₈
           
Cotton Canvas, No. 5, 50 36 . 20 1 ³⁄₈     - Used for making Studding-sail and Fore and Aft Sail Covers, &c.
Cotton Canvas, No. 6, 50 34 . 20 1 ³⁄₈
           
Cotton Canvas, No. 7, 50 32 . 20 1 ¹⁄₈     - Used for Boats’ Awnings, Awning Curtains, &c.
Cotton Canvas, No. 8, 50 30 . 20 1 ¹⁄₈
           
Cotton Canvas, No. 9, 50 28 . 20   ⁷⁄₈     - Used for Gigs’ Sails, Side-screens, &c.
Cotton Canvas, No. 10, 50 26 . 20   ⁷⁄₈
           
Hammock and Bag Stuff, No. 1, 50 105 . 42 1 ⁵⁄₈   Used for making Hammocks.
Hammock and Bag Stuff, No. 4, 50 75 . 42 1 ⁵⁄₈   Used for making Clothes-bags.

Note.—There is no test required for strength for Cotton Canvass, it not being used for making sails in the Navy.

507.—Cordage Table, showing the Weight of one Fathom Rope, from 1 inch to 24 inches inclusive, plain laid 3-strand, such as used for running rigging, &c.

Size Rope.   lbs.oz.
1   inch weighs   .3³⁄₄
1 ¹⁄₄ „ „   .5³⁄₄
1 ¹⁄₂ „ „   .8¹⁄₄
1 ³⁄₄ „ „   .11¹⁄₄
2   „ „   .14³⁄₄
2 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 1 .2²⁄₃
2 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 1 .7
2 ³⁄₄ „ „ 1 .11⁷⁄₈
3   „ „ 2 .1¹⁄₅
3 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 2 .7
3 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 2 .13¹⁄₅
3 ³⁄₄ „ „ 3 .2³⁄₈
4   „ „ 3 .11
4 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 4 .1³⁄₈
4 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 4 .10²⁄₃
4 ³⁄₄ „ „ 5 .3³⁄₈
5   „ „ 5 .12¹⁄₄
5 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 6 .5²⁄₃
5 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 7 .
5 ³⁄₄ „ „ 7 .9⁷⁄₈
6   „ „ 8 .4³⁄₄
6 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 9 .
6 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 9 .11³⁄₄
6 ³⁄₄ „ „ 10 .8
7   „ „ 11 .4²⁄₃
7 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 12 .2
7 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 13 .0³⁄₈
7 ³⁄₄ „ „ 13 .13²⁄₃
8   „ „ 14 .12¹⁄₃
8 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 15 .11¹⁄₂
8 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 16 .10¹⁄₂
8 ³⁄₄ „ „ 17 .10¹⁄₂
9   „ „ 18 .10²⁄₃
9 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 19 .11³⁄₈
9 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 20 .13³⁄₈
9 ³⁄₄ „ „ 21 .14²⁄₃
10   „ „ 23 .1¹⁄₂
10 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 24 .3¹⁄₂
10 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 25 .7
10 ³⁄₄ „ „ 26 .11³⁄₈
11   „ „ 27 .14¹⁄₂
11 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 29 .1¹⁄₄
11 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 30 .9
11 ³⁄₄ „ „ 31 .14
12   „ „ 33 .3
12 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 34 .9¹⁄₂
12 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 36 .
12 ³⁄₄ „ „ 37 .8
13   „ „ 38 .15
13 ¹⁄₄ „ „ 40 .8¹⁄₄
13 ¹⁄₂ „ „ 42 .
13 ³⁄₄ „ „ 43 .9¹⁄₄
14   „ „ 45 .4³⁄₄
15   „ „ 52 .0¹⁄₃
16   „ „ 59 .5
17   „ „ 66 .10
18   „ „ 74 .10
19   „ „ 83 .2
20   „ „ 92 .11
21   „ „ 102 .1
22   „ „ 112 .
23   „ „ 122 .3
24   „ „ 134 .6

Rule to find the weight of any sized Rope.—A rope of 1 inch circumference requires 486 fathoms to make one hundred weight. The superficial part of all circles being in proportion to the square of their diameters, consequently the square of their circumference. Therefore, a rope of 1 inch in circumference, whose square is one, has 486 fathoms to a cwt.; and, therefore, 486 being divided by the square of the circumference of any rope, the quotient will give the number of fathoms. For instance,

9×9=81)486(6. The number of fathoms in a cwt.
9×9=81)486

Rule to find the weight of 120 fathoms of any sized Cable.—Multiply the circumference by the circumference, and divide the product by 4, and the quotient will be the number of cwts. in 120 fathoms.

508.—A Table showing the Length of the First Warp of Standing Rigging.

Number of Guns. Fore. Main. Mizen.
Shrouds. T.M.
Shrouds.		 T.M.
Backstay.		 T.G.
Shrouds.		 T.G.
Backstay.		 Shrouds. T.M.
Shrouds.		 T.M.
Backstay.		 T.G.
Shrouds.		 T.G.
Backstay.		 Shrouds. T.M.
Shrouds.		 T.M.
Backstay.		 T.G.
Shrouds.		 T.G.
Backstay.
  Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In.
SHIPS OF THE LINE.                              
One hundred 62.0 55.6 116.0 82.0  140.0 71.0 60.0 128.0 88.0 150.0 55.0 43.0 95.0 63.0 114.0
Ninety-eight 61.0 52.0 109.0 76.0  132.0 68.0 58.0 122.0 85.0 148.9 51.0 41.0 88.0 59.0 106.0
Eighty 55.0 50.0 105.0 73.10 126.0 62.0 56.0 114.0 82.0 139.0 48.0 40.0 82.0 57.0 105.0
Eighty 66.0 60.0 123.0 86.0  150.0 69.0 65.0 132.0 95.6 160.6 59.6 42.0 96.0 60.0 117.0
Seventy-four 65.0 55.6 118.0 80.0  143.0 74.0 59.0 129.0 87.0 158.0 60.0 42.0 97.0 60.0 117.0
FRIGATES.                              
Sixty-four 55.0 47.0 101.0 70.0  127.0 61.0 52.0 113.0 76.0 137.0 50.0 38.0 85.6 54.0  99.0
Fifty 50.0 44.6  93.0 64.0  114.0 57.0 48.0 102.0 73.0 126.0 45.0 36.0 78.0 48.0  93.0
Forty-four 46.0 41.0  89.0 60.0  108.0 54.0 46.6 100.0 69.0 123.0 43.0 36.0 78.0 48.0  87.0
Thirty-eight 54.0 40.6  92.0 62.0  109.0 58.0 46.3 102.3 68.0 123.0 50.0 36.0 78.3 47.0  95.0
Thirty-six 53.0 42.0  93.0 62.0  110.0 60.0 49.6 102.0 72.0 126.0 47.0 37.6 79.6 55.0  96.0
Thirty-two 48.0 39.0  85.6 58.0  104.0 55.0 45.0  96.9 66.0 118.0 46.6 34.6 75.0 47.6  93.0
Twenty-eight 45.0 38.0  82.6 56.0  100.0 52.9 43.0  92.0 63.0 122.0 44.6 32.0 72.0 45.0  90.0
SLOOPS.                              
Twenty-four 42.0 36.0  78.0 53.0   96.0 47.0 39.6  86.0 60.0 105.0 43.0 30.0 69.0 42.0  87.0
Twenty 40.0 35.0  75.0 51.0   89.0 45.0 38.6  81.0 57.0  98.0 40.0 27.0 66.0 39.0  81.0
Sixteen 38.0 30.0  66.0 44.0   80.0 42.0 33.6  72.0 49.0  87.6 35.6 24.0 57.0    
BRIGS.                              
Ten 31.6 26.6  56.6 42.0   72.0 37.6 29.6  66.0 45.0  84.0          

509.—A Table of Foreign Ordnance.

Pounders. Long Guns. Iron. Brass. French. Spanish. Dutch. Portuguese. Russian.
Calibre. Diameter
of
Shot.		 Weight
of
Lead.		 Length. Weight. Length. Weight. Diameter
of
Shot.		 Weight
of
Shot.		 Diameter. Weight. Diameter. Weight. Diameter. Weight. Diameter. Weight.
Sixty-eight Pounder 8 .0080 7 .848 103 .2                            
Forty-two Pounder 6 .8208 6 .6844 63 .88 9 .6 67 .0 .0 16 .6 66 .0 .0 — — — — — — 7 .49 59 .09 6 .86 45 .4
Thirty-two Pounder 6 .2297 6 .1051 48 .65 9 .6 55 .0 .0 10 .0 55 .2 .0 6 .3496 36 . 6 .84 45 . 6 .4 36 .87 6 .8 35 .12 6 .47 38 .08
Twenty-four Pounder 5 .6601 5 .5469 36 .44 9 .0 47 .2 .0 9 .6 53 .0 .9 5 .808 27 .55 6 .03 30 .84 5 .92 29 .18 5 .93 29 .32 6 . 30 .38
Eighteen Pounder 5 .1425 5 .0397 27 .43 9 .0 40 .0 .0 5 .9 18 .0 .0 5 .074 18 .37 5 .52 23 .65 5 .45 22 .77 5 .4 22 .14 5 .45 22 .77
Twelve Pounder 4 .4924 4 .4026 18 .25 9 .0 32 .0 .0 9 .0 31 .2 .8 4 .61 13 .78 4 .8 15 .55 4 .76 15 .16 4 .7 14 .6 4 .76 15 .16
Nine Pounder 4 .0816 4 . 13 .71 7 .0 23 .0 .0 6 .6 18 .0 .0 4 .027 9 .18 4 .2 10 .42 4 .13 9 .9 4 .3 11 .18 4 .17 10 .20
Six Pounder 3 .5656 3 .4943 9 .109 8 .0 22 .0 .0 6 .0 8 .3 .27 — — — — 3 .78 7 .6 3 .75 7 .42 3 .78 7 .60
Nondescript — — — 6 .0 16 .2 .0                        
Four Pounder 3 .1149 3 .0526 6 .08 6 .0 22 .1 .0 — — 3 .196 4 .59                
Three Pounder 2 .8301 2 .7734 4 .552 4 .6 7 .1 .0 3 .6 2 .2 .27                    
Two Pounder 2 .4723 2 .4228 3 .037 — — — 3 .1 .0                    
One Pounder 1 .9622 1 .923 1 .517                            
MORTARS.                                  
      Filled.                            
Thirteen Inches 13 . 12 .783 349 .19 5 .3 82 .1 .0 5 .3 82 .0 .8     - Non- des- cript. — — — — — —
Land-piece 13 . 12 .783 349 .19 3 .7¹⁄₂ 36 .2 .12 3 .7¹⁄₂ 25 .0 .10
Ten Inches 10 . 9 .833 158 .958 4 .8 41 .0 .0 4 .8 33 .0 .0
Land-piece  — — — 2 .9 16 .0 .6 2 .9 10 .1 .25
Eight Inches 8 . 7 .867 81 .407 2 .1³⁄₄ 8 .0 .10 2 .1³⁄₄ 4 .1 .8
Six and a-half Inches 5 .8 5 .703 31 .009