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The kedge-anchor

Chapter 562: 518.—A Table showing the Dimensions of Materials, used in constructing Tops, Trestle-trees, Cross-trees, and Caps, U. S. N.
By William N. Brady
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About This Book

A practical manual offering step-by-step instructions and numerous engravings on knotting, splicing, rigging, blocks, purchases, running rigging, and other essential seamanship tasks, together with tables of spars, sails, block sizes, cordage, and cable specifications for different classes of vessels. Organized into sections that catalog individual knots, splices, fittings, and small-boat evolutions, it focuses on hands-on technique, materials, and measurements to instruct novice seamen and to serve as a concise reference for more experienced officers and merchant mariners.

A Cordage Table of Feet and Fathoms.

Feet. Fath. Feet. Fath. Feet. Fath. Feet. Fath. Feet. Fath. Feet. Fath. Feet. Fath.
 30 5 0 155 25 5 280 46 4 405 67 3 530 88 2 655 109 1 780 130 0
 35 5 5 160 26 4 285 47 3 410 68 2 535 89 1 660 110 0 785 130 5
 40 6 4 165 27 3 290 48 2 415 69 1 540 90 0 665 110 5 790 131 4
 45 7 3 170 28 2 295 49 1 420 70 0 545 90 5 670 111 4 795 132 3
 50 8 2 175 29 1 300 50 0 425 70 5 550 91 4 675 112 3 800 133 2
 55 9 1 180 30 0 305 50 5 430 71 4 555 92 3 680 113 2 805 134 1
 60 10 0 185 30 5 310 51 4 435 72 3 560 93 2 685 114 1 810 135 0
 65 10 5 190 31 4 315 52 3 440 73 2 565 94 1 690 115 0 815 135 5
 70 11 4 195 32 3 320 53 2 445 74 1 570 95 0 695 115 5 820 136 4
 75 12 3 200 33 2 325 54 1 450 75 0 575 95 5 700 116 4 825 137 3
 80 13 2 205 34 1 330 55 0 455 75 5 580 96 4 705 117 3 830 138 2
 85 14 1 210 35 0 335 55 5 460 76 4 585 97 3 710 118 2 835 139 1
 90 15 0 215 35 5 340 56 4 465 77 3 590 98 2 715 119 1 840 140 0
 95 15 5 220 36 4 345 57 3 470 78 2 595 99 1 720 120 0 845 140 5
100 16 4 225 37 3 350 58 2 475 79 1 600 100 0 725 120 5 850 141 4
105 17 3 230 38 2 355 59 1 480 80 0 605 100 5 730 121 4 855 142 3
110 18 2 235 39 1 360 60 0 485 80 5 610 101 4 735 122 3 860 143 2
115 19 1 240 40 0 365 60 5 490 81 4 615 102 3 740 123 2 865 144 1
120 20 0 245 40 5 370 61 4 495 82 3 620 103 2 745 124 1 870 145 0
125 20 5 250 41 4 375 62 3 500 83 2 625 104 1 750 125 0 875 145 5
130 21 4 255 42 3 380 63 2 505 84 1 630 105 0 755 125 5 880 146 4
135 22 3 260 43 2 385 64 1 510 85 0 635 105 5 760 126 4 885 147 3
140 23 2 265 44 1 390 65 0 515 85 5 640 106 4 765 127 3 890 148 2
145 24 1 270 45 0 395 65 5 520 86 4 645 107 3 770 128 2 895 149 1
150 25 0 275 45 5 400 66 4 525 87 3 650 108 2 775 129 1 900 150 0

Weight of Cables of 120 fathoms from 3 to 25 inches.

Three inch cable weighs 252 pounds; 3¹⁄₂ inch, 336 pounds; 4, 448; 4¹⁄₂, 560; 5, 700; 5¹⁄₂, 840; 6, 1008; 6¹⁄₂, 1176; 7, 1340; 7¹⁄₂, 1568; 8, 1792; 8¹⁄₂, 2016; 9, 2268; 9¹⁄₂, 2520; 10, 2800; 10¹⁄₂, 3080; 11, 3388; 11¹⁄₂, 3696; 12, 4032; 12¹⁄₂, 4368; 13, 4732; 13¹⁄₂, 5056; 14, 5480; 14¹⁄₂, 5880; 15, 6328; 15¹⁄₂, 6720; 16, 7168; 16¹⁄₂, 7616; 17, 8092; 17¹⁄₂, 8568; 18, 9072; 18¹⁄₂, 9520; 19, 10108; 19¹⁄₂, 10640; 20, 11200; 20¹⁄₂, 11760; 21, 12348; 21¹⁄₂, 12936; 22, 13452; 22¹⁄₂, 14168; 23, 14840; 23¹⁄₂, 15456; 24, 16128; 25, 17500.

518.—A Table showing the Dimensions of Materials, used in constructing Tops, Trestle-trees, Cross-trees, and Caps, U. S. N.

Dimensions
of Tops.		 Ships of the Line. Frigates. Sloops. Brigs.
FORE AND
MAIN TOP.		 MIZEN TOP. FORE AND
MAIN TOP.		 MIZEN TOP. FORE AND
MAIN TOP.		 MIZEN TOP. FORE AND
MAIN TOP.
Breadth,
Inches.		 Thick-
ness,
Inches.		 Tapered
to
Inches.		 Breadth,
Inches.		 Thick-
ness,
Inches.		 Tapered
to
Inches.		 Breadth,
Inches.		 Thick-
ness,
Inches.		 Tapered
to
Inches.		 Breadth,
Inches.		 Thick-
ness,
Inches.		 Tapered
to
Inches.		 Breadth,
Inches.		 Thick-
ness,
Inches.		 Tapered
to
Inches.		 Breadth,
Inches.		 Thick-
ness,
Inches.		 Tapered
to
Inches.		 Breadth,
Inches.		 Thick-
ness,
Inches.		 Tapered
to
Inches.
Plank in two thicknesses (if White Pine) — 1 ¹⁄₂ — — 1 ¹⁄₅ — — 1 ¹⁄₄ — — 1   — — 1   — —   ⁷⁄₈ — —   ⁷⁄₈ —
Plank in two thicknesses (if Yellow Pine) — 1 ¹⁄₄ — — 1   — — 1 ¹⁄₈ — —   ⁷⁄₈ — —   ⁷⁄₈ — —   ³⁄₄ — —   ³⁄₄ —
Rim of White Oak 13   2 ¹⁄₂ — 10   1 ³⁄₄ — 11   2   — 8   1 ¹⁄₄ — 9   1 ¹⁄₂ — 6   1   — 7   1 ¹⁄₄ —
Lubber-board of White Oak 9   3   — 8   2 ¹⁄₂ — 8   2 ³⁄₄ — 7   1 ³⁄₄ — 7   2   — 5   1 ¹⁄₄ — 6   1 ³⁄₄ —
Battons of White Oak 3 ¹⁄₂ 3 ¹⁄₂ 2 ¹⁄₂ 3   2 ³⁄₄ 2   3   3   2   2 ¹⁄₂ 2 ¹⁄₂ 1 ¹⁄₂ 2 ¹⁄₂ 2 ¹⁄₂ 1 ¹⁄₂ 2   2   1 ¹⁄₄ 2   2   1 ¹⁄₄
Iron Plates 5     ¹⁄₂ — 4 ¹⁄₂   ⁷⁄₁₆ — 4 ¹⁄₂   ⁷⁄₁₆ — 4     ³⁄₈ — 4     ³⁄₈ — 3 ¹⁄₂   ⁵⁄₁₆ — 3 ¹⁄₂   ⁵⁄₁₆ —
Upper Cross-trees — 6 ¹⁄₄ 4   — 5   3 ¹⁄₂ — 5 ¹⁄₂ 3 ¹⁄₂ — 4   3   — 4 ¹⁄₂ 3   — 3 ¹⁄₂ 2 ¹⁄₂ — 4   2 ¹⁄₂

Note.—The Breadth of Upper Cross-trees, same as lower.

Note.—These Cross-trees to be fayed down over the Battons, and secured to the Lower Cross-trees by bolts at each end, and by four Staples and Toggles, so that they may be readily removed when it is necessary to lift the top. The Strap and Eye-bolts for the lower lifts to be placed on the caps, abreast of the middle of the Top-mast hole.

PROPORTIONS FOR TOPS, TRESTLE-TREES, CROSS-TREES AND CAPS.

Main Top.— Breadth. One-half the moulded breadth of beam.
Fore Top.— Nine-tenths of Main Top.
Mizen Top.— Four-fifths of Fore Top.

All Tops must be in length two-thirds of their breadth, and must be made light, with upper Cross-trees upon the Top over the lower ones, fayed down on the Battons and keyed together.

Lower Trestle-trees.— Length. The length of their respective Tops.
Depth. Three-fifths of their respective masts at the partners.
Breadth or Thickness. One-half their depth.
Lower Cross-trees.— Length. Breadth of their respective Tops.
Breadth. Breadth of their respective Trestle-trees.
Depth or Thickness. Two-thirds of their breadth.
Topmast Trestle-trees.— Length. To be governed by the Cross-trees and Chocks.
Breadth. Seven-twelfths of Lower Trestle-trees of their respective masts.
Depth. Seven-twelfths of Lower Trestle-trees of their respective masts.
Topmast Cross-trees.— Length after Horn. Four-sixths of the Lower After Cross-trees of their respective masts.
Length forward Horn. Five-sixths of after one.
Breadth. Breadth of their respective Trestle-trees.
Depth or Thickness. Four-fifths of Breadth. The Horns to sweep nine inches in sixteen feet.
Bowsprit Cap.— Length. Four times the diameter of the Jib-boom.
Breadth. One diameter and a-half of the Jib-boom.
Thickness. One-half the Breadth.
Lower Cap.— Length. Four times the diameter of the Top-mast.
Breadth. One diameter and four-sixths of the Top-mast.
Thickness. One-half the Breadth.
Topmast Cap.— Length. To be governed by the Cross-trees, Chocks, and Masts.
Breadth. One diameter and four-sixteenths of the Top-gallant Mast.
Thickness. One-half the Breadth.

519.—A Table showing the Complement and Quality of Boats allowed to each Class of Vessels, U. S. N.

Names
of
Boats.		 Ships of the Line. Razees. Frigates. Sloops.
THREE DECKS. TWO DECKS. First Class. Second Class. First Class.
First Class. Second Class.
Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth.
  Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In.
1st Launch 40 . 4 .6 10 .8 38 . 4 .5 10 .1 36 . 4 .4 9 .7 36 . 4 .4 10 .1 34 . 4 .2 9 .6 32 . 4 . 9 . 30 . 3 .10 8 .5
2d Launch 40 . 4 .6 10 .8 38 . 4 .5 10 .1 36 . 4 .4 9 .7 33 . 4 . 9 . 31 . 3 .10 8 .5 29 . 3 .7 7 .10 — — —
1st Cutter 36 . 3 .6 9 .6 34 . 3 .5 9 . 33 . 3 .2 8 .9 30 . 3 . 7 .11 28 . 2 .10 7 .5 26 .6 2 .8 7 . 27 .6 2 .10 7 .5
2d Cutter 36 . 3 .6 9 .6 34 . 3 .5 9 . 33 . 3 .2 8 .9 27 .6 2 .9 7 .2 25 .6 2 .7 6 .8 24 . 2 .4 6 .3 25 . 2 .6 6 .8
3d Cutter 33 . 3 .2 8 .5 28 . 2 .6 7 . 28 . 2 .6 7 . 27 . 2 .6 6 .9 27 . 2 .6 6 .9 — — — 26 . 2 .4 6 .6
4th Cutter 33 . 3 .2 8 .5 28 . 2 .6 7 . 28 . 2 .6 7 . — — — — — — — — — 26 . 2 .4 6 .6
5th Cutter 30 . 2 .7 7 .6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 25 . 2 .3 6 .
6th Cutter 30 . 2 .7 7 .6                                    
1st Whale-boat 30 . 2 .9 7 .8 29 . 2 .8 7 .5 29 . 2 .8 7 .5 28 . 2 .5 7 .2 28 . 2 .5 7 .2 28 . 2 .5 7 .2      
2d Whale-boat 30 . 2 .9 7 .8 29 . 2 .8 7 .5 29 . 2 .8 7 .5                        
Barge 38 . 2 .8 7 .2 35 .6 2 .7 6 .9 34 . 2 .6 6 .6 34 . 2 .6 6 .6 28 . 2 .4 6 . 28 . 2 .4 6 .      
Gig 38 . 2 . 5 .6 36 . 1 .11 5 .4 34 . 1 .10 5 .2 34 . 1 .10 5 .2 28 . 1 .8 5 . 28 . 1 .8 5 .      

All boat’s bottoms are to be boarded with cypress and to be copper-fastened; their stem and stern plates are also to be made of copper.

Gigs, Barges, Waist and Quarter-boats are to have copper knees.

Launches, First and Second Cutters, for three-deck ships, are to be fitted without knees; the clamps are to be made sufficiently strong for the athwart bolts to pass through them and forelock; the ends of the athwarts are to be fitted with iron plates.

Launches and First Cutters for Ships of the Line of two decks, Razees, Frigates, and first-class Sloops of War, and Launches for second and third class Sloops, Steamers, Brigs and Brigantines, are to be fitted as the Launches for three-deck ships.

All Launches are to be coppered.

Barges, Gigs, Whale-boats and Cutters are to be fitted with composition row-locks.

Schooners’ Launches will be of the size allowed to Brigs, when the breadth of beam and deck arrangements will permit.

A Table showing the Complement and Quality of Boats allowed to each Class of Vessels, U. S. N.—Conc’d

Names
of
Boats.		 Sloops. Brigs. Brigantines. Schooners. Steamers.
Second Class. Third Class. First Class. Second Class.
Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth. Length. Depth. Breadth.
  Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In. Ft.In.
1st Launch 29 .  3 .8 8 .3 26 .  3 .4 7 .4 24 .  3 .  6 .10 24 .  3 .  6 .10 — — — 34 .  4 .1 9 .6 30 .  3 .10 8 .5
2d Launch — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 31 .  3 .10 8 .5      
1st Cutter 26 .6 2 .9 7 .2 24 .  2 .8 6 .6 22 .  2 .6 6 .  22 .  2 .6 6 .  22 .  2 .6 6 .  30 .  2 .7 7 .6 27 .6 2 .10 7 .5
2d Cutter 26 .  2 .4 6 .6 25 .  2 .3 6 .  22 .  2 .2 5 .6 22 .  2 .1 5 .6 22 .  1 .11 5 .3 27 .  2 .6 6 .9 26 .  2 .4 6 .3
3d Cutter 26 .  2 .4 6 .6 25 .  2 .3 6 .  22 .  2 .2 5 .6 22 .  2 .1 5 .6 22 .  1 .11 5 .3 27 .  2 .6 6 .9 26 .  2 .4 6 .3
4th Cutter 25 .  2 .2 6 .  24 .  2 .2 5 .10 — — — — — — — — — — — — 25 .  2 .3 6 . 
1st Whale-boat — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 29 .  2 .8 7 .5      
Gig — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 32 .  1 .9 5 .1      

Second class Steamers’ Launches and First Cutters will be of the size allowed to second class Sloops of War, when these will stow to better advantage than those designated.

In fitting the dead wood and aprons of boats that stow in nests, boat-builders will see that no unnecessary wood is used about them, and that the keels are reduced forward and aft, to make the bottom of keel convex, so that the boats may be stowed as low as possible.

All boats are to have two ring-bolts through their stem and stern posts; the lower bolts to be from nine to twelve inches below the upper ones, with an oblong ring to be of the same height as the upper ones when they are both turned up; and all Launches are to be fitted with a ring-bolt one-fifth from each end, and another amid-ships down through the keel, to be well clinched on the outside.

Rollers forward and aft in all First Launches, are to be of length sufficient to take the chain of their respective ships; the rollers of Second Launches are to be five inches in length.

The timbers of Second Launches are to be one-third larger than those of First Cutters of the old class, and the rest of the materials are to be in like proportion to make a light Launch.

All Launches are to be fitted with wells and self-fleeting windlasses amid-ships, for weighing anchors.

All Whale-boats are to be lap-streaked, or clinker-built.