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The language of flowers

Chapter 104: Pine.... Pity.
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About This Book

This compendium presents the symbolic vocabulary attributed to many flowers, offering an alphabetical dictionary of floral meanings alongside a calendar and dial that link blossoms to seasons and hours. Individual entries pair concise definitions with short poems, literary quotations, and practical notes for arranging floral offerings. A prefatory essay reflects on the cultural roots and emotional uses of floral symbolism. Coloured illustrations and organized lists help readers choose blooms to express particular sentiments, occasions, or decorative intentions.

Time past and time to come are not—
Time present is our only lot;
O God, henceforth our hearts incline
To seek no other love than thine!
Montgomery.
Then haste thee, Time—’tis kindness all
That speeds thy winged feet so fast;
Thy pleasures stay not till they pall,
And all thy pains are quickly past.
Bryant.
Time hath, my lord, a wallet at his back,
Wherein he puts alms for oblivion,
A great-sized monster of ingratitudes:
Those scraps are good deeds past: which are devoured
As fast as they are made, forgotten as soon
As done.
Shakspeare.
As through a valley remote I strayed,
Methought, beside a mouldering temple’s stone,
The tale of whose dark structure was unknown,
I saw the form of Time: his scythe’s huge blade
Lay swathed in the grass, whose gleam was seen
Fearful, as oft the wind, the tussocks green
Moved stirring to and fro: the beam of morn
Cast a dim lustre on his look forlorn;
When touching a responsive instrument,
Stern o’er the chords his furrowed brow he bent:
Meantime a naked boy, with aspect sweet,
Played smiling with the hour-glass at his feet!
Apart from these, and in a verdant glade,
A sleeping infant on the moss was laid,
O’er which a female form her vigils kept,
And watched it, softly-breathing as it slept.
Then I drew nigh, and to my listening ear
Came, stealing soft and slow, this ditty clear:
“Lullaby, sing lullaby,—
Sweetest babe, in safety lie;
I thy mother sit and sing,
Nor hear of Time the hurrying wing.
Here, where innocence reposes,
Fairy sylphs, your sports delay;
Then the breath of morning roses
From its bed of bliss convey.
Lullaby, sing lullaby,—
Sweetest babe, in safety lie;
I thy mother sit and sing,
Nor hear of Time the hurrying wing.”
Bowles.
Relentless Time! that steals with silent tread,
Shall tear away the trophies of the dead.
Fame, on the pyramid’s aspiring top,
With sighs shall her recording trumpet drop;
The feeble characters of Glory’s hand
Shall perish, like the tracks upon the sand;
But not with these expire the sacred flame
Of virtue, or the good man’s awful name.
Bowles.
O Time! who know’st a lenient hand to lay
Softest on sorrow’s wound, and slowly thence
(Lulling to sad repose the weary sense)
The faint pang stealest unperceived away;
On thee I rest my only hope at last,
And think, when thou hast dried the bitter tear
That flows in vain o’er all my soul held dear,
I may look back on every sorrow past,
And meet life’s peaceful evening with a smile—
As some lone bird, at day’s departing hour,
Sings in the sunbeam, of the transient shower
Forgetful, though its wings are wet the while:—
Yet ah! how much must that poor heart endure,
Which hopes from thee, and thee alone, a cure!
Bowles.

Common Thistle.... Misanthropy.

Who would seek or prize
Delights that end in aching?
Who would trust to ties
That every hour are breaking?
Better far to be
In utter darkness lying,
Than be blest with light, and see
That light for ever flying.
All that’s bright must fade,—
The brightest still the fleetest,
All that’s sweet was made
But to be lost when sweetest!
Moore.
I had much rather see
A crested dragon or a basilisk,
Both are less poison to my eyes and nature.
Dryden.
I am Misanthropos, and hate mankind:
For thy part, I do wish thou wert a dog,
That I might love thee something.
Shakspeare.
I’ll keep my way alone, and burn away—
Evil or good I care not, so I spread
Tremendous desolation on my road:
I’ll be remembered as huge meteors are;
From the dismay they scatter.
Proctor.
I see thou art implacable, more deaf
To prayers than winds and seas; yet winds and seas
Are reconciled at length, and sea to shore:
Thy anger, unappeasable, still rages
Eternal tempest never to be calm.
Milton.
Warped by the world in disappointment’s school.
In words too wise, in conduct there a fool;
Too firm to yield, and far too proud to stoop,
Doomed by his very virtues for a dupe,
He cursed those virtues as the cause of ill,
And not the traitors who betrayed him still;
Nor deemed that gifts bestowed on better men,
Had left him joy, and means to give again.
Feared, shunned, belied, ere youth had lost her force,
He hated men too much to feel remorse,
And thought the voice of wrath a sacred call,
To pay the injuries of some on all.
Byron.
He has outsoared the shadow of our night;
Envy and calumny, and hate and pain,
And that unrest which men miscall delight,
Can touch him not and torture not again;
From the contagion of the world’s slow stain
He is secure, and now can never mourn
A heart grown cold, a head grown gray in vain;
Nor, when the spirit’s self has ceased to burn,
With sparkless ashes load an unlamented urn.
Shelley.
They too, who mid the scornful thoughts that dwell
In his rich fancy, tinging all its streams,
As if the Star of Bitterness which fell
On earth of old, and touched them with its beams,
Can track a spirit, which, though driven to hate,
From Nature’s hands came kind, affectionate;
And which, even now, struck as it is with blight,
Comes out, at times, in love’s own native light—
How gladly all, who’ve watched these struggling rays
Of a bright, ruined spirit through his lays,
Would here inquire, as from his own frank lips,
What desolating grief, what wrongs had driven
That noble nature into cold eclipse—
Like some fair orb, that, once a sun in heaven,
And born, not only to surprise, but cheer
With warmth and lustre all within its sphere,
Is now so quenched, that, of its grandeur, lasts
Naught but the wide cold shadow which it casts!
Moore.

Dew Plant.... Serenade.

Listen! from the forest boughs
The voice-like angel of the spring
Utters his soft vows
To the proud rose blossoming.
And now beneath thy lattice dear!
I am like the bird complaining:
Thou above (I fear)
Like the rose disdaining.
From her chamber in the skies
Shouts the lark at break of morning,
And when day-light flies
Comes the raven’s warning.
This of gloom and that of mirth
In their mystic numbers tell;
But thoughts of sweeter birth
Teacheth the nightingale.
Barry Cornwall.

Pine.... Pity.

Naught is there under Heaven’s wide hollowness
That moves more dear compassion of the mind
Than beauty brought to unworthy wretchedness
Through envy’s snares, or fortune’s freaks unkind:
I, whether lately through her brightness blind,
Or through allegiance and vast fealty,
Which I do owe unto all womankind,
Feel my heart pierced with so great agony,
When such I see, that all for pity I could die.
Spenser.
Like Ariadne, when in pale despair
The Athenian left her,—so sad Eva pined,
And so she went complaining to the air,
And gave her tresses to the careless wind:—
The colour of her fate was on her mind,
Dark, death-like, and despairing;—and her eye
Shone lustrous, like the light of prophecy.
Over the grassy meads,—beside lone streams,
To perilous heights which no weak step could reach,
She wandered, feeding her unearthly dreams
With musing, and would move the tremulous beech
And shuddering aspen with imploring speech;
For nothing that did live, save they (who sighed)
Pitied the downfall of her amorous pride.
Barry Cornwall.

NARCISSUS, SCARLET, GERANIUM, MARIGOLD.
Your self-love and stupidity excite my pity.

Has Hope, like the bird in the story,
That flitted from tree to tree
With the talisman’s glittering glory—
Has Hope been that bird to thee?
On branch after branch alighting,
The gem did she still display,
And, when nearest and most inviting,
Then waft the fair gem away!
If thus the sweet hours have fleeted,
When Sorrow herself looked bright;
If thus the fond hope has cheated,
That led thee along so light;
If thus, too, the cold world wither
Each feeling that once was dear;—
Come, child of misfortune! come hither,
I’ll weep with thee, tear for tear.
Moore.
The blind man groping cautiously his way
Along the crowded pavement of a city,
Has natural claims upon our tender pity.
Whether ’twere night, or whether it were day,
Would seem to make small difference to him
Whose days and nights alike are ever dim;
Yet still the tramp of human feet, and hum
Of human voices, sweetly fill his ear;
The surgings of the tides of life appear
Like the deep sounds that from the ocean come
At midnight to the listener. Pity’s glance
Upon his form instinctively we throw;
And while some sadness clouds our countenance,
To God we pray to save us from such wo.
MacKellar.
Come, chase that starting tear away,
Ere mine to meet it springs;
To-night, at least, to-night be gay,
Whatever to-morrow brings!
Like sunset gleams, that linger late
When all is darkening fast,
Are hours like these we snatch from Fate—
The brightest and the last.
Moore.
’Tis the last rose of summer,
Left blooming alone;
All her lovely companions
Are faded and gone;
No flower of her kindred,
No rose-bud is nigh,
To reflect back her blushes,
Or give sigh for sigh!
I’ll not leave thee, thou lone one,
To pine on the stem;
Since the lovely are sleeping,
Go, sleep thou with them.
Thus kindly I scatter
Thy leaves o’er the bed,
Where thy mates of the garden
Lie scentless and dead.
Moore.

Sage.... Domestic Virtues.

At length his lonely cot appears in view,
Beneath the shelter of an aged tree;
Th’ expectant wee things, todlin stacher through
To meet their dad, wi’ flichtering noise and glee;
His wee-bit ingle blinkin bonilie,
His clean hearth-stane, his thrifty wifie’s smile,
The lisping infant prattling on his knee,
Does a’ his weary kiaugh and care beguile,
And makes him quite forget his labour and his toil.
Burns.
Poor madam now condemned to hack
The rest of life with anxious Jack,
Perceiving others fairly flown,
Attempted pleasing him alone.
Jack soon was dazzled to behold
Her present face surpass the old:
With modesty her cheeks are dyed,
Humility displaces pride;
For tawdry finery is seen
A person ever neatly clean;
No more presuming on her sway,
She learns good nature every day;
Serenely gay, and strict in duty,
Jack finds his wife a perfect beauty.
Goldsmith.
Yes! let the rich deride, the proud disdain,
These simple blessings of the lowly train,
To me more dear, congenial to my heart,
One native charm, than all the gloss of art:
Spontaneous joys, where nature has its play,
The soul adopts, and owns their first-born sway;
Lightly they frolic o’er the vacant mind,
Unenvied, unmolested, unconfined.
But the long pomp, the midnight masquerade,
With all the freaks of wanton wealth arrayed,
In these, ere triflers half their wish obtain,
The toiling pleasure sickens into pain:
And e’en while fashion’s brightest arts decoy,
The heart distrusting asks, if this be joy?
Goldsmith.
The first sure symptoms of a mind in health,
Is rest of heart, and pleasure felt at home.
Young.
Nor need we power or splendour,—
Wide hall or lordly dome;
The good, the true, the tender,—
These form the wealth of home.
Mrs. Hale.
His warm but simple home, where he enjoys
With her who shares his pleasure and his heart,
Sweet converse.
Cowper.
Home is the sphere of harmony and peace,
The spot where angels find a resting-place,
When, bearing blessings, they descend to earth.
Mrs. Hale.
Home is the resort
Of love, of joy, of peace, and plenty, where,
Supporting and supported, polished friends
And dear relations mingle into bliss.
Thomson.
An angel always dwells beneath the roof
Where, in her virtue, a sweet wife fulfils
Her gentle duties; and unnumbered ills
From that love-guarded precinct keep aloof.
MacKellar.

Lichen.... Solitude.

How use doth breed a habit in a man!
The shadowy desert, unfrequented woods,
I better brook than flourishing peopled towns:
There can I sit alone, unseen of any,
And to the nightingale’s complaining notes
Tune my distresses, and record my woes.
Shakspeare.
No din
Invades the temple of their mind;—the mirth
And sighs of men are sounds to them unknown,
Though well they know the spirit’s inward groan;
And mortal agonies belong to them
As well as to their fellow men; for death
Hath passed on all who draw the vital breath,
And where sin is, there doth the law condemn.
Ah, hapless men! relentless Silence keeps
Her watchpost at the portals of the ear;
No heavenly word or sound approacheth near
And music’s melting influence in lasting stillness sleeps.
MacKellar.
There was a poet whose untimely tomb
No human hands with pious reverence reared,
But the charmed eddies of autumnal winds
Built o’er his mouldering bones a pyramid
Of mouldering leaves in the waste wilderness;
A lovely youth!—no mourning maiden decked
With weeping flowers, or votive cypress wreath,
The lone couch of his everlasting sleep:
Gentle and brave, and generous, no lorn bard
Breathed o’er his dark fate one melodious sigh:
He lived, he died, he sang, in solitude.
Strangers have wept to hear his passionate notes,
And virgins, as unknown he past, have sighed
And wasted for fond love of his wild eyes.
The fire of those soft orbs has ceased to burn,
And Silence, too, enamoured of that voice,
Locks its mute music in her rugged cell.
Shelley.
How blest the Solitary’s lot,
Who, all-forgetting, all-forgot,
Within his humble cell,
The cavern wild with tangling roots,
Sits o’er his newly-gathered fruits,
Beside his crystal well!
Or, haply, to his evening thought,
By unfrequented stream,
The ways of men are distant brought,
A faint collected dream:
While praising, and raising
His thoughts to heaven on high,
As wand’ring, meand’ring,
He views the solemn sky.
Than I, no lonely hermit placed
Where never human footstep traced,
Less fit to play the part;
The lucky moment to improve,
And just to stop, and just to move,
With self-respecting art:
But ah! those pleasures, loves, and joys
Which I too keenly taste,
The Solitary can despise,
Can want, and yet be blest!
He needs not, he heeds not,
Or human love or hate,
Whilst I here must cry here,
At perfidy ingrate!
Burns.

DEATH OF THE FLOWERS.

The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the year,
Of wailing winds, and naked woods, and meadows brown and sere.
Heaped in the hollow of the grove, the withered leaves lie dead;
They rustle to the eddying gust and to the rabbit’s tread.
The robin and the wren are flown, and from the shrub the jay,
And from the wood-top calls the crow, through all the gloomy day.
Where are the flowers, the young fair flowers, that lately sprang and stood,
In brighter light and softer airs, a beauteous sisterhood?
Alas! they all are in their graves; the gentle race of flowers
Are lying in their lonely beds, with the fair and good of ours.
The rain is falling where they lie: but the cold November rain
Calls not, from out the gloomy earth, the lovely ones again.
The wind-flower and the violet, they perished long ago,
And the wild-rose and the orchis died, amid the summer glow;

But on the hill the golden-rod, and the aster in the wood,
And the yellow sunflower by the brook, in autumn beauty stood,
Till fell the frost from the clear cold heaven, as falls the plague on men,
And the brightness of their smile was gone, from upland, glade, and glen.
And now, when comes the calm mild day, as still such days will come,
To call the squirrel and the bee from out their winter home;
When the sound of dropping nuts is heard, though all the trees are still,
And twinkle in the smoky light the waters of the rill,
The south wind searches for the flowers whose fragrance late he bore,
And sighs to find them in the wood and by the streams no more.
And then I think of one who in her youthful beauty died,
The fair meek blossom that grew up and faded by my side:
In the cold moist earth we laid her, when the forest cast the leaf,
And we wept that one so lovely should have a life so brief:
Yet not unmeet it was that one, like that young friend of ours,
So gentle and so beautiful, should perish with the flowers.
Bryant.

Dictionary of Flowers,

WITH THEIR EMBLEMATIC SIGNIFICATIONS.

AcaciaFriendship.
—— RoseElegance.
AcanthusThe Arts.
Achillea millefoliaWar.
Adonis, FlosPainful Recollections.
AgrimonyThankfulness.
Almond-treeIndiscretion.
AloeGrief.
AmaranthImmortality.
AmaryllisPride.
AnemoneForsaken.
——, FieldSickness.
AngelicaInspiration.
AngrecRoyalty.
Apple blossomPreference.
Ash treeGrandeur.
AsphodelMy Regrets follow you to the Grave.
Aster, ChinaVariety.
——After-thought.
Balm of GileadCure.
—— GentleJoking.
BalsamImpatience.
BarberrySourness of temper.
BasilHate.
BeechProsperity.
BilberryTreachery.
Bladder-nutFrivolous amusement.
BorageBluntness.
Box treeStoicism.
BrambleEnvy.
BroomHumility.
——Ardour.
Buck-beanCalm repose.
BuglossFalsehood.
BulrushIndiscretion.
BurdockTouch me not.
ButtercupIngratitude.
Cactus, VirginiaHorror.
Canterbury BellConstancy.
CatchflySnare.
ChampignonSuspicion.
Cherry treeGood education.
Chestnut treeDo me justice.
ChicoryFrugality.
CinquefoilBeloved daughter.
CircæaSpell.
ClematisArtifice.
Clot-burRudeness.
Clove treeDignity.
ColumbineFolly.
Convolvulus, NightNight.
CorianderHidden merit.
CornRiches.
CornbottleDelicacy.
Cornel Cherry treeDurability.
Cowslip, AmericanYou are my divinity.
CressResolution.
Crown ImperialPower.
CuscutaMeanness.
CypressMourning.
DaffodilSelf-love.
DaisyInnocence.
——, GardenI share your sentiments.
——, WildI will think of it.
DandelionThe rustic oracle.
Day-Lily, YellowCoquetry.
DittanyChildbirth.
Dock, PatiencePatience
DodderMeanness.
Ebony treeBlackness.
EglantinePoetry.
FennelStrength.
FigLongevity.
Fir treeElevation.
FlaxI feel your kindness.
Flower-de-LuceFlame.
Forget-Me-NotForget me not.
FraxinellaFire.
Fuller’s TeaselMisanthropy.
Geranium, Pencilled leafIngenuity.
——, Rose-scentedPreference.
——, ScarletStupidity.
——, SorrowfulMelancholy mind.
——, WildSteadfast piety.
GrassUtility.
HawthornHope.
HazelPeace, reconciliation.
Heart’s-easeThink of me.
HeathSolitude.
Heliotrope, PeruvianDevoted attachment.
HelleniumTears.
HepaticaConfidence.
HollyForesight.
HollyhockAmbition.
HoneysuckleGenerous and devoted affection.
HopInjustice.
HornbeamOrnament.
Horse-chestnutLuxury.
HortensiaYou are cold.
HyacinthGame, play.
Ice-plantYour looks freeze me.
IpomæaI attach myself to you.
IrisMessage.
IvyFriendship.
JasmineAmiableness.
——, CarolinaSeparation.
——, IndianI attach myself to you.
JonquilDesire.
JuniperProtection.
LarchBoldness.
LarkspurLightness.
LaurelGlory.
LaurustinusI die if neglected.
LavenderMistrust.
Leaves, DeadSadness, melancholy.
LilacFirst emotions of love.
——, WhiteYouth.
LilyMajesty.
Lily of the ValleyReturn of happiness.
Linden treeConjugal love.
LiverwortConfidence.
London PrideFrivolity.
LotusEloquence.
LucernLife.
MadderCalumny.
Maiden HairSecrecy.
MallowBeneficence.
Manchineel treeFalsehood.
MandrakeRarity.
MapleReserve.
MarigoldGrief.
——, PropheticPrediction.
—— and CypressDespair.
Marvel of PeruTimidity.
Meadow SaffronMy best days are past.
MezereonCoquetry.
——Desire to please.
MignonetteYour qualities surpass your charms.
MilkwortHermitage.
MistletoeI surmount all difficulties.
MoonwortForgetfulness.
MossMaternal Love.
Mulberry tree, BlackI shall not survive you.
——, WhiteWisdom.
Musk-plantWeakness.
MyrobolanPrivation.
MyrtleLove.
NarcissusSelf-love.
NettleCruelty.
Nightshade, Bitter-sweetTruth.
——, Enchanter’sSpell.
NosegayGallantry.
OakHospitality.
OlivePeace.
Ophrys, SpiderSkill.
Orange FlowerChastity.
—— treeGenerosity.
Orchis, BeeError.
ParsleyFestivity.
Passion FlowerFaith.
PeppermintWarmth of feeling.
PeriwinkleTender recollections.
Pine-appleYou are perfect.
PinkPure love.
——, YellowDisdain.
Plane treeGenius.
Plum treeKeep your promises.
——, WildIndependence.
Poplar, BlackCourage.
——, WhiteTime.
PoppyConsolation.
——Sleep.
——, WhiteMy bane, my antidote.
PotatoBeneficence.
PrimroseChildhood.
——, large-flowered EveningInconstancy.
PrivetProhibition.
QuinceTemptation.
RanunculusYou are radiant with charms.
ReedsMusic.
RoseLove.
——, Hundred-leavedGrace.
——, MonthlyBeauty ever new.
——, MuskCapricious beauty.
——, SingleSimplicity.
——, WhiteSilence.
——, WitheredFleeting beauty.
——, YellowInfidelity.
RosebudA young girl.
——, WhiteA heart unacquainted with love.
RosemaryYour presence revives me.
Rue, WildMorals.
RushDocility.
SaffronBeware of excess.
SageEsteem.
Sainfoil, ShakingAgitation.
St. John’s WortSuperstition.
SardoniaIrony.
Sensitive PlantChastity.
SnapdragonPresumption.
SnowdropHope.
Sorrel, WoodJoy.
SpeedwellFidelity.
Spindle-treeYour charms are engraven on my heart.
Star of BethlehemPurity.
StockLasting beauty.
——, Ten WeekPromptness.
StonecropTranquility.
Straw, BrokenRupture of a contract.
——, WholeUnion.
StrawberryPerfection.
SunflowerFalse riches.
Sweet SultanHappiness.
Sweet WilliamFinesse.
SycamoreCuriosity.
SyringaFraternal.
Tansey, WildI declare war against you.
Tendrils of climbing plantsTies.
ThistleSurliness.
Thorn-appleDeceitful charms.
ThriftSympathy.
ThymeActivity.
Tremella NostocResistance.
TruffleSurprise.
TuberoseDangerous pleasures.
TulipDeclaration of love.
Tussilage, Sweet-scentedJustice shall be done to you.
ValerianAn accommodating disposition.
——, GreekRupture.
Venus’s Looking-glassFlattery.
VeronicaFidelity.
VervainEnchantment.
VineIntoxication.
VioletModesty.
——, WhiteInnocence, candour.
WallflowerFidelity in misfortune.
WalnutStratagem.
WhortleberryTreachery.
Willow, WeepingMourning.
WormwoodAbsence.
YewSorrow.

The Calendar of Flowers.

The Roman Catholic monks, or the observers of the Roman Catholic ritual, have compiled a Catalogue of Flowers for every day in the year, and dedicated each flower to a particular saint, on account of its blooming about the time of that saint’s festival. These appropriations form a complete Calendar of the Flowers.

The figures attached express the year in which the saint died.