FOOTNOTES:
1 (return)
[ First published in 1850.]
2 (return)
[ General Council of
Manufactures, Agriculture, and Commerce, 6th of May, 1850.]
3 (return)
[ If protection were only
granted in France to a single class, to the engineers, for instance, it
would be so absurdly plundering, as to be unable to maintain itself. Thus
we see all the protected trades combine, make common cause, and even
recruit themselves in such a way as to appear to embrace the mass of the
national labor. They feel instinctively that plunder is slurred over by
being generalized.]
4 (return)
[ Political economy precedes
politics: the former has to discover whether human interests are
harmonious or antagonistic, a fact which must be settled before the latter
can determine the prerogatives of Government.]
INDEX
Action, human. See Individualism;
Mankind
Agriculture analogy to society, 35 Persian, 26 Antiquity. See Greece; Rome
Authority. See Government
Beggars, 11 Billaud-Varennes, Jean Nicolas, 38 Blanc, Louis competition, 45 doctrine, 42, 43 force of society, 47, 48 labor, 42 law, 50, 52 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 41 Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne, 25, 26
Cabetists, 46, 47 Capital displacement, 2 Carlier, Pierre, 13 Carthage, 32 Charity, vii, 5, 17 See also Wealth, equality of; Welfare
Classical studies, 25, 26, 36, 37, 38 Collectivism, 2, 3 See also Government
Communism, 18 Competition
meaning, 45 results, 45 Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de, 35, 38 Constituent Assembly, 24 Conventionality, 37 Crete, 28
Defense right of, 2, 3, 37, 49, 50 Democracy, vi, 43, 44 Democrats, 43 Dictatorship, vii, 39, 40 Disposition, fatal, 5, 37, 38 Distribution, 33, 34 Dole, 10, 11 See also Welfare
Dupin, Charles, 13
Education classical, 26, 38 controlled, 33 Greek, 26 liberty in, 44 free, 21, 22 government provided, 22, 48 Egypt, 25, 26, 27 Elections, 43, 44 See also Voting
Employment
assigned, 26 See also Labor
Equality of wealth, 11, 20, 29, 36
Fénelon, François de Salignac de La
Mothe antiquity, 27, 29 Telemachus, 27 Force common or collective, 2, 3 individual, 2, 3 motive, of society, 40, 43 See also Government; Law
Forced conformity, viii
Fourier, François Marie Charles, 41 Fourierists, 46 France revolutions, 47 Fraternity legally enforced, 16, 17, 21, 22 Fraud, 13, 14 Freedom. See Liberty
French Revolution, 38 public services, 10, 11 purpose of, v relaxed, 35 republican, 30, 39 responsibility and, 3, 47, 48, 51 results, 28 stability, 31 virtue, 39 See also Communism, Socialism
Greece education, 26 law, 26, 27 republic, 29, 30 Sparta, 32, 36, 38 Greed, 5
Happiness of the governed, 28 History, 5 Humanity lost, 19, 20
Imports. See Trade
Individualism, 3 Industry, protected. See Protectionism
Jobs. See Employment
Justice and injustice, distinction
between, 7 generalized, 7 immutable, 49, 50 intentions and, 17, 18 law and, 3, 6, 49 reigning, 19 General welfare, 19 Government
American ideal of, v
corrupting education by, vi
democratic, 29, 43, 44 education, 23, 48 force, 2, 3 function, 38 monopoly, 45 morality, 39 motive force, 40, 43 power, v, 47
Labor displaced, 4 Land. See Property
Law
Cretan, 28 defined, 2, 16 Egyptian, 25, 26, 27, 28 fraternity and, 17 functions, 16, 31, 33, 49, 50 Greek, 26, 28, 29 justice and, 3, 4, 16, 51 morality and, 7, 21 motive force, 25 object of, 19 omnipotence, 44, 49 Persian, 26 perverted, v, 1, 5 philanthropic, 17 plunder and, 5, 13 posterior and inferior, 2, 3 respect for, 7, 9 Rousseau's views, 31, 33, 38 spirit of, 32 study of, 25 United States, 12 See also Legislation
Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de,
fraternity, 17 government power, 48, 49 Lawgiver, 38, 43 Legislation conflict in, 32 monopoly on, 5 struggle for control of, 11, 12 universal right of, 7 See also Law
Legislator. See Lawgiver; Politicians
Lepéletier, Louis Michel de Saint Fargeau, 39 Liberty competition and, 44, 45 defined, 42 denied, 44, 45 described, 53 education and, 44, 45 individual, 3 as power, 43 returned to, 55 seeking, 38
Life, faculties of, 1 Louis XIV 27 Lycurgus government, 30, 35, 36 influence, 33, 40
Mably, Abbé Gabriel Bonnot de, 35, 39 Mankind assimilation, 2 concern for, 54 degraded, 25 divided, 23 inert, 23, 25, 26, 28, 31, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 47 inertia, 44 as machine, 31 nature of, 33 violation of, 52
Melun, Armand de, 52 Mentor, 28, 29 Mimerel de Roubaix, Pierre Auguste
Remi, 52 Monopoly, 5, 45 Montalembert, Charles, Comte de, 13, 15 Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondât, Baron de, 29, 31 Morality law and, 21, 22 Morelly, 41
Napoleon, 41 Natural rights, v
Nature, gifts of, 1
Oliver de Serres, Guillaume Antoine, 29 Order, 3 Owen, Robert, 41 Ownership. See Property
Paraguay, 30 Persia, 26 Personality, 2 Phalansteries, 55 Philanthropy. See Charity
Plato republic, 30 Plunder absence of, 16 burdens of, 5, 6 defined, 17 general welfare and, 19 extralegal, 13 kinds, 13 legal, v, ix, 6, 13, 22 organized, 14 origin of, 6 partial, 15, 16 socialistic, 13 universal, 15, 16 Politicians dreams of, 36 genius of, 30 goodness of, 25 importance of, 22, 23 responsibility of, 27 social engineers, 22, 24, 32, 34, 37, 38, 40, 42, 44, 45 superior, 46, 54 Politics exaggerated importance of, 8 and favors, vi
plunder through, vi
Poor relief. See Charity; Welfare
Power. See Government
Property man and, 2 origin of, 5 Protectionism, 18 United States, 12 Proudhonians, 46 Providence, 55 Public relief, 10, 20, 29
Raynal, Abbé Guillaume, 33, 35 Religion, State, 22 Rent seeking, vi, vii
Republic kinds of, 29 virtues of, 39 Revolt, 6 Revolution, 47 French, 38 Rhodes, 32 Rights individual, v, 2, 3 Roberspierre, Jean Jacques
government, 38 lawgiver, 40 Rome virtue, 32 Rousseau, Jean Jacques
disciples, 8, 9 on the lawgiver, 31, 33
Saint-Cricq, Barthélémy, Pierre Laurent, Comte de, 50 Saint-Just, Louis Antoine Léon de, 38 Saint-Simon, Claude Henri, Comte de doctrine, 41 Salentum, 27, 29 Security consequences, 3 Self-defense, 2, 37, 49, 50 Selfishness, 5 Serres, Oliver de, 29 Slavery,
United States, viii, 12 universality, 5 Socialism confused, ix, 22 defined, 14, 15 disguised, 22 experiments, 23, 24 legal plunder, 13 sincerely believed, 18 social engineers, 22, 24 refutation of, 15 Socialists, vii
Society enlightened, 37 experiments, 23 motive force, 40, 43 object of, 36, 37 parable of the traveler, 54, 55
Solon, 33, 35 Sparta, 32, 36 Spoliation. See Plunder
State. See Government
Suffrage. See Universal suffrage
Tariffs, vi, viii
Telemachus, 27 Terror as means of republican government, 39, 40 Theirs, Louis Adolphe
doctrine, 52 education, 45 Tyre, 32
United States, viii, 12 Declaration of Independence, v
Universal suffrage demand for, 9, 43, 44, 46, 47 importance of, 10 incapacity and, 9 objections, 9
Vaucanson, Jacques de, 54 Vested interests, 13, 14 Virtue and vice, 28, 30, 35, 36, 40 Voting responsibility and, 9, 10 right of, 10 See also Universal suffrage
Want satisfaction, 4 Wealth equality of, 11, 21, 29, 36 transfer of, vii
Welfare, 10, 20, 28
Mankind
Agriculture analogy to society, 35 Persian, 26 Antiquity. See Greece; Rome
Authority. See Government
Beggars, 11 Billaud-Varennes, Jean Nicolas, 38 Blanc, Louis competition, 45 doctrine, 42, 43 force of society, 47, 48 labor, 42 law, 50, 52 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 41 Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne, 25, 26
Cabetists, 46, 47 Capital displacement, 2 Carlier, Pierre, 13 Carthage, 32 Charity, vii, 5, 17 See also Wealth, equality of; Welfare
Classical studies, 25, 26, 36, 37, 38 Collectivism, 2, 3 See also Government
Communism, 18 Competition
meaning, 45 results, 45 Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de, 35, 38 Constituent Assembly, 24 Conventionality, 37 Crete, 28
Defense right of, 2, 3, 37, 49, 50 Democracy, vi, 43, 44 Democrats, 43 Dictatorship, vii, 39, 40 Disposition, fatal, 5, 37, 38 Distribution, 33, 34 Dole, 10, 11 See also Welfare
Dupin, Charles, 13
Education classical, 26, 38 controlled, 33 Greek, 26 liberty in, 44 free, 21, 22 government provided, 22, 48 Egypt, 25, 26, 27 Elections, 43, 44 See also Voting
Employment
assigned, 26 See also Labor
Equality of wealth, 11, 20, 29, 36
Fénelon, François de Salignac de La
Mothe antiquity, 27, 29 Telemachus, 27 Force common or collective, 2, 3 individual, 2, 3 motive, of society, 40, 43 See also Government; Law
Forced conformity, viii
Fourier, François Marie Charles, 41 Fourierists, 46 France revolutions, 47 Fraternity legally enforced, 16, 17, 21, 22 Fraud, 13, 14 Freedom. See Liberty
French Revolution, 38 public services, 10, 11 purpose of, v relaxed, 35 republican, 30, 39 responsibility and, 3, 47, 48, 51 results, 28 stability, 31 virtue, 39 See also Communism, Socialism
Greece education, 26 law, 26, 27 republic, 29, 30 Sparta, 32, 36, 38 Greed, 5
Happiness of the governed, 28 History, 5 Humanity lost, 19, 20
Imports. See Trade
Individualism, 3 Industry, protected. See Protectionism
Jobs. See Employment
Justice and injustice, distinction
between, 7 generalized, 7 immutable, 49, 50 intentions and, 17, 18 law and, 3, 6, 49 reigning, 19 General welfare, 19 Government
American ideal of, v
corrupting education by, vi
democratic, 29, 43, 44 education, 23, 48 force, 2, 3 function, 38 monopoly, 45 morality, 39 motive force, 40, 43 power, v, 47
Labor displaced, 4 Land. See Property
Law
Cretan, 28 defined, 2, 16 Egyptian, 25, 26, 27, 28 fraternity and, 17 functions, 16, 31, 33, 49, 50 Greek, 26, 28, 29 justice and, 3, 4, 16, 51 morality and, 7, 21 motive force, 25 object of, 19 omnipotence, 44, 49 Persian, 26 perverted, v, 1, 5 philanthropic, 17 plunder and, 5, 13 posterior and inferior, 2, 3 respect for, 7, 9 Rousseau's views, 31, 33, 38 spirit of, 32 study of, 25 United States, 12 See also Legislation
Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de,
fraternity, 17 government power, 48, 49 Lawgiver, 38, 43 Legislation conflict in, 32 monopoly on, 5 struggle for control of, 11, 12 universal right of, 7 See also Law
Legislator. See Lawgiver; Politicians
Lepéletier, Louis Michel de Saint Fargeau, 39 Liberty competition and, 44, 45 defined, 42 denied, 44, 45 described, 53 education and, 44, 45 individual, 3 as power, 43 returned to, 55 seeking, 38
Life, faculties of, 1 Louis XIV 27 Lycurgus government, 30, 35, 36 influence, 33, 40
Mably, Abbé Gabriel Bonnot de, 35, 39 Mankind assimilation, 2 concern for, 54 degraded, 25 divided, 23 inert, 23, 25, 26, 28, 31, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 47 inertia, 44 as machine, 31 nature of, 33 violation of, 52
Melun, Armand de, 52 Mentor, 28, 29 Mimerel de Roubaix, Pierre Auguste
Remi, 52 Monopoly, 5, 45 Montalembert, Charles, Comte de, 13, 15 Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondât, Baron de, 29, 31 Morality law and, 21, 22 Morelly, 41
Napoleon, 41 Natural rights, v
Nature, gifts of, 1
Oliver de Serres, Guillaume Antoine, 29 Order, 3 Owen, Robert, 41 Ownership. See Property
Paraguay, 30 Persia, 26 Personality, 2 Phalansteries, 55 Philanthropy. See Charity
Plato republic, 30 Plunder absence of, 16 burdens of, 5, 6 defined, 17 general welfare and, 19 extralegal, 13 kinds, 13 legal, v, ix, 6, 13, 22 organized, 14 origin of, 6 partial, 15, 16 socialistic, 13 universal, 15, 16 Politicians dreams of, 36 genius of, 30 goodness of, 25 importance of, 22, 23 responsibility of, 27 social engineers, 22, 24, 32, 34, 37, 38, 40, 42, 44, 45 superior, 46, 54 Politics exaggerated importance of, 8 and favors, vi
plunder through, vi
Poor relief. See Charity; Welfare
Power. See Government
Property man and, 2 origin of, 5 Protectionism, 18 United States, 12 Proudhonians, 46 Providence, 55 Public relief, 10, 20, 29
Raynal, Abbé Guillaume, 33, 35 Religion, State, 22 Rent seeking, vi, vii
Republic kinds of, 29 virtues of, 39 Revolt, 6 Revolution, 47 French, 38 Rhodes, 32 Rights individual, v, 2, 3 Roberspierre, Jean Jacques
government, 38 lawgiver, 40 Rome virtue, 32 Rousseau, Jean Jacques
disciples, 8, 9 on the lawgiver, 31, 33
Saint-Cricq, Barthélémy, Pierre Laurent, Comte de, 50 Saint-Just, Louis Antoine Léon de, 38 Saint-Simon, Claude Henri, Comte de doctrine, 41 Salentum, 27, 29 Security consequences, 3 Self-defense, 2, 37, 49, 50 Selfishness, 5 Serres, Oliver de, 29 Slavery,
United States, viii, 12 universality, 5 Socialism confused, ix, 22 defined, 14, 15 disguised, 22 experiments, 23, 24 legal plunder, 13 sincerely believed, 18 social engineers, 22, 24 refutation of, 15 Socialists, vii
Society enlightened, 37 experiments, 23 motive force, 40, 43 object of, 36, 37 parable of the traveler, 54, 55
Solon, 33, 35 Sparta, 32, 36 Spoliation. See Plunder
State. See Government
Suffrage. See Universal suffrage
Tariffs, vi, viii
Telemachus, 27 Terror as means of republican government, 39, 40 Theirs, Louis Adolphe
doctrine, 52 education, 45 Tyre, 32
United States, viii, 12 Declaration of Independence, v
Universal suffrage demand for, 9, 43, 44, 46, 47 importance of, 10 incapacity and, 9 objections, 9
Vaucanson, Jacques de, 54 Vested interests, 13, 14 Virtue and vice, 28, 30, 35, 36, 40 Voting responsibility and, 9, 10 right of, 10 See also Universal suffrage
Want satisfaction, 4 Wealth equality of, 11, 21, 29, 36 transfer of, vii
Welfare, 10, 20, 28