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The Life and Labors of Elias Hicks

Chapter 44: APPENDIX.
By Henry Watson Wilbur
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About This Book

The biography traces Elias Hicks's life from ancestry and boyhood through his emergence as a traveling minister, documenting extended journeys to meetings, domestic life at Jericho, family correspondence, and agricultural and surveying pursuits. It examines his theological views, approaches to ministry, and engagement with social issues including slavery, and recounts controversies that led to schism, disownment, and varied critical responses. Chapters collect sermons, letters, contemporaneous recollections, testimonies, and post-separation activities, concluding with remembrances and an appendix of documents that illuminate his beliefs, methods, and the conflicts that marked his later years.

INDEX.

  • Abolitionists, Garrisonian, 87
  • After the "Separation," 195
  • Aldrich, Royal, reference to, 69
  • Ancestry and Boyhood, 17
  • Apostolic Christian, an, 7
  • Appendix, 226
  • Apprenticeship of E. H., 22
  • Atlee, Dr. Edwin A., E. H.'s letter to, Appendix B;
  • reference to, 166
  • Baltimore Y. M., E. H. attends, 44
  • Baptists, Southern, reference to, 94
  • Barclay's Apology, quotation from, 143-144
  • Bartram, John, reference to, 190;
  • sketch of, 190;
  • his supposed deism, 190-191
  • Beacon Controversy, the, 169-170
  • Berry, Mary, at Easton, Md., 37
  • Binns, Henry Byran, describes E. H.'s preaching, 212-218
  • Black people commended, 37
  • Bownas, Samuel (note), 18
  • Braithwaite, Anna, referred to, 49;
  • sketch of (note), 161;
  • writes to E. H., 162;
  • writes to Friend in Flushing, 163;
  • writes to E. H. from England, 165;
  • writes to E. H. from Kipp's Bay, 168;
  • advised by Jericho ministers and elders, 169;
  • late reference to "Hicksism," 170
  • Braithwaite, Isaac, reference to (note), 161;
  • reference to, 179-183
  • Braithwaite, J. Bevan (note), 164-170
  • Camp meetings, E. H. condemns, 104
  • Carpenter. E. H. apprenticed as, 22
  • Christ, Divinity of, 115, 116, 156
  • Christ as saviour, 156-157
  • Clarkson, Thomas, receives Hicks' pamphlet, 90
  • Clement of Alexandria, reference to, 106
  • Conflict, The American (note), 94
  • Cotton gin, invention of, 94
  • Court Crier, E. H. imitates, 62
  • Cropper, James (note), 89;
  • letter from E. H., 90
  • Dancing, opinion of, 22
  • Discipline, E. H.'s regard for, 29
  • Disownment and doctrine, 188
  • Disownments for doctrine, 190;
  • E. H. on, 191-193;
  • during slavery agitation, 87-88
  • Division, before the, 121
  • Doctrine, statement of by Philadelphia Meeting for Sufferings, 139
  • Dutchess County, separation in, 178
  • Early labors in ministry, 32
  • Easton, Md., letter from, 37
  • Election, E. H. on, 110
  • Evans, Jonathan, opposes E. H., 127;
  • clerk Meeting for Sufferings, 139;
  • expounds orthodox doctrine, 153
  • Exeter, Pa., E. H. writes letter from, 38
  • Family, the Hicks, 71;
  • E. H.'s statement about, 71;
  • children in, 72-73
  • First Trouble in Philadelphia, 126
  • Fisher, Samuel R., entertains E. H., 44
  • Flushing, O., E. H. meets opposition in, 50;
  • also (note), 50
  • Free Masonry, E. H. on, 103
  • Friends, Progressive (note), 88
  • Garrison, William Lloyd, on Society of Friends, 87
  • Gibbons, James S., is disowned, 87
  • Goldsmith, Oliver, extract from "Deserted Village," 68
  • Gould, Marcus T. C., publisher "The Quaker," 152-153
  • Greeley, Horace, quotation from, 94
  • Green, Dr. Jesse C., reference to, 211;
  • recollections of E. H., 211-212
  • Green Street Monthly Meeting, center of difficulty, 147-149
  • Grellett, Stephen, sketch of (note), 123;
  • questions orthodoxy of E. H., 123
  • Gurney, Joseph John, reference to, 165
  • Harris, Dr. J. Rendell, criticises E. H., 208
  • Heaven and hell, E. H. on, 110-111
  • Hicks, Abigail, daughter of E. H., 72;
  • picture of, facing, 97
  • Hicks, David, son of E. H., 72
  • Hicks, Edward, sketch of (note), 202;
  • estimate of E. H., 203
  • Hicks, Elias, apostolic Christian, 7;
  • his type of Quakerism, 7;
  • reading Scriptures, 12;
  • reference to old folks, 13;
  • objects to flower bed, 13;
  • sells wheat at low price to neighbors, 14;
  • favors disciplinary equality for women, 15;
  • birth, 18;
  • reference to parents, 11, 19;
  • death of mother, 20;
  • reference to singing and running horses, 20;
  • apprenticed to learn carpenter's trade, 22;
  • on dancing, 22-23;
  • on hunting, 23-24;
  • reference to possibly lost condition, 23;
  • statement regarding his marriage, 24;
  • marriage application in monthly meeting, 25;
  • takes up residence in Jericho, 26;
  • a surveyor, 27;
  • appears in the ministry, 28-29;
  • regard for discipline, 29;
  • recorded a minister, 30;
  • passes through military lines in Revolutionary War, 31;
  • makes first long religious journey, 32;
  • visits Nine Partners, Vermont, etc., 34;
  • visits New England, 35;
  • visits Philadelphia and Baltimore Yearly Meetings, 36;
  • first sermon against slavery, 36;
  • letter from Easton, Md., 37;
  • visit to states south of New York, 38;
  • visit to Canada, 40;
  • visit New England meetings, 42;
  • goes to Ohio, 43;
  • at Baltimore Y. M., 44;
  • starts on last long religious journey, 46;
  • meets opposition at Westland, 47;
  • experience at Brownsville, 47;
  • at Mt. Pleasant, O., 48-49;
  • attends Ohio Y. M., 49-50;
  • disturbance at Flushing, O., 50;
  • attends Indiana Y. M., 52;
  • trouble at West Grove, Pa., 53;
  • extent of his travels, 56;
  • ideas about the ministry, 57;
  • speaks of his own ministry, 58;
  • against premeditation, 59;
  • measuring the ministry, 60-61;
  • imitates court crier, 62;
  • advice touching meetings and ministry, 63;
  • is frequently indisposed, 64;
  • his Jericho property, 69;
  • statement about his wife, 71;
  • as a father, 72;
  • letters to his wife, 76-83;
  • on the slavery question, 84-94;
  • various opinions, 95;
  • on the joys of labor, 97;
  • ideas regarding railroads, 98;
  • ideas about Thanksgiving, 102;
  • opposes Freemasonry, 103;
  • some points of doctrine, 107-120;
  • has trouble in Philadelphia, 126-128;
  • writes letter to Philadelphia elders, 132;
  • in the time of unsettlement, 139-151;
  • three sermons reviewed, 152-160;
  • is visited by Anna Braithwaite, 162;
  • writes to Dr. Atlee, 164;
  • writes to Anna Braithwaite, 169;
  • in Dutchess County with Ann Jones, 171-176;
  • contact with T. Shillitoe, 184-185;
  • at Mt. Pleasant and Short Creek, O., 186-187;
  • disowned by Westbury and Jericho Monthly Meeting, 189;
  • ideas about disownment, 193-194;
  • at Rose and Hester Streets, New York, 195;
  • remarks on reception by Friends, 196;
  • assumes the humorous role, 196;
  • received by Friends after long western trip, 197;
  • death of wife, 198;
  • visits Dutchess County, 199;
  • preaches in statehouse, Albany, 200;
  • letter to Johnson Legg, 201;
  • his dying testimony, 204;
  • critics of, 202-210;
  • a logical thinker, 211;
  • his kindness to poor, 213-214;
  • deals with corn thief, 214;
  • his dying testimony against slavery, 214;
  • sufferings for peace principles, 215-216;
  • helps organize charity society, 216-217;
  • putting off harness, 218-225;
  • his last traveling minute, 220;
  • attends his last monthly meeting, 220-221;
  • suffers stroke of paralysis, 221;
  • his death, 221;
  • his funeral, 221;
  • last letter to Hugh Judge, 222
  • Hicks, Elias, Jr., son of E. H., 73
  • Hicks, Elizabeth, daughter of E. H., 72;
  • picture of, facing, 97 ...
  • Hicks, Sir Ellis, reference to, 17
  • Hicks Family, the, 71
  • Hicks, Jonathan, son of E. H., 73
  • Hicks, John, son of E. H., 72
  • Hicks, Jemima, wife of E. H., estimate of, 74-75;
  • letters to, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82;
  • death of, 198;
  • funeral of, 198-199
  • Hicks, Martha, daughter of E. H., 72;
  • picture of, facing, 97
  • Hicks, Sarah, daughter of E. H., 72
  • Hicks, Judge Thomas, great-grandfather E. H., 18;
  • befriends S. Bownas, 18
  • Hicksville, reference to, 66
  • Hicks, Valentine, son-in-law of E. H., reference to, 66;
  • President Long Island Railroad, 100;
  • picture of, facing, 97
  • Hodgson, W., reference to E. H.'s sentiments, 206
  • Home at Jericho, the, 66
  • Hopper, Isaac T., reference to disownment of, 87
  • Humor, E. H. indulges in, 196
  • Immortality, E. H. on, 112-114
  • Indiana Y. M., E. H. attends, 51
  • Inquirer, The Christian (note), 102
  • Introduction, 11
  • Jackson, Halliday, arrested at Ohio Y. M., 49;
  • statement about (note), 49
  • Jericho, home at, 66
  • Jericho Monthly Meeting, members at time of "separation," 188;
  • E. H. advises, 200
  • Jesus, death and resurrection of, 118-120
  • Johnson, Oliver, on abolition claims of Friends, 88
  • Jones, Ann, in Dutchess County, 171;
  • extracts from sermons, 171-172
  • Jones, George, reference to, 174-176
  • Judge, Hugh, sketch of (note), 221-222;
  • reference to, 221;
  • E. H.'s letter to, 222-225
  • Keith, George, sketch of (note), 19
  • Kennett Monthly Meeting, extract from minutes, 88
  • Kingston, Canada, E. H. writes letter from, 40
  • Labor, ideas about, 96-98
  • Lamb, blood of, 155
  • Lewis, Evan (note), 89
  • Liberator, the, quotations from, 87-88
  • Lloyd, Isaac, statement by, 154
  • Lost condition, reference to, 23
  • Lundy, Benjamin, sketch of (note), 86
  • Manchester Conference, proceedings of (note), 208;
  • quotation from, 208
  • Marriage of E. H., 25
  • Marriott, Charles, his disownment, 87
  • Meeting ministers and elders, a visiting committee, 36
  • Meeting for Sufferings, to control membership, 150
  • Merritt, Jesse, travels with E. H., 54;
  • is homesick, 54
  • Mifflin, Daniel, emancipates slaves, 84
  • Mifflin, Warner, emancipates slaves, 84;
  • presents memorial to Congress, 84;
  • reference to, 85
  • Mind, effect on body, 100
  • Minister, E. H. recorded as, 30
  • Ministry, E. H.'s first appearance in, 28;
  • ideas about, 57;
  • speaks of his own, 58;
  • measuring the, 60-61
  • Minute, E. H.'s last traveling, 220
  • Miraculous conception, the, 114, 194
  • Monthly Meeting, E. H. attends his last, 220-221
  • Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History, reference to, 105
  • Mott, Adam (note), 35
  • Mott, James, Sr., reference to (note), 35;
  • writes E. H., 123;
  • criticises E. H., 205
  • Mott, James and Lucretia, reference to, 35
  • Mt. Pleasant, O., disturbance in meeting at, 48-49;
  • Yearly Meeting 1828 at, 49-50;
  • E. H. and T. Shillitoe at, 186
  • New England Y. M. visited by E. H., 35;
  • attended by English Friends, 183
  • New Jersey, Friends in, approve E. H., 196
  • New York Y. M., attended by English Friends, 183;
  • by T. Shillitoe, 1828, 183;
  • extract from minute of, 183;
  • T. Shillitoe objects to visitors in, 183
  • Nine Partners, sermon at, 123
  • Ohio Y. M. attended by E. H., 48-49, 186
  • Osborn, Charles, prays and preaches two hours, 50
  • Paine, Thomas, referred to, 117;
  • E. H. on, 117;
  • E. H. compared with, 167
  • Parker's, Hicks's sermons, extracts from, 92-93
  • Philadelphia Elders write E. H., 130-131
  • Philadelphia Meeting for Sufferings starts charge of E. H.'s unsoundness, 129;
  • issues statement of doctrine, 139-143
  • Pine Street Monthly Meeting offers affront to E. H., 126-127
  • Property, E. H.'s views about, 95-96
  • Quakerism, type of, 7
  • Quaker," "The, extracts from, 91, 96
  • Quaker creed, a sort of, 139, 143
  • Railroad, E. H. opposes, 99;
  • the Long Island, 99;
  • Baltimore and Ohio, 98-99;
  • the first (note), 99
  • Recollections, reminiscences and testimonies, 211-217
  • Religious journeys in 1828, 46
  • Routh, Martha, writes letter to E. H., 90
  • Roy, Rammouhan, sketch of (note), 206;
  • writes E. H., 207
  • Salvation, universal, 108-109
  • Salvation, vital, 159
  • Satan, 116
  • Schools, public, ideas about, 101
  • Seaman, Gideon, reference to, 50, 182
  • Seaman, Jemima, reference to, 24;
  • marries E. H., 25
  • Seaman, Captain John, moves to Long Island, 26
  • Seaman, Jonathan, father of Jemima, 26
  • Seaman, Lazarus, Puritan divine, 26
  • Sermons, length of, 65
  • Shillitoe, Thomas, reference to, 47;
  • sketch of (note), 181;
  • declines to visit E. H., 182;
  • refers to his traveling minute, 183-184;
  • goes west, 184;
  • converses with ferry keeper, 186;
  • at Mt. Pleasant, 186
  • Sin and transgression, 107
  • Singing, reference to, 20
  • Slavery, first sermon against, 36
  • Slavery question, the, 84-94;
  • Friends on, 85-94;
  • pamphlet by E. H. on, 93
  • Southern Q. M. members of, on E. H., 133-136
  • Stabler, Deborah and James, sketch of (note), 98
  • Tallack, William, refers to E. H.'s assertions, 206
  • Thanksgiving, E. H. on, 102-103
  • Thomas, Philip E., reference to, 98;
  • sketch of (note), 98
  • Three sermons reviewed, 152
  • Time of unsettlement, 139
  • Titus, Daniel, traveling companion of E. H., 40
  • Turner, Frederick Storrs, reference to, 122;
  • on E. H., 203-204
  • Unitarianism, E. H. on, 117;
  • in New England, 121
  • Unsoundness, charge of, 146
  • War, Revolutionary, E. H. passes military lines, 31;
  • E. H.'s "sufferings" during, 215-216
  • Westbury Monthly Meeting, members at the time of "separation," 188
  • Westbury and Jericho Monthly Meeting (note), 50;
  • orders E. H. home, 50;
  • reference to, 188;
  • membership of, 188;
  • disowns E. H., 189
  • Wharton, William, reference to, 207
  • Wheat, E. H. sells at low price, 14
  • Whitall, Joseph, reports E. H. unsound, 128
  • White, George F., influential in disownment of Isaac T. Hopper, 87;
  • on slave labor, 87;
  • attacks various organizations, 87
  • Whitman, Walt, estimation of E. H., 205;
  • reference to, 218-219;
  • hears E. H. preach, 219;
  • describes E. H.'s preaching, 213
  • Willets, Deborah (note), 178;
  • extract from letter, 179-180
  • Willets, Jacob (note), 178;
  • statement about division in meetings, 178
  • Willets, Joshua, son-in-law of E. H., 70
  • Willis, Edmund, traveling companion of E. H., 38
  • Willis, John, traveling companion of E. H., 32
  • Willis, Mary, reference to, 212;
  • her recollections of E. H., 212-213
  • Willis, Thomas and Phebe, oppose E. H., 124;
  • dealt with by Jericho Monthly Meeting, 125;
  • reference to, 182
  • Women, equality of, 15
  • Woolman, John, on slavery, 84
  • World, the, against mixing with, 103-104

APPENDIX.

  • A, Descendants of Elias Hicks, 226-228
  • B, Letter to Dr. Atlee, 229-233
  • C, The Portraits, 234
  • D, The Death Mask, 234
  • E, A Bit of Advertising, 235
  • F, Acknowledgment, 235
  • G, Sources of Information, 236-237