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The Life of the Grasshopper

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About This Book

A series of observational essays that examine the biology and behavior of grasshopper-like and related insects. Through close field study, the author describes life cycles, moulting and metamorphosis, mating and nesting practices, egg-laying and hatching, feeding and predatory techniques, mechanisms and instruments of sound, and species-specific habits from cicadas and mantises to crickets and locusts. Richly detailed anatomical and behavioral notes illuminate how form relates to function, while episodic vignettes trace development stages and seasonal rhythms. The work blends meticulous natural-history observation with clear explanations of insect physiology and ecology, aiming to make complex entomological phenomena accessible to general readers.

[Contents]

INDEX

[Contents]

A

Acherontia atropos (see Death’s-head Hawk-moth)

Adder, 122, 125, 206

Æsop, 6–7

Agrion, 273

Alpine Analota, 231–235, 238, 299, 373

Ameles decolor (see Grey Mantis)

Ammonite, 273

Ammophila holosericea, 202–204

Anacreon, 13

Analota alpina (see Alpine Analota)

Anianus, 5n

Anoxia pilosa, 290

Ant, 1–2, 4–5, 7, 9–24, 176–178, 181, 183, 187–190, 199, 263, 298, 307, 321–323

Anthidium, 203

Anthophora, 109

Anthrax, 100

Ant-lion, 307

Aphis, 178

Aphrophora spumaria (see Foamy Cicadella)

Aristotle, 50–51, 53–55, 366

Ash Cicada, 59, 66–75, 80, 94

Asparagus-beetle, 445

Ass, 138, 257

[Contents]

B

Badger, 308

Bat, 201–202

Bee, 92, 121, 136, 146, 180, 202, 247, 251, 256

Beetle (see also the varieties), 22, 146, 255–256, 360

Bellot, M., 232

Béranger, Pierre Jean de, 4n, 13

Black Cicada, 59, 73

Blue-winged Locust, 214–217, 381–383, 389, 397–400

Bolboceras gallicus, 255–256

Bombyx, 205

Bordeaux Cricket, 309–310, 345–346

Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc de, 253

Bull, 69, 249

Bull, the author’s Dog, 133–134

Buprestis, 31–33

Burying-beetle (see Necrophorus)

Butterfly (see also the varieties), 121, 125, 146, 183, 198–199, 256, 302–305 [448]

[Contents]

C

Cabbage Butterfly (see White Cabbage Butterfly)

Cacan (see Ash Cicada)

Callot, Jacques, 194

Caloptenus italicus (see Italian Locust)

Camel, 362

Capon, 188

Capricorn, 31–33, 255–256

Cassida (see Tortoise-beetle)

Cat, 3, 140, 196, 282

Centipede, 223n

Century Co., vii

Cephalopod, 223, 273, 299

Cerambyx (see Capricorn)

Cetonia, 11, 183

Chaffinch, 147

Chalcis, 92, 178

Chalicodoma, 365

Chicken, 188

Chrysomela, 360

Cicada (see also the varieties), vii, 1–112, 171–172, 178, 242, 256, 258–259, 263, 268, 276–278, 287–291, 343–344, 366, 412, 416, 426–427

Cicada atra (see Black Cicada)

Cicada hematodes (see Red Cicada)

Cicada orni (see Ash Cicada)

Cicada plebeia (see Common Cicada)

Cicada pygmæa (see Pigmy Cicada)

Cicada tomentosa, 73

Cigale (see Cicada)

Cigalon, Cigaloun (see Cicada tomentosa)

Coaltit, 265

Cockchafer (see also Pine Cockchafer), 290

Cockroach, 287n

Cod, 186–187

Common Black Cricket, Common Cricket (see Field Cricket)

Common Cicada, 59–66, 70–72, 74–112

Common Owl, 282

Common Snail, 223

Conocephalus mandibularis, 214n, 266

Copris, 255–256

Crab, 130, 366

Crab Spider, 129–136

Crayfish, 410

Crested Lark, 325–326

Cricket (see also the varieties), vii, 256, 258–259, 266, 287n, 295

Cri-cri (see Cricket)

Crioceris merdigera (see Lily-beetle)

Cross Spider, 120

Crow, 3

Cuckoo, 424

Cuckoo-spit (see Foamy Cicadella)

Cul-blanc (see Wheatear)

Cuttlefish, 223n

[Contents]

D

Daumas, General Eugène, 361 [449]

Death’s-head Hawk-moth, 438–439

Decticus (see also the varieties), 121, 123–124, 266, 287, 296, 299, 314, 317–318, 327, 329, 336–337, 399

Decticus albifrons (see White-faced Decticus)

Devilkin (see Empusa pauperata)

Diadema, Epeira (see Cross Spider)

Dioscorides, 50, 56

Dog, 319

Donkey (see Ass)

Dorbeetle (see Geotrupes)

Double-spotted Cricket, 309–310

Dragon-fly, 121, 225, 273

Drone, 22

Drone-fly (see Eristalis)

Dryden, John, 249n, 341n, 351n

Dung-beetle, 316, 322

[Contents]

E

Earwig, 11, 183, 287n

Edwards, Osman, viii, 20

Elephant, 53, 273–274

Empusa pauperata, 162, 191–210

Epeira (see also the varieties), 121

Epeira diadema (see Cross Spider)

Epeira sericea (see Silky Epeira)

Ephippiger (see also Vine Ephippiger), 124, 229–230, 232, 327

Ephippiger vitium (see Vine Ephippiger)

Eristalis, 197

Eucera, 203

Euripides, 290n

Eyed Lizard, 363

[Contents]

F

Fabre, Mlle. Marie Pauline, the author’s daughter, 356–357

Fabre, Paul, the author’s son, 356

Fallow-chat (see Wheatear)

Fallow-finch (see Wheatear)

Field Cricket, 283–284, 300–347, 350

Field-mouse, 183

Flea, 102

Florian, Jean Pierre Claris de, 302, 306

Fly (see also House-fly), 3, 11, 22–23, 118, 121, 146, 179, 183, 199–200, 256, 263, 444–445

Foamy Cicadella, vii, 287n, 424–446

Fox, 3, 308

Franklin, Benjamin, 335

Frog, 257

Frog-hopper, Frog-spit (see Foamy Cicadella)

Frothy Frog-hopper (see Foamy Cicadella)

[Contents]

G

Garden Spider (see Cross Spider, Silky Epeira) [450]

Geotrupes, 27

Gérard, Jean Ignace Isidore (see Grandville)

Glow-worm, 283

Gnat, 92–94, 127, 183, 322, 422

Goat, 3, 249

Grandville, 4

Grasshopper (see also Green Grasshopper, Ephippiger, Vine Ephippiger), vii, 5n, 8, 80, 117, 119, 135, 140, 198–199, 214, 218n, 224, 229, 233, 238–241, 245, 256, 258, 266–271, 277, 282, 287n, 327–328, 337, 362–363, 365, 370, 379, 392, 397–399

Greenfinch, 183

Green Fly (see Aphis)

Green Grasshopper, 228–229, 238, 263–265, 275–299, 327, 344

Green Tree-frog, 80

Grey Decticus, 238, 265–266

Grey Flesh-fly, 245

Grey Lizard, 177–178, 181, 273, 321, 363

Grey Locust, 120–121, 124, 127, 139, 355, 372, 383–388, 392, 393n, 395, 401–423

Grey Mantis, 126–127, 146, 160–161, 165–166, 173–174, 207–208

Gryllus bimaculatus (see Double-spotted Cricket)

Gryllus burdigalensis (see Bordeaux Cricket)

Gryllus desertus (see Solitary Cricket)

Guinea-fowl, 357–358

[Contents]

H

Hare, 300–301

Harpalus, 360

Helix aspersa (see Common Snail)

Hen, 358, 383

Herod Antipas, 365

Hive-bee, 130–135

Horned Owl (see Scops-owl)

Hornet, 22, 183

House Cricket, 346

House-fly, 195–197, 199

[Contents]

I

Intermediary Decticus, 214n, 265–266

Italian Cricket, 283–284, 346–352

Italian Locust, 214n, 355–356, 370–372, 379–381, 390

Iulus, 360

[Contents]

J

Jacotot, Joseph, 49

[Contents]

K

Kirby, William, 425n

[Contents]

L

La Fontaine, Jean de, 3–5, 7, 263, 300–302, 306

Lark (see also Crested Lark), 189 [451]

L’Estrange, Sir Roger, 5n

Leucospis, 92, 100

Libellula (see Dragon-fly, Meganeura Monyi)

Lily-beetle, 437, 444

Little Cicada, Little Cigale (see Cicada tomentosa)

Lizard (see Eyed Lizard, Grey Lizard)

Locust (see also the varieties), vii, 53, 117, 119, 121, 123–124, 126–130, 135–136, 138, 141, 163, 177, 179–180, 187, 189, 195, 199, 206, 211, 214, 218n, 227, 233, 238, 245, 287n, 353–423

Locusta viridissima (see Green Grasshopper)

[Contents]

M

Machato banarudo (see Scops-owl)

McKenna, Stephen, viii, 305n

Mammoth, 248, 273, 368

Mantis (see also the varieties), vii, 287n

Mantis religiosa (see Praying Mantis)

Matthiolus, 50

Mattioli, Pietro Andrea (see Matthiolus)

Megalosaurus, 273

Meganeura Monyi, 273

Melolontha fullo (see Pine Cockchafer)

Miall, Bernard, vii, 255

Midge, 179, 181, 337

Millepede, 224

Moffett, Thomas, 169

Moth (see also the varieties), 146, 205

Moufet (see Moffett)

Mouse, 196

Muffet (see Moffett)

Myriapod, 223n

[Contents]

N

Nautilus, 273

Necrophorus, 322

Nightingale, 253–254

[Contents]

O

Octopus, 223n, 224

Odynerus, 203

Œcanthus pellucens (see Italian Cricket)

Œdipoda cærulescens (see Blue-winged Locust)

Œdipoda miniata, 214n

Oil-beetle, 100, 180

Olivier, Guillaume Antoine, 73

Omar, the second Caliph, 362, 364, 366

Opatrum, 360

Owl (see the varieties)

Ox, 368

[Contents]

P

Pachytylus cinerescens (see Grey Locust)

Pachytylus nigrofasciatus, 214n, 381–383, 388–389

Panther, 53

Partridge (see also Red-legged Partridge), 249, 364 [452]

Peacock, 53, 122

Pedestrian Locust, 373–377, 389–390

Pezotettix pedestris (see Pedestrian Locust)

Phaneroptera falcata, 266, 298–299

Pheasant, 188–189

Pieris brassica (see White Cabbage Butterfly)

Pigmy Cicada, 59, 73–74

Pine Cockchafer, 255–256, 290

Platycleis grisea (see Grey Decticus)

Platycleis intermedia (see Intermediary Decticus)

Pliny, 53, 421

Pompilus, 11

Praying Mantis, 113–130, 135–191, 193, 204–210, 221, 229, 234, 242, 291, 321, 387, 394

Prégo-Dièu (see Praying Mantis)

Pullet, 188

[Contents]

Q

Quail, 257

[Contents]

R

Rabbit, 3, 308

Rabelais, François, 51, 57

Ram, 195

Rassado (see Eyed Lizard)

Rat, 3

Réaumur, René Antoine Ferchault de, 25–26, 58, 73, 87, 92, 96, 102, 225

Red Cicada, 59, 71–72

Red-legged Partridge, 358–359

Reindeer, 251

Rhinoceros, 53

Ringed Calicurgus (see Pompilus)

Rodwell, Miss Frances, viii

Rondelet, Guillaume, 51

Rose-chafer (see Cetonia)

Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count, 160–162

[Contents]

S

Saxicola (see Wheatear)

Scolopendra, 223, 299

Scops-owl, 281–282, 284–285

Sheep, 274, 357, 368

Silky Epeira, 120

Sitaris, 109

Slug, 183

Snail (see also Common Snail), 249, 296, 360

Solitary Cricket, 309–310

Spanish Copris (see Copris)

Sparrow, 87–88, 183

Sparrow-hawk, 288

Sphex (see also Yellow-winged Sphex), 11

Sphingonotus cærulans 214n

Spider (see also the varieties), 145, 360

Spurge-moth, 438–439

Squid, 223n

Stone-chat (see Wheatear)

Swallow, 288, 355, 424 [453]

Swallow-tail, 303n

Swammerdam, Jan, 169

[Contents]

T

Teixeira de Mattos, Alexander, 11n, 92n, 100n, 109n, 120n, 136n, 245n, 255n

Theocritus, 249

Thomisus onustus, rotundatus (see Crab Spider)

Thompson, Benjamin (see Rumford)

Thrush, 257

Tiger, 53

Tiger-beetle, 307

Tiro-lengo (see Wryneck)

Toad, 278–285, 339

Topsell, Edward, 169n

Tortoise-beetle, 360

Tousserel, Alphonse, 360

Tree-frog (see Green Tree-frog)

Truxalis nasuta (see Tryxalis)

Tryxalis, 120–121, 124, 214n, 355, 372, 391–395

Turkey, 122, 357, 364, 369

[Contents]

V

Vine Ephippiger, 120, 214n, 238, 267–272, 294–299

Virgil, 249, 341, 351

Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de, 302n

[Contents]

W

Warbler, 183, 257, 445

Wasp, 11, 22, 183, 202, 322

Weevil, 360

Wheatear, 360–361

Whin-chat (see Wheatear)

White Cabbage Butterfly, 198–200

White-faced Decticus, viii, 120, 139, 211–274, 293–294

White-tail (see Wheatear)

Wild Boar, 257

Wolf, 3, 140, 186

Wood-louse, 183, 360

Wryneck, 188–189

[Contents]

X

Xiphidion, 266

[Contents]

Y

Yellow-winged Sphex, 323

Colophon

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