ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
Page 59.—Argemone Mexicana. Collected at Merodosia, Ill., with white flowers, by A. B. Seymour.
Page 75.—Insert after Cleome integrifolia—
C. spinòsa, L. Viscid-pubescent, 3–4° high; a pair of short stipular spines under the petiole of each leaf; leaflets 5–7, oblong-lanceolate; flowers large, rose-purple to white; stamens 2–3´ long; stipe of the linear pod about 2´ long. (C. pungens, Willd.)—An escape from cultivation, near Mt. Carmel, Ill. (Schneck), and in waste grounds southward; also on ballast. (Int. from Trop. Amer.)
Page 86.—Arenaria Grœnlandica. Found on Mt. Desert Island, Maine (Rand).
Page 87.—Stellaria borealis. In the mountains of northern N. J.
S. humifusa. This species has also been found on Cranberry Island, near Mt. Desert, Maine, by J. H. Redfield.
Page 91.—Under Talinum teretifolium add the character—style equalling the stamens.—Insert
2. T. calycìnum, Engelm. Leaves somewhat broader; flowers and capsules larger; stamens 30 or more; style twice longer than the stamens, declined.—Central Kan. to W. Tex.
Under Claytonia insert—
3. C. Chamissònis, Esch. Weak, procumbent or ascending, rooting below and perennial by lateral and terminal filiform runners; leaves several pairs, oblong-spatulate, 1–2´ long; inflorescence racemosely 1–9-flowered; petals pale rose-color; capsule small, 1–3-seeded.—In a cold ravine, Winona Co., Minn.; in the mountains from Colorado north and westward.
Page 211.—Hydrocotyle Americana. Add—propagating by filiform tuberiferous stolons.
Page 230.—Insert after the genus Dipsacus—
2. SCABIOSA, Tourn. Scabious.
Characters of Dipsacus, but the green leaves of the involucre and involucels not rigid nor spinescent. (Name from scabies, the itch, from its use as a remedy.)
S. austràlis, Wulf. Perennial, sparsely branched, nearly glabrous, 1½–3° high; leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear, the lower oblanceolate, slightly toothed or entire; heads short-oblong; calyx obtusely short-lobed; corolla pale blue.—Central N. Y. and Penn.; rare. (Adv. from Eu.)
Page 395.—After Orobanche minor insert—
O. ramòsa, L. Often branched, 6´ high or less, of a pale straw-color; flowers 3-bracteate, the lateral bracts small; calyx 4-toothed, split at the back; corolla pale blue, 6–8´´ long.—On the roots of hemp and tobacco; Ky. (Int. from Eu.)
Page 421.—After Lamium purpureum insert—
L. intermèdium, Fries. Resembling L. purpureum, but the calyx-teeth longer than the tube, the rather narrower corolla without a hairy ring within near the base, and the nutlet longer (3 times as long as broad).—Cultivated fields near Hingham, Mass. (C. J. Sprague). (Adv. from Eu.)
Page 427.—Insert in the generic key—
5. Cladothrix. Flowers perfect, minute, axillary. Densely white-tomentose.
Page 430.—Insert after the genus Frœlichia—
5. CLADÓTHRIX, Nutt.
Flowers perfect, 3-bracted. Sepals 5, erect, rigid-scarious, somewhat pilose. Stamens 5, the filaments united at base; anthers large, 1-celled. Stigma large, capitate, 2-lobed. Utricle globose, indehiscent.—Densely stellate-tomentose low herbs or woody at base, with opposite petiolate leaves and very small flowers solitary or few in the axils. (Name from κλάδος, a branch, and θρίξ, hair, for the branching tomentum.)
1. C. lanuginòsa, Nutt. Prostrate or ascending, much branched; leaves round-obovate to rhomboidal, 3–10´´ long.—Central Kan. (Meehan) and southwestward.
Page 435.—Salsola Kali. This species has been found in Emmet Co., Iowa (Cratty), at Yankton, Dak. (Bruhin), and in river-bottoms in N. W. Neb. and central Dak.
Page 437.—After Eriogonum annuum insert—
2. E. Allèni, Watson. Perennial, white-tomentose throughout, the tall scape-like stem repeatedly dichotomous above; radical leaves lanceolate, long-petiolate, the upper in whorls of 4 or 5, ovate to oblong-ovate, very shortly petiolate, much reduced above; involucres mostly sessile; flowers glabrous, yellow, the segments elliptical.—Near White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. (T. F. Allen).
Page 445.—Asarum Canadense. In this species there are rudimentary subulate petals, alternate with the calyx-lobes.
Page 463.—Celtis Mississippiensis. Common in low river-bottoms of W. Mo. (F. Bush); described as having a very smooth trunk, like a sycamore, and soft yellowish brittle wood, not coarse-grained as in C. occidentalis.
Page 491.—Under Pinus add—
10. P. ponderòsa, Dougl., var. scopulòrum, Engelm. Leaves in twos or usually threes from long sheaths, 3–6´ long, rather rigid; staminate flowers 1´ long; cones subterminal, 2–3´ long, oval, often 3–5 together, the prominent summit of the thick scales bearing a stout straight or incurved prickle.—Central Neb. and westward in the Rocky Mountains.—A large tree with very thick bark.
Page 514.—After Iris Caroliniana insert—
2a. I. hexágona, Walt. Stems flexuous, often low and slender (1–3° high), leafy; leaves much exceeding the stem, 6–12´´ broad; flowers solitary and sessile in the axils, large, deep blue, variegated with yellow, purple, and white; tube ½´ long; segments about 3´ long, the inner narrow; capsule oblong-cylindric, 6-angled, 2´ long—Prairies, Ky. (Short) to W. Mo. (Bush), and on the coast from S. Car. southward.
Page 515.—Sisyrinchium angustifolium. What appears to be a form of this species with pale yellow flowers is found near Independence, Mo. (Bush).
Page 516.—Under Zephyranthes Atamasco insert the synonym (Amaryllis Atamasco, L.).
Page 555.—Sagittaria teres has been collected also at Brewster, Mass. (Farlow).
Page 575.—After Eleocharis Torreyana insert—
13a. E. álbida, Torr. Like n. 12 and 13 in habit, somewhat stouter; spikelet dense, ellipsoidal or oblong, 1–4´´ long, acutish, with pale obtuse scales; achene very small, triangular-obovate, very smooth, with a broadly triangular tubercle upon a narrow base, shorter than or exceeding the reddish bristles.—Salt marshes, Northampton Co., Va. (Canby), and south to Fla. and Tex.
Page 653.—Trisetum subspicatum, var. molle, is reported from Roan Mt., N. C. (Scribner), and probably occurs on the higher Alleghanies northward.
Page 662.—After Melica diffusa insert—
3. M. Pórteri, Scribn. Tall and slender; panicle very narrow, the slender branches erect or the lower slightly divergent; pedicels flexuous or recurved, pubescent; glumes very unequal and shorter than the spikelet; fertile flowers 3–5, the glumes scabrous.—Mountains of Col. and southward; reported from Cass Co., Neb. (J. G. Smith).
Page 663.—Distichlis maritima. On alkaline soil in Neb., and very common in similar localities west and southwestward; chiefly the var. strícta, Thurb., with setaceously convolute leaves, the many- (10–20-) flowered spikelets in a loose panicle.
LIST OF ORDERS,
WITH THE NUMBER OF GENERA AND SPECIES,
NATIVE AND INTRODUCED.
Total of Genera 963
Total of Species 3298
GLOSSARY.
Abnormal. Differing from the normal or usual structure.
Abortion. Imperfect development or non-development of an organ.
Abortive. Defective or barren.
Acaulescent. Stemless or apparently so.
Accumbent (cotyledon). Having the edges against the radicle.
Acerb. Sour and astringent.
Achene. A small, dry and hard, 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehiscent fruit.
Achlamydeous. Without calyx or corolla.
Acicular. Slender needle-shaped.
Acrogenous. Growing from the apex by a terminal bud or by the apical cell only.
Aculeate. Prickly, beset with prickles.
Aculeolate. Beset with diminutive prickles.
Acuminate. Tapering at the end.
Acute. Terminating with a sharp or well-defined angle.
Æstivation. The arrangement of the parts of the perianth in the bud.
Adnate. United, as the inferior ovary with the calyx-tube. Adnate anther, one attached for its whole length to the inner or outer face of the filament.
Adventive. Recently or imperfectly naturalized.
Alate. Winged.
Albumen. Any deposit of nutritive material accompanying the embryo.
Albuminous. Having albumen.
Alliaceous. Having the smell or taste of garlic.
Alternate. Not opposite to each other, as sepals and petals, or as leaves upon a stem.
Alveolate. Honeycombed, having angular depressions separated by thin partitions.
Ament. A catkin, or peculiar scaly unisexual spike.
Amphitropous (ovule or seed). Half-inverted and straight, with the hilum lateral.
Amplexicaul. Clasping the stem.
Anastomosing. Connecting by cross-veins and forming a network.
Anatropous (ovule). Inverted and straight, with the micropyle next the hilum and the radicle consequently inferior.
Androgynous (inflorescence). Composed of both staminate and pistillate flowers.
-androus. In composition, having stamens.
Angiospermous. Having the seeds borne within a pericarp.
Annual. Of only one year's duration. Winter annual, a plant from autumn-sown seed which blooms and fruits in the following spring.
Annular. In the form of a ring.
Anterior. On the front side of a flower and next the bract, remote from the axis of inflorescence, equivalent to inferior and (less properly) exterior.
Anther. The polliniferous part of a stamen.
Antheridium. In Cryptogams, the organ corresponding to an anther.
Antheriferous. Anther-bearing.
Antherizoid. One of the minute organs developed in an antheridium, corresponding to pollen-grains.
Anthesis. The time of expansion of a flower.
Apetalous. Having no petals.
Apical. Situated at the apex or tip.
Apiculate. Ending in a short pointed tip.
Appressed. Lying close and flat against.
Aquatic. Growing in water.
Arachnoid. Cobwebby, of slender entangled hairs.
Archegonium. The organ corresponding to a pistil in the higher Cryptogams.
Arcuate. Moderately curved.
Areolate. Marked out into small spaces, reticulate.
Aril. An appendage growing at or about the hilum of a seed.
Arillate. Having an aril.
Articulate. Jointed; having a node or joint.
Ascending. Rising somewhat obliquely, or curving upward. Ascending ovule, one that is attached above the base of the ovary and is directed upward.
Assurgent. Ascending.
Attenuate. Slenderly tapering, becoming very narrow.
Auricle. An ear-shaped appendage.
Auriculate. Furnished with auricles.
Awl-shaped. Narrowed upward from the base to a slender or rigid point.
Awn. A bristle-shaped appendage.
Axil. The angle formed by a leaf or branch with the stem.
Axillary. Situated in an axil.
Axis. The central line of any organ or support of a group of organs; a stem, etc.
Baccate. Berry like; pulpy throughout.
Barbed. Furnished with rigid points or short bristles, usually reflexed like the barb of a fish-hook.
Barbellate. Finely barbed.
Barbulate. Finely bearded.
Basal, Basilar. At or pertaining to the base.
Basifixed. Attached by the base.
Beaked. Ending in a beak or prolonged tip.
Bearded. Bearing a long awn, or furnished with long or stiff hairs.
Berry. A fruit the whole pericarp of which is fleshy or pulpy.
Bi- or Bis-. A Latin prefix signifying two, twice, or doubly.
Bidentate. Having two teeth.
Biennial. Of two years' duration.
Bifid. Two-cleft.
Bilabiate. Two-lipped.
Bilocellate. Having two secondary cells.
Bilocular. Two-celled.
Bisexual. Having both stamens and pistils.
Bladdery. Thin and inflated.
Blade. The limb or expanded portion of a leaf, etc.
Bract. A more or less modified leaf subtending a flower or belonging to an inflorescence, or sometimes cauline.
Bracteate. Having bracts.
Bracteolate. Having bractlets.
Bracteose. With numerous or conspicuous bracts.
Bractlet. A secondary bract, as one upon the pedicel of a flower.
Bristle. A stiff hair or any similar outgrowth.
Bud. The rudimentary state of a stem or branch; an unexpanded flower.
Bulb. A subterranean leaf-bud with fleshy scales or coats.
Bulbiferous. Bearing bulbs.
Bulblet. A small bulb, especially one borne upon the stem.
Bulbous. Having the character of a bulb.
Caducous. Falling off very early.
Calcarate. Produced into or having a spur.
Callus. A hard protuberance or callosity.
Calyculate. Having bracts around the calyx imitating an outer calyx.
Calyptra. The membranous hood or covering of the capsule in Hepaticæ and Mosses.
Calyx. The outer perianth of the flower.
Campanulate. Bell-shaped; cup-shaped with a broad base.
Campylospermous. Having seeds with longitudinally involute margins, as in some Umbelliferæ.
Campylotropous (ovule or seed). So curved as to bring the apex and base nearly together.
Canaliculate. Longitudinally channelled.
Canescent. Hoary with gray pubescence.
Capitate. Shaped like a head; collected into a head or dense cluster.
Capitellate. Collected into a small head.
Capsular. Belonging to or of the nature of a capsule.
Capsule. A dry dehiscent fruit composed of more than one carpel; the spore-case of Hepaticæ, etc.
Capsuliferous. Capsule-bearing.
Carinate. Having a keel or a projecting longitudinal medial line on the lower surface.
Carpel. A simple pistil, or one member of a compound pistil.
Cartilaginous. Of the texture of cartilage; firm and tough.
Caruncle. An excrescence or appendage at or about the hilum of a seed.
Carunculate. Having a caruncle.
Caryopsis. A grain, as of grasses; a seed-like fruit with a thin pericarp adnate to the contained seed.
Castaneous. Of a chestnut color; brown.
Catkin. An ament.
Caudate. Having a slender tail-like appendage.
Caudex. The persistent base of an otherwise annual herbaceous stem.
Caulescent. Having a manifest stem.
Cauline. Belonging to the stem.
Cavernous. Hollow; full of air-cavities.
Cell. One of the minute vesicles, of very various forms, of which plants are formed. Any structure containing a cavity, as the cells of an anther, ovary, etc.
Cellular (tissue). Composed of short transparent thin-walled cells, in distinction from fibrous or vascular.
Cespitose. Growing in tufts; forming mats or turf.
Chaff. A small thin scale or bract, becoming dry and membranous.
Chaffy. Having or resembling chaff.
Channelled. Deeply grooved longitudinally, like a gutter.
Chartaceous. Having the texture of writing-paper.
Chlorophyll. The green grains within the cells of plants.
Chlorophyllose. Containing chlorophyll.
Ciliate. Marginally fringed with hairs.
Ciliolate. Minutely ciliate.
Cinereous. Ash-color.
Circinate. Coiled from the top downward, as the young frond of a fern.
Circumscissile. Dehiscing by a regular transverse circular line of division.
Clavate. Club-shaped; gradually thickened upward.
Cleistogamous. Fertilized in the bud, without the opening of the flower.
Cleft. Cut about to the middle.
Climbing. Ascending by laying hold of surrounding objects for support.
Cluster. Any assemblage of flowers on a plant.
Clustered. Collected in a bunch of any sort.
Coalescence. The union of parts or organs of the same kind.
Coccus (pl. Cocci). One of the parts into which a lobed fruit with 1-seeded cells splits.
Cochleate. Spiral, like a snail-shell.
Cohesion. The union of one organ with another.
Columella. The persistent axis of some capsules, spore-cases, etc.
Columnar. Like a column.
Commissure. The surface by which one carpel joins another, as in the Umbelliferæ.
Comose. Furnished with a coma or tuft of hairs.
Complicate. Folded upon itself.
Compound. Composed of 2 or more similar parts united into one whole. Compound leaf, one divided into separate leaflets.
Compressed. Flattened laterally.
Conceptacle. In some Cryptogams a case or receptacle containing the organs of fructification.
Conduplicate. Folded together lengthwise.
Confluent. Running into each other; blended into one.
Coniferous. Cone-bearing.
Connate. United congenitally.
Connective. The portion of a stamen which connects the two cells of the anther.
Connivent. Coming into contact; converging.
Conoidal. Nearly conical.
Convergent. Approaching each other.
Convolute. Rolled up longitudinally.
Cordate. Heart-shaped with the point upward.
Coriaceous. Leathery in texture.
Corm. The enlarged fleshy base of a stem, bulb-like but solid.
Corolla. The inner perianth, of distinct or connate petals.
Coroniform. Shaped like a crown.
Corrugate. Wrinkled or in folds.
Corymb. A flat-topped or convex open flower-cluster, in the stricter use of the word equivalent to a contracted raceme and progressing in its flowering from the margin inward.
Corymbose. In corymbs, or corymb-like.
Cosmopolite. Found in most parts of the globe (of plants).
Costa. A rib; a midrib or mid-nerve.
Costate. Ribbed; having one or more longitudinal ribs or nerves.
Cotyledons. The foliar portion or first leaves (one, two, or more) of the embryo as found in the seed.
Crateriform. In the shape of a saucer or cup, hemispherical or more shallow.
Creeping. Running along or under the ground and rooting.
Crenate. Dentate with the teeth much rounded.
Crenulate. Finely crenate.
Crested, Cristate. Bearing an elevated appendage resembling a crest.
Crown. An inner appendage to a petal, or to the throat of a corolla.
Cruciate. Cross-shaped.
Crustaceous. Of hard and brittle texture.
Cucullate. Hooded or hood-shaped; cowled.
Culm. The peculiar stem of sedges and grasses.
Cuneate. Wedge-shaped; triangular with the acute angle downward.
Cuspidate. Tipped with a cusp, or sharp and rigid point.
Cylindraceous. Somewhat or nearly cylindrical.
Cyme. A usually broad and flattish determinate inflorescence, i.e. with its central or terminal flowers blooming earliest.
Cymose. Bearing cymes or cyme-like.
Deciduous. Not persistent; not evergreen.
Decompound. More than once compound or divided.
Decumbent. Reclining, but with the summit ascending.
Decurrent (leaf). Extending down the stem below the insertion.
Decurved. Curved downward.
Decussate. Alternating in pairs at right angles, or in threes.
Definite. Of a constant number, not exceeding twenty.
Deflexed. Bent or turned abruptly downward.
Dehiscent. Opening regularly by valves, slits, etc., as a capsule or anther.
Deltoid. Shaped like the Greek letter Δ
Dentate. Toothed, usually with the teeth directed outward.
Denticulate. Minutely dentate.
Depressed. Somewhat flattened from above.
Di-, Dis-. A Greek prefix signifying two or twice.
Diadelphous (stamens). Combined in two sets.
Diandrous. Having two stamens.
Dicarpellary. Composed of two carpels.
Dichotomous. Forking regularly by pairs.
Dicotyledonous. Having two cotyledons.
Didymous. Twin; found in pairs.
Didynamous (stamens). In two pairs of unequal length.
Diffuse. Widely or loosely spreading.
Digitate. Compound, with the members borne in a whorl at the apex of the support.
Dimerous (flower). Having all the parts in twos.
Dimidiate. In halves, as if one half were wanting.
Dimorphous. Occurring in two forms.
Diœcious. Unisexual, with the two kinds of flowers on separate plants.
Discoid. Resembling a disk. Discoid head, in Compositæ, one without ray-flowers.
Disk. A development of the receptacle at or around the base of the pistil. In Compositæ, the tubular flowers of the head as distinct from the ray.
Dissected. Cut or divided into numerous segments.
Dissepiment. A partition in an ovary or fruit.
Distichous. In two vertical ranks.
Distinct. Separate; not united, evident.
Divaricate. Widely divergent.
Divergent. Inclined away from each other.
Divided. Lobed to the base.
Dorsal. Upon or relating to the back or outer surface of an organ.
Drupaceous. Resembling or of the nature of a drupe.
Drupe. A fleshy or pulpy fruit with the inner portion of the pericarp (1-celled and 1-seeded, or sometimes several-celled) hard or stony.
Drupelet. A diminutive drupe.