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The Manufacture of Chocolate and other Cacao Preparations

Chapter 59: B. Tables.
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About This Book

An authoritative technical handbook surveys the cacao tree, its fruit and commercial bean varieties, tracing cultivation, harvest, fermentation and postharvest handling. It analyzes the beans' chemical composition and shell constituents, explaining how moisture, fat, pigment, theobromine and other components affect processing and product quality. Detailed, step-by-step treatment of industrial manufacture covers storage, cleaning, roasting, hulling, mixing, refining, conching and the production of cocoa mass, butter, powders, soluble preparations and chocolate confections, illustrated with machinery descriptions and practical procedures. The book also treats analytical methods, legal and economic considerations, trade statistics and quality control, offering tables, plates and appendices for manufacturers, engineers and food analysts.

A. Index to literature.

In the following list are specified in chronological order only those works and memoirs which refer to the culture of cacao and the manufacture of cacao preparations. The remaining literature on the subject, so far as it refers to the scientific side, has already been mentioned in the form of footnotes.

a) Cultivation.

Jumelle Henry, Le Cacaoyer, sa culture et son exploitation dans tous les pays de production, Paris 1900.

J. Hinchley Hart, F. L. S., Cacao, A treatise on the cultivation and curing of cacao. II. Edition. Trinidad 1900.

b) Technology.

Dictionnaire technologique ou nouveau Dictionnaire universel des arts et métiers et de l’économie industrielle par une société de savans et d’artistes. Paris 1823 et 1824. Tomes 4 et 5.

J. J. R. von Prechtl’s Technologische Encyclopädie, Stuttgart Bd. III und Supplement-Bd. II. Stuttgart 1859.

Mitscherlich, A., Der Kakao und die Schokolade. Berlin 1859.

Zipperer, P., Die Neuerungen in der Fabrikation von Schokoladen und diesen verwandten diätetischen Produkten. Chemiker-Zeitung 1892 No. 58; 1893 No. 54; 1895 No. 21.

Gordian, A., Die deutsche Schokoladen-und Zuckerwaren-Industrie. Hamburg 1895.

Gordian, Zeitschrift für die Kakao-, Schokoladen und Zuckerwaren-Industrie etc., Hamburg, seit 1896.

De Belfort de la Roque, L., Guide practique de la Fabrication du chocolat. Paris 1895.

Filsinger, F., Fortschritte in der Fabrikation von Schokolade und ihr verwandten diätetischen Präparaten in den Jahren 1895-1899, Chemiker-Zeitung 1897, No. 22 des Jahres 1897; ibid. 1898, No. 42 des Jahres 1898; des Jahres 1899, ibid. 1899, No. 48.

Spamer’s, O., Buch der Erfindungen, Gewerbe und Industrieen. Leipzig 1897, Band IV.

Muspratt’s Theoretische, praktische und analytische Chemie in Anwendung auf Künste und Gewerbe, begonnen von F. Stohmann und B. Kerl, herausgegeben von H. Bunte. Braunschweig 1898, Bd. VI.

Villon, A. M., Dictionnaire de Chimie industrielle, contenant les applications de la chimie à l’industrie, à la metallurgie, à l’agriculture, à la pharmacie, à la pyrotechnie et aux arts et métiers. Paris 1898, Tome premier.

Luegers, O., Lexikon der gesamten Technik und ihrer Hilfswissenschaften. Stuttgart und Leipzig 1899.

Ettling, Der Kakao, seine Kultur und Bereitung, Berlin 1903.

Kindt, Die Kultur des Kakaobaues und seine Schädlinge. Hamburg 1904.

Faber, Dr. F. C. von, Die Krankheiten und Parasiten des Kakaobaums. Berlin 1909. (Arb. aus der Kais. Biolog. Anstalt f. Landund Forstwissenschaft).


B. Tables.

Table
1. German Imports and Exports of cacao products 1907-1910 35
2. Imports in Germany 1900-1908 37
3. Imports or Consumption in the various countries 38
4/5. Analysis of hulled bean 43/44
6/7. Analysis of raw shelled bean (kernel) 44/45
8. Analysis of Ridenour 45
9. Analysis of roasted, shelled cacao (Matthes & Müller) 46
10. Analysis of commoner varieties of cacao (Matthes & Müller) 47
11. Analysis of cacao (defatted and free from alcali) 48
12. Physical and chemical analysis of the various kinds of pressed Stollwerck Cacao Butter (Fritzsche) 56
13. Constituents of different fats and oils contained in cacao 58
14. Analysis of the ash of cacao beans by R. Bensemann 74
15. Composition of cacao shells (Laube & Aldendorff) 76
16. Analysis of unroasted cacao husks (Zipperer) 76
17. Constituents contained in the ash of roasted cacao husks by R. Bensemann 77
18. Fodder value of cacao husks (Maercker) 83
19. Percentage of butter to be extracted 203
20. Percentage of butter remaining in the finished cacao powder 204
21. Adulteration and their detection 289