|
Page |
| Fig. 1. |
Branch of cacao tree with blossom and leaves |
2 |
| Fig. 2. |
Fruit and single seeds in long and cross section |
3 |
| Fig. 3. |
Cross section of the cacao shell (enlarged) |
14 |
| Fig. 4. |
Cross section of edge of seed leaf (enlarged) |
15 |
| Fig. 5. |
Graph showing consumption of raw cacao |
40/41 |
| Fig. 6. |
Graph per head of population in Germany |
42 |
| Fig. 7. |
Grains and starch in cacao bean (section of ariba, enlarged 750 times) |
70 |
| Fig. 8. |
Plan of cacao shell (enlarged) |
80 |
| Fig. 9. |
Spongy paranchyma (enlarged) |
80 |
| Fig. 10. |
Dry cells or skereides (enlarged) |
80 |
| Fig. 11. |
Silver membrane with Mitscherlich particles (enlarged) |
81 |
| Fig. 12. |
Preliminary cleansing machine (J. M. Lehmann) |
90 |
| Fig. 13. |
Preliminary cleansing machine (J. M. Lehmann) |
91 |
| Fig. 13a. |
Brushing machine for cacao beans (Bauermeister) |
92 |
| Fig. 14. |
Cylindrical roasting machine (Lehmann) |
93 |
| Fig. 14. |
and b. Same in section |
94/95 |
| Fig. 15. |
a and b. Spherical safety roasters (Bauermeister) |
96/97 |
| Fig. 16. |
Roaster with gas heating (Lehmann) |
98 |
| Fig. 17. |
Cooling carriage with exhauster (Lehmann) |
99 |
| Fig. 18. |
Crusher and cleanser (Lehmann) |
101 |
| Fig. 19. |
Dust cleanser (Lehmann) |
103 |
| Fig. 20. |
Electro-magnetic selecting machine (Lehmann) |
104 |
| Fig. 21. |
Seed picking machine (Lehmann) |
105 |
|
| Fig. 22. |
Seed picking (sectional drawing) |
106 |
| Fig. 23. |
Simple cacao mill (Lehmann) |
110 |
| Fig. 24a. |
Triple cacao mill (Lehmann) |
111 |
| Fig. 24b. |
Triple cacao mill (Bauermeister) |
112 |
| Fig. 24c. |
Triple cacao mill (Franke) |
113 |
| Fig. 25. |
Fourfold cacao mill (Lehmann) |
115 |
| Fig. 26. |
Cacao mill and roller apparatus combined (Bauermeister) |
116 |
| Fig. 27. |
Warming through (Lehmann) |
117 |
| Fig. 28. |
Preliminary mixing machine (Lehmann) |
118 |
| Fig. 29. |
First melangeur (Hermann) |
119 |
| Fig. 30. |
Design of modern melangeur (Franke) |
121 |
| Fig. 31. |
Modern melangeur with outlet at side (Lehmann) |
122 |
| Fig. 32. |
Larger melangeur with cover and outlet (Lehmann) |
124 |
| Fig. 33a. |
Design of first roller machine, front elevation (Savy) |
125 |
| Fig 33b. |
do. Plan |
125 |
| Fig. 34. |
Later machine (Savy) |
126 |
| Fig. 35. |
Modern six roller machine by Lehmann |
127 |
| Fig. 36. |
Nine roller apparatus (Bauermeister) |
128 |
| Fig. 37. |
Same in design |
129 |
| Fig. 38. |
Three roller machine with cast iron rollers (Lehmann) |
130 |
| Fig. 39. |
2 three roller machines, attached to a “Battery” |
130 |
| Fig. 40. |
Three roller machine with cast iron rollers (Franke) |
131 |
| Fig. 41. |
and b. Four and five roller machines with cast iron rollers (Lehmann) |
132/3 |
| Fig. 41c. |
Five roller machine with cast iron rollers (Bauermeister) |
134 |
|
| Fig. 42. |
Three roller machine with electric motor (Lehmann) |
135 |
| Fig. 43. |
Front elevation of triturating machine (Conche) by Franke |
138 |
| Fig. 43a. |
Conche (Lehmann) |
139 |
| Fig. 44. |
Conche room (Lehmann) |
140 |
| Fig. 45. |
Warming closet with steam heating (Lehmann) |
142 |
| Fig. 46. |
Small melangeur with one runner (Lehmann) |
143 |
| Fig. 47. |
Do. modern construction (Lehmann) |
144 |
| Fig. 48. |
Modern tempering machine (Lehmann) |
145 |
| Fig. 49. |
Design of air exhausting machine (Lehmann) |
147 |
| Fig. 50. |
Air exhausting machine (Lehmann) |
147 |
| Fig. 51. |
and b. Chocolate dividing machines (Lehmann and Bauermeister) |
148/9 |
| Fig. 52. |
Moulding and layering machine (Lehmann) |
150 |
| Fig. 53. |
Reiche’s mould cleansing and polishing machine |
155 |
| Fig. 54. |
Design of shaking table |
156 |
| Fig. 55. |
do, (Lehmann) |
157 |
| Fig. 56. |
do, (Lehmann) |
157 |
| Fig. 57. |
do, modern construction (Lehmann) |
158 |
| Fig. 57a. |
do, Front elevation |
159 |
| Fig. 58, |
58 a. and b. Shaking table batteries (Lehmann) |
160/1 |
| Fig. 59. |
a. and b. Cooling plant (Wegelin & Hübner) |
1655/6 |
| Fig. 60. |
do, perspective |
167 |
| Fig. 61. |
Modern air cooling apparatus (Escher, Wyss & Co.) |
169 |
| Fig. 62. |
Cooling plant of Cole’s Arctic Patent Dry Cold Air Machine |
170 |
| Fig. 63. |
a. and b. Cooling chambers by Lehmann |
173/4 |
| Fig. 63c. |
Automatic moulding and cooling plant by Lehmann |
175 |
| Fig. 64/65. |
Pastille machines (Reiche) |
177 |
|
| Fig. 66a-i. |
Moulds to these machines |
178 |
| Fig. 67. |
Pastille machines for thin chocolate material (Reiche) |
179 |
| Fig. 68. |
Pastille and praliné metal hurdle (Reiche) |
180 |
| Fig. 69. |
Mould metal Durabula Reiche |
181 |
| Fig. 70. |
Fondant machine (Lehmann) |
183 |
| Fig. 71. |
do, modern construction (Lehmann) |
184 |
| Fig. 72. |
Fondant casting machine (Lehmann) |
185 |
| Fig. 73. |
Fondant powdering off machine, for hurdles (Lehmann) |
186 |
| Fig. 74. |
do, non-stop (Lehmann) |
187 |
| Fig. 75. |
Coating machine (Lehmann) |
188 |
| Fig. 76. |
Stirring apparatus for coating material (Lehmann) |
188 |
| Fig. 77/78. |
Coating or dipping machines (Reiche) |
189 |
| Fig. 79/80. |
Grating to these |
190/1 |
| Fig. 81. |
Modern dipping machine constructed by Lehmann |
193 |
| Fig. 82. |
Cacao press, 400 atmospheres (Lehmann) |
201 |
| Fig. 83a. |
Cacao butter filter, design (Hänig & Co.) |
202 |
| Fig. 84. |
Cacao press on larger scale (Lehmann) |
205 |
| Fig. 84a. |
Pump for cacao press (Lehmann) |
206 |
| Fig. 84b. |
Cacao cake crusher (Seek) |
207 |
| Fig. 85a. |
do, (Bauermeister) |
208 |
| Fig. 85b. |
do, (Lehmann) |
209 |
| Fig. 86. |
Pulveriser (Lehmann) |
210 |
| Fig. 87. |
Pulverising and sifting machine (Lehmann) |
211 |
| Fig. 88. |
Centrifugal sifting machine, modern construction (Lehmann) |
213 |
| Fig. 89. |
Automatic pulverising plant (Lehmann) |
215 |
| Fig. 90a. |
Mixing machine (Lehmann) |
217 |
|
| Fig. 90b. |
Universal kneading and mixing machine (Werner & Pfleiderer) |
218 |
| Fig. 91a. |
Vacuum kneader, closed (Werner & Pfleiderer) |
219 |
| Fig. 91b. |
Vacuum kneader, open and upturned (Werner & Pfleiderer) |
221 |
| Fig. 92. |
Filling and packing machine |
229 |
| Fig. 93. |
do, “Triumph” (Fritz Kilian) |
229 |
| Fig. 94. |
Edge-runner mill |
231 |
| Fig. 95. |
Drum sifting machine (Lehmann) |
232 |
|
| Fig. 96. |
Combined sugar-grinding and sifting apparatus (Lehmann) |
233 |
| Fig. 97. |
Spice and stamping apparatus (Lehmann) |
239 |
| Fig. 98. |
Pulverising mill (Savy) |
240 |
| Fig. 99. |
Sifting machine (Savy) |
241 |
| Fig. 100. |
Parenchyma of the cotyledon, enlarged |
275 |
| Fig. 101. |
Cocoa powder, enlarged |
276 |
| Fig. 102. |
do, enlarged |
277 |
| Plate I. |
The Cacao Tree |
| Plate II: |
Chocolate factory (design) |
305 |
| Plate III: |
Cocoa powder factory (design) |
306 |
