LETTER CLXIII.—TO COLONEL HUMPHREYS, March 14, 1786

TO COLONEL HUMPHREYS.

London, March 14, 1786.

Dear Sir,

I have been honoured with your letter, in which you mention to me your intention of returning to America in the April packet. It is with sincere concern that I meet this event, as it deprives me not only of your aid in the office in which we have been joined, but also of your society, which has been to me a source of the greatest satisfaction. I think myself bound to return you my thanks for it, and, at the same time, to bear testimony, that in the discharge of the office of Secretary of Legation to the several commissions, you have fulfilled all its duties with readiness, propriety, and fidelity. I sincerely wish, that on your return, our country may avail itself of your talents in the public service, and that you may be willing so to employ them. You carry with you my wishes for your prosperity, and a desire of being instrumental to it: and I hope, that in every situation in which we may be placed, you will freely command and count on my services. I will beg to be favored with your letters, whenever it is convenient. You have seen our want of intelligence here, and well know the nature of that which will be useful or agreeable. I fear I shall have little interesting to give you in return; but such news as my situation affords, you shall be sure to receive. I pray you to be the bearer of the enclosed letter to Mr. Jay, to accept my wishes for a favorable passage, a happy meeting with your friends, and for every future felicity which this life can afford, being with the greatest esteem, Dear Sir,

your sincere friend

and most humble servant,

Th: Jefferson.

APPENDIX.

[NOTE A.]—TO THE GOVERNOR OF VIRGINIA.

Kaskaskias, Illinois, April 29,1779.

Dear Sir,

A few days ago, I received certain intelligence of William Morris, my express to you, being killed near the falls of Ohio, news truly disagreeable to me, as I fear many of my letters will fall into the hands of the enemy, at Detroit, although some of them, as I learn, were found in the woods torn in pieces. I do not doubt but before the receipt of this, you will have heard of my late success against Governor Hamilton, at post St. Vincenne. That gentleman, with a body of men, possessed himself of that post on the 15th of December last, repaired the fortifications for a repository, and in the spring, meant to attack this place, which he made no doubt of carrying; where he was to be joined by two hundred Indians from Michilimackinac, and five hundred Cherokees, Chickasaws, and other nations. With this body, he was to penetrate up the Ohio to Fort Pitt, sweeping Kentucky on his way, having light brass cannon for the purpose, joined on his march by all the Indians that could be got to him. He made no doubt, that he could force all West Augusta. This expedition was ordered by the commander in chief of Canada. Destruction seemed to hover over us from every quarter; detached parties of the enemy were in the neighborhood every day, but afraid to attack. I ordered Major Bowman to evacuate the fort at the Cohas, and join me immediately, which he did. Having not received a scrape of a pen from you, for near twelve months, I could see but little probability of keeping possession of the country, as my number of men was too small to stand a siege, and my situation too remote to call for assistance. I made all the preparations I possibly could for the attack, and was necessitated to set fire to some of the houses in town, to clear them out of the way. But in the height of the hurry, a Spanish merchant, who had been at St. Vincenne, arrived, and gave the following intelligence: that Mr. Hamilton had weakened himself, by sending his Indians against the frontiers, and to block up the Ohio; that he had not more than eighty men in garrison, three pieces of cannon, and some swivels mounted; and that he intended to attack this place, as soon as the winter opened, and made no doubt of clearing the western waters by the fall. My situation and circumstances induced me to fall on the resolution of attacking him, before he could collect his Indians again. I was sensible the resolution was as desperate as my situation, but I saw no other probability of securing the country. I immediately despatched a small galley, which I had fitted up, mounting two four-pounders and four swivels, with a company of men and necessary stores on board, with orders to force her way, if possible, and station herself a few miles below the enemy, suffer nothing to pass her, and wait for further orders. In the mean time, I marched across the country with one hundred and thirty men, being all I could raise, after leaving this place garrisoned by the militia. The inhabitants of the country behaved exceedingly well, numbers of young men turned out on the expedition, and every other one embodied to guard the different towns. I marched the 7th of February. Although so small a body, it took me sixteen days on the route. The inclemency of the season, high waters, &c. seemed to threaten the loss of the expedition. When within three leagues of the enemy, in a direct line, it took us five days to cross the drowned lands of the Wabash river, having to wade often upwards of two leagues, to our breast in water. Had not the weather been warm, we must have perished. But on the evening of the 23rd, we got on dry land, in sight of the enemy; and at seven o’clock, made the attack, before they knew any thing of us. The town immediately surrendered with joy, and assisted in the siege. There was a continual fire on both sides, for eighteen hours. I had no expectation of gaining the fort until the arrival of my artillery. The moon setting about one o’clock, I had an entrenchment thrown up within rifle-shot of their strongest battery, and poured such showers of well directed balls into their ports, that we silenced two pieces of cannon in fifteen minutes, without getting a man hurt.

Governor Hamilton and myself had, on the following day, several conferences, but did not agree until the evening, when he agreed to surrender the garrison (seventy-nine in number) prisoners of war, with considerable stores. I got only one man wounded; not being able to lose many, I made them secure themselves well. Seven were badly wounded in the fort, through ports. In the height of this action, an Indian party that had been to war, and taken two prisoners, came in, not knowing of us. Hearing of them, I despatched a party to give them battle in the commons, and got nine of them, with the two prisoners, who proved to be Frenchmen. Hearing of a convoy of goods from Detroit, I sent a party of sixty men, in armed boats well mounted with swivels, to meet them, before they could receive any intelligence. They met the convoy forty leagues up the river, and made a prize of the whole, taking forty prisoners, and about ten thousand pounds’ worth of goods and provisions; also the mail from Canada to Governor Hamilton, containing, however, no news of importance. But what crowned the general joy, was the arrival of William Morris, my express to you, with your letters, which gave general satisfaction. The soldiery, being made sensible of the gratitude of their country for their services, were so much elated, that they would have attempted the reduction of Detroit, had I ordered them. Having more prisoners than I knew what to do with, I was obliged to discharge a greater part of them on parole. Mr. Hamilton, his principal officers, and a few soldiers, I have sent to Kentucky, under convoy of Captain Williams, in order to be conducted to you. After despatching Morris with letters to you, treating with the neighboring Indians, &c, I returned to this place, leaving a sufficient garrison at St. Vincenne.

During my absence, Captain Robert George, who now commands the company formerly commanded by Captain Willing, had returned from New Orleans, which greatly added to our strength. It gave great satisfaction to the inhabitants, when acquainted with the protection which was given them, the alliance with France, &c. I am impatient for the arrival of Colonel Montgomery, but have heard nothing of him lately. By your instructions to me, I find you put no confidence in General M’Intosh’s taking Detroit, as you encourage me to attempt it, if possible. It has been twice in my power. Had I been able to raise only five hundred men when I first arrived in the country, or when I was at St. Vincenne, could I have secured my prisoners, and only have had three hundred good men, I should have attempted it, and since learn there could have been no doubt of success, as by some gentlemen, lately from that post, we are informed that the town and country kept three days in feasting and diversions on hearing of my success against Mr. Hamilton, and were so certain of my embracing the fair opportunity of possessing myself of that post, that the merchants and others provided many necessaries for us on our arrival; the garrison, consisting of only eighty men, not daring to stop their diversions. They are now completing a new fort, and I fear too strong for any force I shall ever be able to raise in this country. We are proud to hear Congress intends putting their forces on the frontiers, under your direction. A small army from Pittsburg, conducted with spirit, may easily take Detroit, and put an end to the Indian war. Those Indians who are active against us, are the Six Nations, part of the Shawnese, the Meamonies, and about half the Chesaweys, Ottawas, Jowaas, and Pottawatimas nations, bordering on the lakes. Those nations, who have treated with me, have behaved since very well, to wit, the Peankishaws, Kiccapoos, Orcaottenans of the Wabash river, the Kaskias, Perrians, Mechigamies, Foxes, Sacks, Opays, Illinois, and Poues, nations of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. Part of the Chesaweys have also treated, and are peaceable. I continually keep agents among them, to watch their motions and keep them peaceably inclined. Many of the Cherokees, Chickasaws, and their confederates, are, I fear, ill disposed. It would be well if Colonel Montgomery should give them a dressing, as he comes down the Tennessee. There can be no peace expected from many nations, while the English are at Detroit. I strongly suspect they will turn their arms against the Illinois, as they will be encouraged. I shall always be on my guard, watching every opportunity to take the advantage of the enemy, and, if I am ever able to muster six or seven hundred men, I shall give them a shorter distance to come and fight me, than at this place.

There is one circumstance very distressing, that of our money’s being discredited, to all intents and purposes, by the great number of traders who come here in my absence, each outbidding the other, giving prices unknown in this country by five hundred per cent., by which the people conceived it to be of no value, and both French and Spaniards refused to take a farthing of it. Provision is three times the price it was two months past, and to be got by no other means than my own bonds, goods, or force. Several merchants are now advancing considerable sums of their own property, rather than the service should suffer, by which I am sensible they must lose greatly, unless some method is taken to raise the credit of our coin, or a fund be sent to Orleans, for the payment of the expenses of this place, which should at once reduce the price of every species of provision; money being of little service to them, unless it would pass at the ports they trade at. I mentioned to you, my drawing some bills on Mr. Pollock in New Orleans, as I had no money with me. He would accept the bills, but had not money to pay them off, though the sums were trifling; so that we have little credit to expect from that quarter. I shall take every step I possibly can, for laying up a sufficient quantity of provisions, and hope you will immediately send me an express with your instructions. Public expenses in this country have hitherto been very low, and may still continue so, if a correspondence is fixed at New Orleans for payment of expenses in this country, or gold and silver sent. I am glad to hear of Colonel Todd’s appointment. I think government has taken the only step they could have done, to make this country flourish, and be of service to them. No other regulation would have suited the people. The last account I had of Colonel Rogers, was his being in New Orleans, with six of his men. The rest he left at the Spanish Ozack, above the Natches. I shall immediately send him some provisions, as I learn he is in great want. I doubt he will not be able to get his goods up the river except in Spanish bottoms. One regiment would be able to clear the Mississippi, and to do great damage to the British interest in Florida, and by properly conducting themselves might perhaps gain the affection of the people, so as to raise a sufficient force to give a shock to Pensacola. Our alliance with France has entirely devoted this people to our interest. I have sent several copies of the articles to Detroit, and do not doubt but they will produce the desired effect. Your instructions, I shall pay implicit regard to, and hope to conduct myself in such a manner as to do honor to my country.

I am, with the greatest respect,

your humble servant,

G. R. Clarke.

P. S. I understand there is a considerable quantity of cannon ball at Pittsburg. We are much in want of four and six pound ball. I hope you will immediately order some down.

IN COUNCIL, June 18, 1779

The board proceeded to the consideration of the letters of Colonel Clarke, and other papers relating to Henry Hamilton, Esq. who has acted for some years past as Lieutenant Governor of the settlement at and about Detroit, and commandant of the British garrison there, under Sir Guy Carleton, as Governor in chief; Philip Dejean, justice of the peace for Detroit, and William Lamothe, captain of volunteers, prisoners of war, taken in the county of Illinois.

They find, that Governor Hamilton has executed the task of inciting the Indians to perpetrate their accustomed cruelties on the citizens of the United States, without distinction of age, sex, or condition, with an eagerness and avidity which evince, that the general nature of his charge harmonized with his particular disposition. They should have been satisfied, from the other testimony adduced, that these enormities were committed by savages acting under his commission, but the number of proclamations, which, at different times, were left in houses, the inhabitants of which were killed or carried away by the Indians, one of which proclamations is in possession of the board, under the hand and seal of Governor Hamilton, puts this fact beyond a doubt. At the time of his captivity, it appears, he had sent considerable bodies of Indians against the frontier settlements of these States, and had actually appointed a great council of Indians, to meet him at Tennessee, to concert the operations of this present campaign. They find that his treatment of our citizens and soldiers, taken and carried within the limits of his command, has been cruel and inhuman; that in the case of John Dodge, a citizen of these States, which has been particularly stated to this board, he loaded him with irons, threw him into a dungeon, without bedding, without straw, without fire, in the dead of winter and severe climate of Detroit; that, in that state, he wasted him with incessant expectations of death: that when the rigors of his situation had brought him so low, that death seemed likely to withdraw him from their power, he was taken out and somewhat attended to, until a little mended, and before he had recovered ability to walk, was again returned to his dungeon, in which a hole was cut, seven inches square only for the admission of air, and the same load of irons again put on him: that appearing, a second time, in imminent danger of being lost to them, he was again taken from his dungeon, in which he had lain from January till June, with the intermission of a few weeks only, before mentioned. That Governor Hamilton gave standing rewards for scalps, but offered none for prisoners, which induced the Indians, after making their captives carry their baggage into the neighborhood of the fort, there to put them to death, and carry in their scalps to the Governor, who welcomed their return and success by a discharge of cannon. That when a prisoner, brought alive, and destined to death by the Indians, the fire already kindled, and himself bound to the stake, was dexterously withdrawn, and secreted from them by the humanity of a fellow prisoner, a large reward was offered for the discovery of the victim, which having tempted a servant to betray his concealment, the present prisoner Dejean, being sent with a party of soldiers, surrounded the house, took and threw into jail the unhappy victim and his deliverer, where the former soon expired under the perpetual assurances of Dejean, that he was to be again restored into the hands of the savages, and the latter when enlarged, was bitterly reprimanded by Governor Hamilton.

It appears to them, that the prisoner Dejean was, on all occasions, the willing and cordial instrument of Governor Hamilton, acting both as judge and keeper of the jails, and instigating and urging him, by malicious insinuations and untruths, to increase, rather than relax his severities, heightening the cruelty of his orders by his manner of executing them, offering at one time a reward to one man to be hangman for another, threatening his life on refusal, and taking from his prisoners the little property their opportunities enabled them to acquire.

It appears, that the prisoner Lamothe, was a captain of the volunteer scalping parties of Indians and whites, who went, from time to time, under general orders to spare neither men, women, nor children. From this detail of circumstances, which arose in a few cases only, coming accidentally to the knowledge of the board, they think themselves authorized by fair deduction, to presume what would be the horrid history of the sufferings of the many, who have expired under their miseries (which, therefore, will remain for ever untold), or who have escaped from them, and are yet too remote and too much dispersed, to bring together their well founded accusations against the prisoners.

They have seen that the conduct of the British officers, civil and military, has in the whole course of this war, been savage, and unprecedented among civilized nations; that our officers taken by them, have been confined in crowded jails, loathsome dungeons, and prison-ships, loaded with irons, supplied often with no food, generally with too little for the sustenance of nature, and that little sometimes unsound and unwholesome, whereby such numbers have perished, that captivity and death have with them been almost synonymous; that they have been transported beyond seas, where their fate is out of the reach of our inquiry, have been compelled to take arms against their country, and, by a refinement in cruelty, to become murderers of their own brethren.

Their prisoners with us have, on the other hand, been treated with humanity and moderation; they have been fed, on all occasions, with wholesome and plentiful food, suffered to go at large within extensive tracts of country, treated with liberal hospitality, permitted to live in the families of our citizens, to labor for themselves, to acquire and enjoy profits, and finally to participate of the principal benefits of society, privileged from all burdens.

Reviewing this contrast, which cannot be denied by our enemies themselves, in a single point, and which has now been kept up during four years of unremitting war, a term long enough to produce well-founded despair that our moderation may ever lead them to the practice of humanity; called on by that justice we owe to those who are fighting the battles of our country, to deal out, at length, miseries to their enemies, measure for measure, and to distress the feelings of mankind by exhibiting to them spectacles of severe retaliation, where we had long and vainly endeavored to introduce an emulation in kindness; happily possessed, by the fortune of war, of some of those very individuals who, having distinguished themselves personally in this line of cruel conduct, are fit subjects to begin on, with the work of retaliation; this board has resolved to advise the Governor, that the said Henry Hamilton, Philip Dejean and William Lamothe, prisoners of war, be put into irons, confined in the dungeon of the public jail, debarred the use of pen, ink, and paper, and excluded all converse, except with their keeper. And the Governor orders accordingly.

Arch. Blair, C. C.

[NOTE B]—IN COUNCIL, September 29, 1779.

The board having been, at no time, unmindful of the circumstances attending the confinement of Lieutenant Governor Hamilton, Captain Lamothe, and Philip Dejean, which the personal cruelties of those men, as well as the general conduct of the enemy, had constrained them to advise: wishing, and willing to expect, that their sufferings may lead them to the practice of humanity, should any future turn of fortune, in their favor, submit to their discretion the fate of their fellow creatures; that it may prove an admonition to others, meditating like cruelties, not to rely for impunity in any circumstances of distance or present security; and that it may induce the enemy to reflect, what must be the painful consequences, should a continuation of the same conduct on their part impel us again to severities, while such multiplied subjects of retaliation are within our power: sensible that no impression can be made on the event of the war, by wreaking vengeance on miserable captives; that the great cause which has animated the two nations against each other, is not to be decided by unmanly cruelties on wretches, who have bowed their necks to the power of the victor, but by the exercise of honorable valor in the field: earnestly hoping that the enemy, viewing the subject in the same light, will be content to abide the event of that mode of decision, and spare us the pain of a second departure from kindness to our captives: confident that commiseration to our prisoners is the only possible motive, to which can be candidly ascribed, in the present actual circumstances of the war, the advice we are now about to give; the board does advise the Governor to send Lieutenant Governor Hamilton, Captain Lamothe, and Philip Dejean, to Hanover court house, there to remain at large, within certain reasonable limits, taking their parole in the usual manner. The Governor orders accordingly.

Arch. Blair, C. C.

Ordered, that Major John Hay be sent, also, under parole to the same place.

Arch. Blair, C. C.

[NOTE C]—IN COUNCIL, October 8, 1779.

The Governor is advised to take proper and effectual measures for knowing, from time to time, the situation and treatment of our prisoners by the enemy, and to extend to theirs, with us a like treatment, in every circumstance; and, also, to order to a proper station, the prison-ship fitted up on recommendation from Congress from the reception and confinement of such prisoners of war, as shall be sent to it.

Arch. Blair, C. C.

[NOTE D.]—FEMALE CONTRIBUTIONS, IN AID OF THE WAR, probably in 1780

Female Contributions, in aid of the War, probably in 1780.

Mrs. Sarah Gary, of Scotchtown, a watch-chain, cost £7 sterling.

Mrs.——— Ambler, five gold rings.

Mrs. Rebecca Ambler, three gold rings.

Mrs.————— Nicholas, a diamond drop.

Mrs. Griffin, of Dover, ten half joes.

Mrs. Gilmer, five guineas.

Mrs. Anne Ramsay (for Fairfax), one half joe, three guineas, three pistereens, one bit.

Do. for do. paper money, bundle No. 1, twenty thousand dollars, No. 2, twenty-seven thousand dollars, No. 3, fifteen thousand dollars, No. 4, thirteen thousand five hundred and eighteen dollars and one third.

Mrs. Lewis (for Albemarle), £1559 8s. paper money,

Mrs. Weldon, £39 18s. new, instead of £1600, old paper money,

Mrs. Blackburn (for Prince William), seven thousand five hundred and six dollars, paper money.

Mrs. Randolph, the younger, of Chatsworth, eight hundred dollars.

Mrs. Fitzhugh and others, £558.

[NOTE E.]—FROM LORD CORNWALLIS

Lord Cornwallis’s Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Nisbet Balfour, Commander at Ninety Six.

I have the happiness to inform you, that on Wednesday the 16th instant, I totally defeated General Gates’s army. One thousand were killed and wounded, about eight hundred taken prisoners. We are in possession of eight pieces of brass cannon, all they had in the field, all their ammunition wagons, a great number of arms, and one hundred and thirty baggage wagons: in short, there never was a more complete victory. I have written to Lieutenant Colonel Turnbull, whom I sent to join Major Johnson on Little river, to push on after General Sumpter to the Wax-haws, whose detachment is the only collected force of rebels in all this country. Colonel Tarleton is in pursuit of Sumpter. Our loss is about three hundred killed and wounded, chiefly of the thirty-third regiment and volunteers, of Ireland. I have given orders that all the inhabitants of this province, who have subscribed and taken part in this revolt, should be punished with the greatest rigor; also, that those who will not turn out, may be imprisoned, and their whole property taken from them, and destroyed. I have also ordered that satisfaction should be made for their estates, to those who have been injured and oppressed by them. I have ordered, in the most positive manner, that every militia man who has borne arms with us and afterwards joined the enemy, shall be immediately hanged. I desire you will take the most rigorous measure to punish the rebels in the district in which you command, and that you will obey, in the strictest manner, the directions I have given in this letter, relative to the inhabitants of this country.

Cornwallis.

August, 1780.

[NOTE F.]—TO LORD CORNWALLIS

TO LORD CORNWALLIS.

Portsmouth, Virginia, November 4, 1780.

My Lord,

I have been here near a week, establishing a post. I wrote to you to Charleston, and by another messenger, by land. I cannot hear, for a certainty, where you are: I wait your orders. The bearer is to be handsomely rewarded, if he brings me any note or mark from your Lordship.

A. L.

MEMOIR, CORRESPONDENCE, AND MISCELLANIES,
FROM THE PAPERS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON.

Edited by Thomas Jefferson Randolph.

VOLUME TWO

CONTENTS

LETTER I.  TO RICHARD HENRY LEE, April 22, 1786

LETTER II.  TO CHARLES THOMSON, April 22, 1786

LETTER III.  TO JOHN JAY, April 23, 1786

LETTER IV.  TO JOHN JAY, April 23, 1786

LETTER V.  TO JAMES MADISON, April 25, 1786

LETTER VI.  TO THE COUNT DE VERGENNES, May 3, 1786

LETTER VII.  TO JOHN PAGE, May 4, 1786

LETTER VIII.  TO WILLIAM CARMICHAEL

LETTER IX.  TO MR. DUMAS, May 6, 1789

LETTER X.  TO WILLIAM DRAYTON, May 6, 1786

LETTER XI.  TO W. T. FRANKLIN, May 7, 1786

LETTER XII.  TO ELBRIDGE GERRY, May 7, 1786

LETTER XIII.  TO JAMES ROSS, May 8, 1786

LETTER XIV.  TO T. PLEASANTS, May 8,1786

LETTER XV.  TO COLONEL MONROE, May 10,1786

LETTER XVI.  TO JOHN ADAMS, May 11, 1786

LETTER XVII.  TO LISTER ASQUITH, May 22, 1786

LETTER XVIII.  TO JOHN JAY, May 23, 1786

LETTER XIX.  TO MR. CARMICHAEL, June 20, 1786

LETTER XX.  TO MR. LAMBE, June 20,1786

LETTER XXI..  TO MONSIEUR DE REYNEVAL, June 25, 1786

LETTER XXII.  TO THE PREVOT DES MARCHANDS, September 27, 1786

LETTER XXIII.  TO COLONEL MONROE, July 9, 1786

LETTER XXIV.  TO JOHN ADAMS, July 11, 1786

LETTER XXV.  TO JOHN JAY, August 11, 1786

LETTER XXVI.  TO COLONEL MONROE, August 11, 1786

LETTER XXVII.  TO MR. WYTHE, August 13,1786

LETTER XXVIII.  TO MRS. COSWAY, October 12, 1786

LETTER XXIX.  TO MRS. COSWAY, October 13, 1786

LETTER XXX.  M. LE ROY DE L’ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES, November 13, 1786

LETTER XXXI.  TO GENERAL WASHINGTON, November 14, 1786

LETTER XXXII.  TO JAMES MADISON, December 16, 1786

LETTER XXXIII.  TO CHARLES THOMSON, December 17,1780

LETTER XXXIV.  TO COLONEL MONROE, December 18, 1786

LETTER XXXV.  TO MR. CARMICHAEL, December 26,1786

LETTER XXXVI.  TO MR. VAUGHAN, December 29, 1786

LETTER XXXVII.  TO JOHN JAY, December 31, 1786

LETTER XXXVIII.  TO SAMUEL OSGOOD, January 5, 1787

LETTER XXXIX.  TO JOHN JAY, January 9, 1787

LETTER XL.  TO JOHN ADAMS, January 11, 1787

LETTER XLI.  TO MONSIEUR LE DUC D’HARCOURT, January 14, 1787

LETTER XLII.  TO MONSIEUR DE CREVE-COEUR, January 15,1787

LETTER XLIII.  TO COLONEL EDWARD CARRINGTON, January 16, 1787

LETTER XLIV  TO JAMES MADISON, January 30, 1787 *

LETTER XLV.  TO JOHN JAY, February 1, 1787

LETTER XLVI.  TO MRS. BINGHAM, February 7, 1787

LETTER XLVII.  TO GOVERNOR RANDOLPH, February 7, 1787

LETTER XLVIII.  TO JOHN JAY, February 8, 1787

LETTER XLIX.  TO MR. DUMAS, February 9, 1787

LETTER L.  TO JOHN JAY, February 14, 1787

LETTER LI.  TO JOHN JAY, February 23, 1787

LETTER LII.  TO THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE, February 28, 1787

LETTER LIII.  TO MADAME LA COMTESSE DE TESSE, March 20, 1787

LETTER LIV.  TO THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE, April 11, 1787

LETTER LV.  TO WILLIAM SHORT, April 12, 1787

LETTER LVI.  TO JOHN JAY, May 4, 1787

LETTER LVII.  TO M. GUIDE, May 6, 1787

MEMORANDA  TAKEN ON A JOURNEY FROM PARIS IN 1787

LETTER LVIII.  TO WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, June 14, 1787

LETTER LIX.  TO J. BANNISTER, JUNIOR, June 19, 1787

LETTER LX.  TO JAMES MADISON, June 20, 1787*

LETTER LXI.  TO JOHN JAY, June 21,1787

LETTER LXII.  TO MADAME DE CORNY, June 30,1787

LETTER LXIII.  TO JOHN ADAMS, July 1, 1787

LETTER LXIV.  TO DAVID HARTLEY, July 2,1787

LETTER LXV.  TO B. VAUGHAN, July 2, 1787

LETTER LXVI.  TO M. L’ABBE MORELLET, July 2, 1787

OBSERVATIONS  ON THE LETTER OF MONSIEUR DE CALONNE

LETTER LXVII.  TO T. M. RANDOLPH, JUNIOR, July 6, 1787

LETTER LXVIII.  TO STEPHEN CATHALAN, JUNIOR, July 21,1787

LETTER LXIX.  TO THE DELEGATES OF RHODE ISLAND, July 22,1787

LETTER LXX.  TO THE COUNT DE MONTMORIN, July 23, 1787

LETTER LXXI.  TO MR. SKIPWITH, July 28, 1787

LETTER LXXII.  TO J. W. EPPES, July 28,1787

LETTER LXXIII.  TO A. DONALD, July 28, 1787

LETTER LXXIV.  TO WILLIAM DRAYTON, July 30, 1787

LETTER LXXV.  TO JAMES MADISON, August 2, 1787

LETTER LXXVI.  TO THOMAS BARCLAY, August 3, 1787

LETTER LXXVII.  TO E. CARRINGTON, August 4,1787

LETTER LXXVIII.  TO DR. CURRIE, August 4, 1787

LETTER LXXIX.  TO MR. HAWKINS, August 4, 1787

LETTER LXXX.  TO COLONEL MONROE, August 5, 1787

LETTER LXXXI.  TO JOHN JAY, August 6,1787

LETTER LXXXII.  TO JOHN CHURCHMAN, August 8, 1787

LETTER LXXXIII.  TO MONSIEUR L HOMMANDE, August 9, 1787

LETTER LXXXIV.  TO PETER CARR, August 10, 1787

LETTER LXXXV.  TO DR. GILMER, August 11, 1787

LETTER LXXXVI.  TO JOSEPH JONES, August 14, 1787

LETTER LXXXVII.  TO GENERAL WASHINGTON, August 14, 1787

LETTER LXXXVIII.  TO COLONEL HUMPHREYS, August 14, 1787

LETTER LXXXIX.  TO JOHN JAY, August 15, 1787

LETTER XC.  TO JOHN ADAMS, August 30, 1787

LETTER XCI.  TO MR. WYTHE, September 16,1787

LETTER XCII.  TO JOHN JAY, September 19, 1787

LETTER XCIII.  TO CHARLES THOMSON, September 20, 1787

LETTER XCIV.  TO JOHN JAY, September 22,1787

LETTER XCV.  TO JOHN JAY, September 22, 1787

LETTER XCVI.  TO MR. CARNES, September 22, 1787

LETTER XCVII.  TO JOHN JAY, September 24, 1787

LETTER XCVIII,  TO JOHN ADAMS, September 28, 1787

LETTER XCIX.  TO COLONEL SMITH, September 28,1787

LETTER C.  TO MONSIEUR LE COMTE DE BUFFON, October 3, 1787

LETTER CI.  TO MR. DUMAS, October 4,1787

LETTER CII.  TO JOHN JAY, October 8, 1787

LETTER CIII.  TO JAMES MADISON, October 8, 1787

LETTER CIV.  TO JOHN JAY, October 8, 1787

LETTER CV.  TO MONSIEUR LE COMTE DE MOUSTIER, October 9,1787

LETTER CVI.  TO MADAME DE BREHAN, October 9, 1787

LETTER CVII.  TO MR. DUMAS, October 14, 1787

LETTER CVIII.  TO MADAME DE CORNY, October 18, 1787

LETTER CIX.  TO THE COUNT DE MONTMORIN, October 23, 1787

LETTER CX.  TO JOHN JAY, November 3, 1787

LETTER CXI.  TO JOHN JAY, November 3, 1787

LETTER CXII.  TO THE COUNT DE MONTMORIN, November 6, 1787

LETTER CXIII.  TO JOHN ADAMS, November 13, 1787

LETTER CXIV.  TO COLONEL SMITH, November 13, 1787

LETTER CXV.  TO WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, December 11, 1787

LETTER CXVI.  TO JOHN ADAMS

LETTER CXVII.  TO JAMES MADISON, December 20, 1787

LETTER CXVIII.  TO E. CARRINGTON, December 21, 1787

LETTER CXIX.  TO MONSIEUR LIMOZIN, December 22, 1787

LETTER CXX.  TO JOHN JAY, December 31, 1787

LETTER CXXI.  TO MONSIEUR LAMBERT, January 3, 1788

LETTER CXXII.  TO LE COMTE BERNSTORFF, January 21, 1788

LETTER CXXIII.  TO WILLIAM RUTLEDGE, February 2, 1788

LETTER CXXIV.  TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE TREASURY, Feb. 7, 1788

LETTER CXXV.  TO DOCTOR PRICE, February 7, 1788

LETTER CXXVI.  TO A. DONALD, February.7, 1788

LETTER CXXVII.  TO M. WARVILLE, February 12, 1888

LETTER CXXVIII.  TO JOHN ADAMS, March 2, 1788

LETTER CXXIX.  TO JOHN JAY, March 16, 1788

LETTER CXXX.  TO MR. DUMAS, March 29, 1788

LETTER CXXXI.  TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE TREASURY, March 29, 1788

LETTER CXXXII.  TO GENERAL WASHINGTON, May 2, 1788

LETTER CXXXIII.  TO JAMES MADISON, May 3,1788

LETTER CXXXIV.  TO JOHN JAY, May 4, 1788

LETTER CXXXV.  TO THE COUNT DE MOUSTIER, May 17, 1788

LETTER CXXXVI.  TO JOHN JAY, May 23,1788

LETTER CXXXVII.  TO JOHN BROWN, May 26,1788

LETTER CXXXVIII.  TO WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, May 27, 1788

LETTER CXXXIX.  TO JOHN JAY, May 27, 1788

LETTER CXL.*  TO JAMES MADISON, May 28, 1788

LETTER CXLI.  TO PETER CARU, May 23, 1788

LETTER CXLII.  TO THE COMTE DE BERNSTORFF, June 19, 1788

LETTER CXLIII.  TO THE COUNT DE MONTMORIN, June 20, 1788

LETTER CXLIV.  TO DOCTOR GORDON, July 16, 1788

LETTER CXLV.  TO JAMES MADISON, July 19, 1788

LETTER CXLVI.  TO E. RUTLEDGE, July 18, 1788

LETTER CXLVII.  TO MR. BELLINI, July 25,1788

LETTER CXLVIII.  TO JAMES MADISON, July 31, 1788

LETTER CXLIX.  TO JOHN JAY, August 3, 1788

LETTER CL.  TO COLONEL MONROE, August 9, 1788

LETTER CLI.  TO MONSIEUR DE CREVE-COEUR, August 9, 1788

LETTER CLII.  TO JOHN JAY, August 10, 1788

LETTER CLIII.  TO JOHN JAY, August 11, 1788

LETTER CLIV.  TO WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, August 12, 1788

LETTER CLV.  TO M. CATHALAN, August 13,1788

LETTER CLVI.  TO JOHN JAY, August 20,1788

LETTER CLVII.  TO MR. CUTTING, August 23, 1788

LETTER CLVIII.  TO JOHN JAY, September 3, 1788

LETTER CLIX.  TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE TREASURY, Sep. 6, 1788

LETTER CLX.  TO THE COUNT DE MONTMORIN,

LETTER CLXI.  TO M. DE REYNEVAL, September 16, 1788

LETTER CLXII.  TO THE MARQUIS DE LA ROUERIE, September 16,1788

LETTER CLXIII.  TO WILLIAM SHORT, September 20, 1788

LETTER CLXIV.  TO JOHN JAY, September 24,1788

LETTER CLXV.  TO M. DE REYNEVAL, October 1, 1788

LETTER CLXVI.  TO MR. CUTTING, October 2, 1788

LETTER CLXVIII.  TO JAMES MADISON, November 18, 1788

LETTER CLXIX.  TO A. DONALD, November 18,1788

LETTER CLXX.  TO JOHN JAY, November 19, 1788

LETTER CLXXI.  TO JOHN JAY, November 29, 1788

LETTER, CLXXII.  TO GENERAL WASHINGTON, December 4, 1788

LETTER CLXXIII.  TO JOHN ADAMS, December 5, 1788

LETTER CLXXIV.  TO MR. SHORT, December 8, 1788

LETTER CLXXV.  TO DOCTOR GILMER, December 16, 1788

LETTER CLXXVI.  TO THOMAS PAINE, December 23,1788

LETTER CLXXVII.  TO JOHN JAY, January 11, 1789

LETTER CLXXVIII.  TO JAMES MADISON, January 12, 1789

LETTER CLXXIX.  TO JOHN JAY, January 14, 1789

LETTER CLXXX.  TO MADAME NECKER, January 24, 1789

LETTER CLXXXI.  TO JOHN JAY, February 1, 1789

LETTER CLXXXII.  TO JOHN JAY, February 4, 1789

LETTER CLXXXIII.  TO WILLIAM SHORT, February 9,1789

LETTER CLXXXIV.  TO M. DE VILLEDEUIL, February 10, 1789

LETTER CLXXXV.  TO MR. CARNES, February 15,1789

LETTER CLXXXVI.  TO DR. BANCROFT, March 2, 1789

LETTER CLXXXVII.  TO M. DE MALESHERBES, March 11, 1789

LETTER CLXXXVIII.  TO JOHN JAY, March 12, 1789

LETTER CLXXXIX.  TO F. HOPKINSON, March 13, 1789

LETTER CXC.  TO MADAME DE BREHAN, March 14, 1789

LETTER CXCI.  TO JAMES MADISON, March 15, 1789

LETTER, CXCII.  TO THOMAS PAINE, March 17,1789

LETTER CXIII.  TO COLONEL HUMPHREYS, March 18, 1789

LETTER CXCIV.  TO DOCTOR WILLARD, March 24, 1789

LETTER CXCV.  TO J. SARSFIELD, April 3, 1789

LETTER CXCVI.  TO THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE, May 6,1789

LETTER CXCVII.  TO WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, May 8, 1789

LETTER CXCVIII.  TO JOHN JAY, May 9, 1789

LETTER CXCIX.  TO GENERAL WASHINGTON, May 10, 1780

LETTER CC.  TO JAMES MADISON, May 11,1789

LETTER CCI.  TO MONSIEUR DE PONTIERE, May 17, 1789

LETTER CCII.  TO MR. VAUGHAN, May 17, 1789

LETTER CCIII.  TO THOMAS PAINE, May 19,1789

LETTER CCIV.  TO MONSIEUR DE ST. ETIENNE, June 3, 1789

LETTER CCV.  TO THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE, June 12, 1789

LETTER CCVI.  TO JOHN JAY, June 17, 1789

LETTER CCVII.  TO JAMES MADISON, June 18, 1789

LETTER CCVIII.  TO JOHN JAY, June 24,1789

LETTER CCIX.  TO JOHN JAY, June 29, 1789

LETTER CCX.  TO THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE, July 6, 1789

LETTER CCXI.  TO THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE, July 7,1789

LETTER CCXII.  TO MR. NECKER, July 8, 1789

LETTER CCXIII.  TO THE COUNT DE MONTMORIN, July 8, 1789

LETTER CCXIV.  TO THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE, July 9, 1789

LETTER CCXV.  TO THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE, July 10, 1789

LETTER CCXVI.  TO THOMAS PAINE, July 11, 1789

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List of Illustrations

Book Spines, 1829 Set of Jefferson Papers

Steel Engraving by Longacre from Painting of G. Stuart

Titlepage of Volume Two (of Four)

Greek Phrase Page216