Cooperage Specifications.
—The following specifications will serve for all kinds of cooperage used throughout a packing house and makes a very satisfactory package for the different requirements:
SIX-HOOP NO. 1 TIERCES.
Staves 33³⁄₄ inches long
Heads 20¹⁄₄ inches wide
Bilge 79¹⁄₂ inches circumference
Chime ⁷⁄₈ inch
Six iron hoops.
Head hoops 1³⁄₄ inches wide, No. 18 iron
Quarter hoops 1¹⁄₂ inches wide, No. 19 iron
Bilge hoops 1³⁄₄ inches wide, No. 18 iron
Heads ⁷⁄₈ inch thick
Staves ³⁄₄ inch thick
WOOD-BOUND BEEF TIERCES.
Staves 33³⁄₄ inches long
Heads 20¹⁄₄ inches wide
Bilge 79¹⁄₂ inches circumference
Chime 1¹⁄₈ inches
Hoops: First wooden hoop on bilge; then one iron hoop; then five wooden hoops; then one iron hoop; then one chime hoop on each end.
Staves ³⁄₄ inch
Heads ⁷⁄₈ inch
LARD TIERCES.
Staves 33¹⁄₂ inches long
Heads 20¹⁄₄ inches wide
Bilge 79¹⁄₂ inches circumference
Chime 1¹⁄₈ inches
Two-thirds of the tierce to be covered with wooden hoops for prime steam lard.
Staves ³⁄₄ inch
Heads ⁷⁄₈ inch
EIGHT-HOOP TIERCES.
Same specifications as six-hoop tierces, with two more hoops on, that is, one additional hoop on each end, 1¹⁄₂ inches wide. No. 19 iron used for prime steam and export refined lard, two weights for latter; on tierce weighing seventy-seven pounds, figure 17 per cent tare; on tierce weighing seventy-two pounds, figure 16 per cent tare.
IRON-BOUND OAK PORK BARRELS.
Staves 30 inches long by ⁵⁄₈ inch thick
Heads 17¹⁄₂ inches wide by ⁷⁄₈ inch thick
Bilge 69 inches circumference
Chime 1 inch
Six iron hoops, No. 18 iron.
Head hoops 1¹⁄₂ inches
Quarter hoops 1¹⁄₄ inches
Bilge hoops 1¹⁄₂ inches
WOOD-BOUND OAK PORK BARRELS.
Just the same as iron-hoop pork barrels, but covered with wooden hoops—no iron hoops—in two and four series.
ASH PORK BARRELS.
Same specifications as iron-bound pork barrels put up bound with both wood and iron, wood being most expensive.
BASSWOOD LARD EXPORT HALF BARRELS.
Staves 22 inches by ⁷⁄₁₆ inch
Head 14³⁄₄ inches wide by ¹⁄₂ inch thick
Bilge 56 inches circumference
Three wooden hoops on bilge, then one-quarter hoop, then one iron collar hoop (No. 20 iron, 1 inch wide), then one wood chime hoop at each end.
WOOD-BOUND BASSWOOD TIERCES FOR EXPORT CASINGS.
Staves 36 inches long by ³⁄₄ inches thick
Head 22¹⁄₄ inches wide by ⁷⁄₈ inch thick
Bilge 86 inches in circumference
Chime 1¹⁄₈ inches
One head; one bilge hoop of No. 18 iron, 1³⁄₄ inches wide; one quarter hoop, 1¹⁄₂ inches wide, No. 18 iron, at each end; one chime hoop 1³⁄₄ inches wide No. 18 iron; balance, wooden hoops.
NO. 19 SLACK BARRELS.
Staves 30 inches long
Head 18 inches wide
Bilge 75 inches in diameter
Three patent wooden hoops on each end.
SLACK TIERCES FOR STEARINE.
Staves 35 inches long
Heads 23³⁄₄ inches wide
Bilge 89¹⁄₂ inches
Chime ³⁄₄ inch
Two patent wood hoops on each end, and two on each bilge.
WOOD-BOUND HOG BUNG TIERCES.
Staves 31 inches by ³⁄₄ inch
Heads 20¹⁄₄ inches by ⁷⁄₈ inch
Bilge 79¹⁄₂ inches in circumference
Chime 1¹⁄₄ inches
Two iron collar hoops (No. 18 iron, 1¹⁄₂ inches wide); twelve wooden chime hoops.
EIGHTY-POUND PIGS FEET PACKAGE MADE OF WHITE PINE AND BIRCH.
Staves 19³⁄₄ inches long
Heads 1¹⁄₄ inches wide
Bilge 49 inches
Chime ³⁄₄ inch
Three wooden hoops on each bilge and three on each head.
FORTY-POUND QUARTER BARREL PACKAGE MADE OF WHITE PINE OR BIRCH, FOR PIGS FEET, TRIPE AND OTHER OFFAL.
Staves 17 inches long
Heads 10⁵⁄₈ inches wide
Bilge 38¹⁄₂ inches
Chime ⁷⁄₈ inch
Two head hoops and two bilge hoops of wood each end.
Government specifications for Packages.
—The following are the government specifications for packages containing pork or beef:
The packages must be made entirely new and of the best seasoned heart-of-white oak staves and headings: The staves shall not be less than ⁵⁄₈-inch thick and the headings not less than ³⁄₄-inch thick. They shall be three-quarter hooped over, including galvanized iron hoops with the best hickory hoops, and each one-half barrel shall have on it four galvanized iron hoops; one of 1¹⁄₄ inches in width to each bilge and one of 1¹⁄₈ inches in width on each chime, and each shall be ¹⁄₁₆-inch thick.
Each half barrel shall have a capacity of sixteen gallons and must be branded, if it contains beef, by burning on its head “Navy Beef,” name of the contractor, name of packer’s brand, and on the bung stave, the letter “P.”
Refrigerator Boxes.
—In the shipping of fresh meats which are to be sent by express, or where small quantities are sent in insufficient amounts to warrant the use of a car, thousands of refrigerator boxes are used. In such cases a good refrigerator box is made necessary in the handling of the product to the trade—a box that will stand the abuse, wear and tear in shipping and at the same time one that is not excessively heavy, adding unnecessarily to the express charges. The dimensions given below are for wooden boxes which are generally made of 1-inch clear pine lumber, the corners being securely fastened with angle iron, or with heavy galvanized iron, and the covers put on with specially strong hinges as the boxes meet with a great deal of hard usage and when filled must necessarily be strong in order to withstand the jar and strain.
A galvanized iron box containing the meat is placed inside of the wooden box, leaving about two inches of space around it and four inches of space on top. The meat to be shipped is packed tightly into the galvanized iron box, which is then placed in the wooden box and the space around the sides and top filled with crushed ice. In this condition meat will keep fresh in hot weather for from thirty-six to forty-eight hours under ordinary conditions.
The following dimensions are those generally in use for the different sized wooden boxes enumerated:
| Capacity | Inside measure, inches |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | pounds | 26 | × | 16 | ¹⁄₂ | × | 9 | |
| 100 | pounds | 24 | × | 18 | × | 14 | ||
| 100 | pounds | 26 | × | 18 | × | 13 | ||
| 200 | pounds | 34 | × | 18 | × | 18 | ¹⁄₂ | |
| 200 | pounds | 34 | × | 20 | × | 16 | ||
| 300 | pounds | 38 | × | 24 | × | 19 | ||
| 500 | pounds | 42 | × | 28 | × | 18 | ¹⁄₂ | |