The Mystics of Islam

(Titles of books, as well as Arabic and Persian technical terms, are printed in italics.)

• Abdāl, 124.
• ʿAbdallah Ansārī, 89.
• ʿAbd al-Rahīm ibn al-Sabbāgh, 89.
• Abraham, 153.
• Abrār, 124.
• Absāl, 116.
• Abū ʿAbdallah of Mosul, 144.
• Abū ʿAbdallah al-Rāzī, 51.
• Abū ʿAlī of Sind, 17.
• Abū Hamza, 62.
• Abu ’l-Hasan Khurqānī, 87, 133 ff., 145.
• Abu ’l-Khayr al-Aqtaʿ, 61.
• Abū Nasr al-Sarrāj, 157.
• Abū Saʿīd ibn Abi ’l-Khayr, 49, 90, 118.
• Adam, 64, 150, 161.
• ʿAfīfuddīn al-Tilimsānī, 93, 164, 165. See Niffarī.
• Ahl al-Haqq, 1.
• Ahmad ibn al-Hawārī, 11.
• ahwāl, 29.
• Akhyār, 124.
• ʿAlāʾuddīn Attār, 143, 144, 146.
• Alexander of Aphrodisias, 151.
• Al-Haqq. See Haqq.
• ʿAlī, the Caliph, 50, 89, 153.
• Ana ’l-Haqq, 150 ff.
• Arabian Nights, the, 63.
• ʿArafāt, 91.
• ʿārif, 29.
• Aristotle, 12.
• Asceticism, 4, 5, 6, 10, 28 ff., 109.
• Ashʿarites, the, 6.
• ʿAttār, Farīduddīn, 106.
• Audition, 63 ff. See samāʿ.
• Augustine, St., 118.
• Avicenna, 145, 146.
• awliyā, 122.
• Awtād, 124.
• Bābā Kūhī, 58.
• Bābism, 89.
• Bactria, 16, 18.
• Baghdād, 149, 157.
• Balkh, 16.
• baqā, 18, 61, 149, 159, 163, 164, 167.
• Basra, 14.
• Bāyazīd of Bistām, 17, 51, 57, 62, 108, 111, 112, 115, 126, 131, 132, 159.
• Bektāshīs, the, 95.
• Bishr, 105.
• Breath, practice of inhaling and exhaling the, 48.
• Brown, J. P., 141.
• Browne, Professor E. G., 110.
• Buddha, 16, 17.
• Buddhism, 16 ff., 48. See Nirvāṇa.
• Bulghār, 161.
• Calendars, the, 90.
• Celibacy, condemned by Mohammed, 5.
• China, 161.
• Christ, 82, 88. See Jesus.
• Christianity, 4, 5, 10 f., 82, 111, 112, 151, 157.
• Contemplation, 18, 31, 32, 53, 54 ff., 68.
• Dancing, 63, 65, 66.
• Dante, 100.
• Dark Night of the Soul, the, 166.
• Davids, Professor T. W. Rhys, 19.
• Dāwud al-Tāʾī, 36.
• Deification, 149 ff., 163.
• dervīsh, 37.
• Dervish Orders, the, 48, 95, 125, 130, 140 ff.
• Dervishes, maxims for, 38, 39.
• Devil, the, 49, 53, 69. See Iblīs and Satan.
• dhawq, 59.
• dhikr, 10, 45 ff., 63.
• Dhu ’l-Nūn the Egyptian, 13, 65, 79, 116, 145.
• Dionysius the Areopagite, 12 f., 112.
• Directors, spiritual, 31, 32 ff., 89, 140 ff., 165.
• Dīvān of Shamsi Tabrīz, 95.
• Eckhart, 118, 154.
• Ecstasy, 59 ff., 118, 132, 133, 166. See fanā.
• Eden, 161.
• Elias, 14.
• Emanation, the theory of, 80, 96.
• Emerson, 110.
• Euchitæ, the, 11.
• Evil, the unreality of, 94.
• Evil, part of the divine order, 96 ff.
• Evolution, of Man, 168.
• fanā, 17 ff., 28, 48, 59, 60 ff., 144, 149, 155 ff., 164, 165, 166.
• fanā al-fanā, 61, 79.
• fānī, 155.
• faqīr, 37, 38.
• firāsat, 51.
• FitzGerald, Edward, 97.
• Frothingham, A. L., 12.
• Fudayl ibn ʿIyād, 109.
• Gairdner, W. H. T., 16.
• ghaybat, 59.
• Ghaylān, 105.
• Ghazālī, 24, 46, 96.
• Gnosis, the, 7, 14, 29, 30, 68 ff., 121, 164.
• Gnosticism, 14 ff.
• Goldziher, Professor I., 14, 16.
• Gospel, the, 10.
• Hafiz, 88, 102.
• hāl, 29, 59.
• Hallāj, 40, 149 ff., 160.
• Hamadhān, 108, 109.
• haqīqat, 29, 79. See Truth, the.
• Haqq = God, 1, 81. See Ana ’l-Haqq.
• haqq, 164.
• Hasan ʿAttār, Khwāja, 144.
• hātif, 63.
• Heart, the, a spiritual organ, 50, 68 ff.
• Heaven and Hell, subjective, 97, 162.
• Hierotheus, 12.
• Hind, 105.
• Hujwīrī, 31, 32, 54, 63, 65, 92, 110, 123, 124, 126, 159, 160.
• hulūl, 150, 151, 154, 157.
• Hulūlīs, the, 151.
• Husayn ibn Mansūr, 149. See Hallāj.
• Hypnotism, 139 ff.
• Iblīs, 99. See Devil, the.
• Ibn al-Anbārī, 51.
• Ibn al-ʿArabī, 87, 102, 103, 105, 111, 125, 155, 166.
• Ibrāhīm ibn Adham, 14, 16.
• ihsān, 53.
• Illumination, 7, 50 ff., 70.
• ʿilm, 71.
• Immortality, impersonal, 167, 168.
• Incarnation, 150, 151, 157. See hulūl.
• India, 16, 161.
• Inge, Dr. W. R., 112, 151, 154.
• Iqbal, Shaikh Muhammad, 15.
• ʿIrāq, 161, 168.
• Islam, relation of Sūfism to, 19 ff., 71 ff., 86 ff., 159, 160.
• istinbāt, 23, 24.
• ittihād, 157, 158.
• Jabarites, the, 6.
• Jacob of Sarūj, 12.
• jadhbat, 59.
• Jalāluddīn Rūmī, 25, 64, 67, 69, 95 ff., 105, 106, 107, 109, 113, 116, 117, 118, 119, 125, 129, 132, 148, 152, 155, 161, 162, 168.
• jamʿ, 159.
• Jāmī, 38, 66, 80, 81, 83, 106, 110, 142, 166.
• Jesus, 10, 133, 150, 153, 157. See Christ.
• Jews, the, 122.
• Jinn, the, 132.
• John, St., 82.
• John Scotus Erigena, 12.
• Joseph, 99, 116.
• Journeys, mystical, 163, 164. See Path, the.
• Junayd of Baghdād, 34, 35, 52, 88, 91, 112, 113, 131.
• Kaʿba, the, 58, 91, 92, 105, 116, 134.
• karāmāt, 122, 129.
• Karma, the doctrine of, 19.
• Kashf al-Mahjūb, 54, 63. See Hujwīrī.
• Khadir, 14, 113, 127 ff.
• khirqat, 49.
• Khizr, 127. See Khadir.
• Khorāsān, 161, 168.
• Khurqānī. See Abu ’l-Hasan Khurqānī.
• Kitāb al-Lumaʿ, 28, 121, 130.
• Kitāb al-Tawāsīn, 150.
• Knowledge of God. See Gnosis, the.
• Knowledge, religious opposed to mystical, 71.
• Koran, the, 4, 5, 21, 22, 23, 46, 50, 63, 93, 105, 111, 121, 122, 127.
• Koran, the, quotations from, 22, 45, 50, 51, 53, 56, 70, 88, 98, 121, 122, 128, 129, 150, 152.
• Koran, germs of mysticism in the, 21 f.
• lāhūt, 150.
• Lane, Edward, 45.
• Law, the religious, 62, 86, 92 ff., 126, 127, 152, 163.
• Laylā, 116, 159.
• Legend of the Moslem Saints, the, 21, 31, 108, 131.
• Lives of the Saints, by Jāmī, 66. See Nafahāt al-Uns.
• Logos, the, 51, 82, 83.
• Love, divine, 6, 8, 10, 45, 55, 80, 81, 84, 88, 101, 102 ff., 151, 160.
• Lubnā, 105.
• Macdonald, Professor D. B., 23, 45, 46, 125, 141.
• majdhūb, 123.
• Majduddīn of Baghdād, 66.
• Majnūn, 116, 159.
• Mālik ibn Dīnār, 36, 37.
• Man, the final cause of the universe, 82.
• Man, higher than the angels, 69.
• Man, the microcosm, 84, 85, 97.
• Man, the Perfect, 83, 163, 164, 165.
• Mandæans, the, 14.
• Mānī, 14.
• Manichæans, the, 14.
• Mansūr, 153. See Hallāj.
• maqāmāt, 28.
• maʿrifat, 29, 71. See Gnosis, the.
• Maʿrūf al-Karkhī, 14.
• Marwa, 92.
• Mary, 133.
• Masnavī, the, 25, 64, 96, 132, 148. See Jalāluddīn Rūmī.
• Massignon, L., 150, 151, 154, 155.
• Mawāqif, the, 57. See Niffarī.
• Mayya, 105.
• Mecca, 134.
• Meditation, 48 f.
• Mephistopheles, 58.
• Messalians, the, 11.
• Minā, 92.
• Miracles, 122, 123, 129 ff., 138, 139 ff.
• Mohammed, the Prophet, 5, 20, 21, 35, 39, 44, 49, 51, 52, 53, 68, 70, 73, 82, 90, 93, 111, 129, 131, 141, 144, 164, 165. See Traditions of the Prophet.
• Mohammed ibn ʿAlī Hakīm, 143.
• Mohammed ibn ʿUlyān, 39.
• Mohammed ibn Wāsiʿ, 36, 37, 55.
• Mollā-Shāh, 141, 142.
• More, Henry, 162.
• Mortification, 36, 40 f.
• Moses, 127 ff., 152.
• muʿjizat, 129.
• murāqabat, 48.
• muraqqaʿat, 33, 49.
• Murjites, the, 5.
• murshid, 32, 140.
• Music, 48, 63 ff.
• Muʿtazilites, the, 6.
• Muzdalifa, 91.
• Nafahāt al-Uns, 166. See Lives of the Saints.
• nafs, 39, 40.
• Name, the Great, 14.
• nāsūt, 150.
• Neoplatonism, 12 f., 112.
• Niffarī, 57, 71, 72, 74, 85, 93, 155, 164.
• Nirvāṇa, 18 ff., 61, 149.
• Nizāmuddīn Khāmūsh, Mawlānā, 143.
• Noah, 153.
• Nöldeke, Th., 3.
• Not-being, the principle of evil, 94, 97.
• Nuqabā, 124.
• Nūrī, 49, 51, 94, 107, 108.
• Omar, the Caliph, 38.
• Omar Khayyām, 97.
• Pantheism, 8, 18, 21, 23, 79 ff., 109, 133 ff., 148 ff. See Unity, the divine.
• Path, the, 28 ff., 163.
• Paul, St., 12, 82.
• Pentateuch, the, 22.
• Personality, survival of, 167.
• Phenomena, the nature of, 82.
• Phenomena, a bridge to Reality, 109 f.
• Philo, 22.
• Pilgrimage, allegorical interpretation of the, 91.
• pīr, 32, 140.
• Plato, 7, 12, 64.
• Plotinus, 11, 12, 117.
• Porphyry, 12.
• Poverty, 36 ff.
• Predestination, 4, 6, 36, 98.
• Pre-existence of the soul, 15, 64, 116.
• Proclus, 12.
• Prophet, the. See Mohammed, the Prophet.
• Prophets, the, 121, 122, 126, 129, 164.
• Purgative Way, the, 32.
• Pythagoras, 64.
• Qadarites, the, 6.
• Qadīb al-Bān, 144.
• qalb, 50, 68.
• Qays, 105.
• qibla, 134.
• Quietism, 4. See Trust in God.
• Qushayrī, 126, 130.
• Qutb, 123, 124, 164, 165.
• Rābiʿa, 4, 31, 115.
• rāhib, 10.
• Raqqām, 107.
• Reason, the Active, 151.
• Recollection, 36, 45. See dhikr.
• Religion, all types of, are equal, 87.
• Religion, positive, its relation to mysticism, 24, 71 ff. See Islam, relation of Sūfism to.
• Repentance, 30 ff.
• ridā, 41.
• Rizwān, 161.
• Rosaries, used by Sūfīs, 17.
• rūh, 68.
• Rūmī, 153. See Jalāluddīn Rūmī.
• Ruysbroeck, 151, 164.
• Sābians, the, 14.
• Saʿduddīn of Kāshghar, Mawlānā, 142.
• Safā, 92.
• Sahl ibn ʿAbdallah of Tustar, 46, 52, 56, 63, 130.
• Saints, the Moslem, 120 ff.
• Saintship, the doctrine of, 62, 120 ff.
• Salāmān, 116.
• sālik, 28.
• samāʿ, 59, 60, 63 ff.
• Saqsīn, 161.
• Sarī al-Saqatī, 52, 54, 61, 113.
• Satan, 32, 113. See Devil, the.
• Sea, the Revelation of the, by Niffarī, 74.
• Self-annihilation, 140, 141, 168. See fanā.
• Shāh al-Kirmānī, 52.
• Shaqīq of Balkh, 42, 43, 44.
• Sheykh, the, 32 ff., 49, 140, 141. See Directors, spiritual.
• Shiblī, 34, 35, 48, 52, 55, 62, 116.
• Shihābuddīn Suhrawardī, 166.
• Shīʿites, the, 89.
• shirb, 59.
• siddīq, 14.
• Sin, 30 ff.
• Singing, 63 ff.
• sirr, 68, 155.
• Soul, the lower or appetitive. See nafs.
• Spirit, the divine, 150, 151.
• Spirit, the human, 51, 68.
• Stages, mystical, 28 f., 41.
• States, mystical, 29.
• Stephen Bar Sudaili, 12.
• Sūfī, meaning and derivation of, 3.
• Sūfism, definitions of, 1, 14, 25 ff.
• Sūfism, the oldest form of, 4 f.
• Sūfism, the origin of, 8 ff.
• Sūfism, its relation to Islam, 19 ff., 71 ff., 86 ff., 159, 160.
• sukr, 59.
• Sunna, the, 73.
• Symbolism, mystical, 28, 102 ff., 116, 117.
• tālib, 29.
• tarīqat, 27, 28.
• Tauler, 151.
• tawajjuh, 142, 143.
• tawakkul, 41.
• Tawakkul Beg, 141, 142.
• Telekinesis, 145.
• Telepathy, 120. See firāsat.
• Theology of Aristotle, the so-called, 12.
• Tirmidh, 143.
• Tora, the, 105.
• Traditions of the Prophet, 23, 39, 44, 49, 51, 53, 54, 68, 80, 83, 100.
• Transoxania, 16.
• Trust in God, 36, 41 ff.
• Truth, the, 29, 30, 79, 92 ff., 152, 163.
• Underhill, E., 164.
• Union with God, 39, 159, 160. See Unitive State, the, and fanā.
• Unitive State, the, 148 ff.
• Unity, the divine, Sūfistic theory of, 42, 79 ff., 98, 152, 154, 155.
• Vedānta, the, 18.
• Veils, the seventy thousand, doctrine of, 15 f.
• Vision, spiritual, 50.
• wajd, 59.
• walī, 122, 123. See Saints, the Moslem.
• waliyyat, 123.
• waqfat, 58, 156.
• wāqif, 156, 165.
• Wāsit, 14.
• Whinfield, E. H., 64, 132, 148.
• yaqīn, 50.
• Yūsuf, 116. See Joseph.
• Zangī Bashgirdī, 66.
• Zulaykhā, 116.