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The Myths of Mexico & Peru

Chapter 409: U
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About This Book

An illustrated survey of pre-Columbian civilizations and their myth systems, beginning with Mexican society and its pantheon and presenting major myths, rituals, cosmologies, and legends—including Aztec and Maya traditions and representative figures such as the feathered‑serpent and night and rain deities. It examines Maya origins, narrative cycles, and ritual practice, then turns to the civilizations of the Andean world and their mythic motifs, and offers comparative interpretation alongside archaeological observations, bibliographic references, a glossary, and numerous illustrations that connect mythic narratives to surviving monuments and artifacts.

U

Uayayab. Demon who presided over the nemontemi (unlucky days), 177;
God N identified with, 177

Uemac. Tezcatlipoca and the daughter of, 61–63

Uitzlampa. Place in Mexico; in myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin, 72

Urco-Inca. Inca superseded by Pachacutic, 284

Uricaechea, M. His collection of Chibcha antiquities, 277

Uxmal. Mexican city, founded by Tutul Xius, 154;
abandoned, 155;
ruins at, 191–194;
primitive type of its architecture, 194

V

Vatican MSS., 37;
description of the journey of the soul in, 37–38

Vega, Garcilasso el Inca de la. Hist. des Incas, cited, 7;
on the gods of the early Peruvians, 291

Venus. The planet; worship of, 96–97;
the only star worshipped by Mexicans, 96;
Camaxtli identified with, 111;
temple of, at Cuzco, 262

Vera Cruz. Quetzalcoatl lands at, 6

Verapaz. District in Guatemala, 158

Vetancurt, A. de. On Mexican mythology, 58

Villa-coto. Mountain; in a Peruvian flood-myth, 323–324

Villagutierre, J. de Soto-Mayor. And the prophecy of Chilan Balam, 8

Viollet-le-Duc, E. On the ruined palace at Mitla, 197

Viracocha.
I. Eighth Inca, 284, 318.
II. Peruvian deity;
temple of, at Cacha, 270;
regarded as son of the sun, 306;
worshipped by Quichua-Aymara as a culture hero, and called Pachayachachic, 307.
III. A higher class of sacred objects of the Peruvians, 294.
IV. Name given to any more than usually sacred being, 301

Vitzillopochtli. Same as Huitzilopochtli; in an Aztec migration-myth, 233

Voc. A bird, the messenger of Hurakan; in Popol Vuh myth, 225

Votan. Maya god, identical with Tepeyollotl; God L probably is, 176

Vukub-Cakix (Seven-times-the-colour-of-fire). A sun-and-moon god (Dr. Seler); in a Kiche myth recounted in the Popol Vuh, 210–213;
possibly an earth-god, 237

Vukub-Came. One of the rulers of Xibalba, the Kiche Hades, 220, 221, 224

Vukub-Hunapu. Son of Xpiyacoc and Xmucane; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220–221, 224, 225, 227

W

Wallum Olum.” Records of the Leni-Lenape Indians; a migration-myth in, resembles Kiche and Aztec myths, 233–234

Wind-Nine-Cave. Mixtec deity; in creation-myth, 120–121, 122

Wind-Nine-Snake. Mixtec deity; in creation-myth, 120–121, 122

Women of the Sun. Women dedicated to the service of the sun in Peru, 308

Writing. Of the Nahua, 34–35;
of the Maya, 159–166;
Dr. Le Plongeon and the Maya hieroglyphs, 239

X

Xalaquia.
I. Festival of Chicomecohuatl, 86–87.
II. The victim sacrificed at the Xalaquia festival, 87, 90

Xalisco. District in Mexico Toltecs in, 12

Xaltocan. Mexican city, 50

Xan. An animal mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 225

Xaquixahuana. Place in Peru, 284

Xauxa. Place in Peru, 285

Xbakiyalo. Wife of Hunhun-Apu, 220

Xbalanque (Little Tiger). A hero-god, twin with Hun-Apu; in a Kiche myth, 211–219;
in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220, 223–227;
mentioned, 237

Xecotcovach. Bird in the Kiche story of the creation, 209

Xibalba.
I. A semi-legendary empire of the Maya, 144.
II. The Kiche Hades, “Place of Phantoms”; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220–222, 225–227;
possible origin of the conception, 229;
properly a “place of the dead,” 229;
origin of the name, 229

Xibalbans. In the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 221, 225–227;
the originals of, 228–229;
nature of, 229

Xilonen. Form of Chicomecohuatl, 85

Ximenes, Francisco. Copied and translated the Popol Vuh, 207

Xipe (The Flayed). Mexican god, 91–92;
his dress assumed by Aztec monarchs and leaders, 91–92;
Xolotl has affinities with, 95;
God A thought to resemble, 174

Xiuhtecutli (Lord of the Year). A name of the Mexican fire-god, 95

Xiumalpilli. In Mexican calendar, 40

Xiyan Caan. City in Yucatan, 153

Xmucane (Female Vigour). The mother-god in the Kiche story of the creation in the Popol Vuh, 209;
in the Vukub-Cakix myth, 212–213;
in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220–225;
equivalent to the Mexican Omeciuatl, 236

Xochicalco (The Hill of Flowers). A teocalli near Tezcuco, 33–34

Xochimilcos. Aztec tribe, 233

Xochipilli. A name of Macuilxochitl, which see

Xochitla. A flower-garden near Tollan; the legend of Tezcatlipoca and, 63

Xochitonal. Monster in the Mexican Other-world, 38

Xochiyayotl (The War of Flowers). Campaign for the capture of victims for sacrifice, 98–99, 100

Xolotl.
I. King of the Chichimecs, 20;
Teotihuacan rebuilt by, 33.
II. A sun-god, 93–94;
of southern origin and foreign to Mexico, 93;
probably identical with Nanahuatl, 93;
representative of human sacrifice, 93;
has affinities with Xipe, 93;
representations of, 94

Xpiyacoc. The father god in the Popol Vuh story of the creation, 209;
in the Vukub-Cakix myth, 212–213;
in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220;
equivalent to the Mexican Ometecutli, 236

Xquiq (Blood). A princess of Xibalba, daughter of Cuchumaquiq; in Popol Vuh myth, 222

Xulu. A sorcerer mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 227

Y

Yacatecutli. Tutelar god of travellers of the merchant class in Mexico, 114;
the Maya Ekchuah probably parallel with, 177

Yahuarhuaccac. Seventh Inca, 283

Yahuar-pampa (Plain of Blood). Battle of, 285

Yamquisupa. Village; Thonapa and, 319

Yanacaca. Rocks; in a myth of Paricaca, 327

Yaotzin (The Enemy). A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca, 66

Yatiri (The Ruler). Aymara name of Pachacamac in his form of Pachayachachic; Huaina Ccapac and, 299

Year. The Mexican, 39, 40

Yetl. God of natives of British Columbia, 12;
probably cognate with Quetzalcoatl, 12, 83

Yma Sumac (How Beautiful). Daughter of Curi-Coyllur; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 252–253

Yoalli Ehecatl (The Night Wind). A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca, 66

Yohualticitl. A name of Metztli, which see

Yolcuat. Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84

Yopi. Indian tribe; Xipe adopted from, 92

Yucatan. Settlement of the Maya in, 151–152;
architectural remains in, 178

Yucay. Inca ruins at, 269

Yum Kaax (Lord of the Harvest Fields). Maya deity; God E probably identical with, 174

Yunca. Name given to the tropical and lowland districts of Peru, 255

Yupanqui Pachacutic. Ninth Inca, known also as Pachacutic. See Pachacutic

Z

Zacatecas. Mexican province, 32

Zapoteca. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23;
builders of Mitla, 31;
their calendric system, 38;
and Quetzalcoatl, 84–85;
creation-myth of, 121–122;
Maya influences transmitted to the Nahua through, 147;
in effect a border people, influenced by and influencing Maya and Nahua, 147;
of Nahua stock, 147

Zaque. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24

Zipacna (Cockspur or Earth-heaper). Son of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth in the Popol Vuh, 211–213, 216

Zippa. A chieftain of the Chibchas, 276

Zoque. A chieftain of the Chibchas, 276

Zotuta. Region in Yucatan inhabited by remnant of Cocomes, 156

Zotzilaha Chimalman. The Maya bat-god, called also Camazotz, 171–172

Zumarraga. Mexican chronicler, 13

Zutugil dialect, 145