Livingstone, David, Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi and its Tributaries, and of the Discovery of Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa, 1858-1864. London, John Murray, 1865. (Original unabridged edition.)
Rowley, Rev. Henry, Story of the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa. London, 1866.
Macdonald, Rev. Duff, Africana, 2 vols. London, Simpkin, Marshall and Co., 1882.
Johnston, Sir H. H., K.C.B., British Central Africa. London, Methuen, 1897.
Scott, Rev. D. C., Cyclopædic Dictionary of the Mang’anja Language. Edinburgh, Blackwood, 1892.
Barnes, Rev. H. B. (U.M.C.A.), Nyanja-English Vocabulary. London, S.P.C.K., 1902.
Occasional Papers for Nyasaland (Likoma, 1893), afterwards The Nyasa News (Likoma, 1893-95). This periodical contains a large amount of exceedingly valuable information. Some use has also been made of two other magazines—Life and Work in Central Africa (Blantyre), and The Aurora (Livingstonia Mission, Bandawe).