INDEX
- Abortion, artificial, 102, 103, 104, 105
- as a religious ceremony, 164
- Abstinence, Hartmann on sexual, 186
- Aged, fear of death by, 131
- Albius, and artificial fertilisation, 20
- Alcohol, and length of life, 259
- as producer of sclerosis, 247
- Altruism, limitations of, 296
- Anæsthetics, influence of, compared with death, 159
- Ancestor-worship, in China, 144
- Animism, Tylor on, 138, 139, 140
- Anisoplia and light, 36
- Annelids, vegetative reproduction of, 264
- Annihilation, Büchner on, 220
- Mailaender on, 188
- Anthropoid apes, relationship to man, 55
- social instincts of, 105
- Ants, sexual disharmonies in, 34
- Apes, compared with man, 42, 43
- Appendage, vermiform, of man and apes, 44
- Appendicitis, 66, 67
- Apoplexy, phagocytes in, 239
- Aristotle, on future life, 169
- on pleasure, 6
- Art, as affected by Christianity, 13
- of the Greeks, 5
- Arterial sclerosis, 247
- Arteries, in old age, 237
- Asceticism, 11
- Atrophy, in old age, 238
- Aurelius, Marcus, on death, 172,174, 262
- Bacon, on failure of philosophy, 203
- on lengthening life, 257
- Bacteria of the intestines, 248, 249
- Baobab-tree, age of, 266
- Baudelaire, on death, 288
- Baumann, on microbes in intestines, 251
- Beetles, as food of wasp larvæ, 28, 29
- Behring, von, on diphtheria, 211
- Benares, Buddha’s sermon at, 154
- Bert, Paul, on treatment of the aged, 130
- Bible, old age in, 280
- Bienstock, on harmful microbes, 256
- on intestinal putrefaction, 255
- Birds, absence of large intestine in, 252
- age of, 232
- Bischoff, on reproductive organs of apes, 81
- Blindness, of infants, how prevented, 211
- Blood, experiments on serum of, 52, 53
- Blood corpuscles, specific sensibility of, 160
- Boas, on cancer, 215
- Bones, in old age, 237, 243
- Bordet, on cytotoxic serums, 245
- Botulism (“sausage-disease”), microbe of, 257
- Brain, invasion of macrophags (figure), 241
- Brunetière, on failure of science, 218
- Buddha, contempt of women, 9
- Buddha, on Nirvâna, 158
- Buddhism, and celibacy, 163
- Büchner, on Buddhism, 144
- Burial, of the old, alive, 152
- Bütschli, on immortality of protozoa, 264
- Byron, on fear of death, 177
- Cæcum, absence of, in birds, 253
- Çakya-Mouni, discovers death and disease, 119, 120
- Calkins, on degeneration of infusoria, 232
- Cancer, in alimentary canal, 73, 74
- Casimir, sacrifices at burial of, 141
- Castration, Hartmann on, 183
- Catasetum, disharmony in, 30
- Catasetum saccatum (figure), 24
- Caterpillars and cocoons, 33
- Celibacy, 12, 13, 163
- Cellulose, digestion of, 252
- Centenarians, Lankester on, 259
- Lejoncourt on, 280
- Cerceris, figure of, 28
- Chætogaster, vegetative reproduction of (figure), 265
- Chemotaxis, of sexual cells, 268
- Childbirth, ages of women at, 93
- pains of, 92
- Chinese, ancestor-worship among, 144
- Christianity, and asceticism, 11
- Chromophags, in blanching of hairs, 243
- Cicero, on death, 169, 263
- on future life, 169
- Civilisation, and progress, 292
- Cocoons, formation of, 33
- Confucius, on ancestor-worship, 145, 146
- Conjugation, and immortality, 264
- Connective tissue, in old age, 236, 238
- Consciousness, relation of to bodily functions, 160
- Credé, on prevention of infantile blindness, 210
- Cruger, on bees and orchids, 23
- Cuisine, modern, evils of, 292
- Cytotoxic serums, 245
- Dahlmann, on meaning of Nirvâna, 156
- Darwin, on fertilisation of orchids, 21, 22
- Davids, Rhys, on meaning of Nirvâna, 156, 157
- Death, Aurelius on, 262
- Baudelaire on, 288
- Cicero on, 169, 263
- Guyau on, 195
- Hartmann on, 184
- Mailaender on, 188, 189, 190
- Nordau on, 193
- Plato on, 166, 167
- Renan on, 195
- Rückert on, 195
- Schiller on, 195
- Schopenhauer on, 179, 180, 181, 288
- Seneca on, 171
- Socrates on, 166, 167
- Tokarsky on, 125
- Tolstoi on, 122, 123, 299
- Weismann on, 266
- Zola on, 226
- Philosophers on, 133
- as annihilation, 162
- compared with anæsthetics, 159
- fear of, 115, 116, 153
- feigning of, 114
- in ephemerids, 275
- instinct of, 281, 298
- of Jewish patriarchs, 280, 281
- natural, 266, 272, 277, 278, 279, 280, 299
- in old age, 267
- scientific study of, 262
- Degeneration, senile, in infusoria, 231
- De Goncourt, quotations from, 121, 225
- Deniker, a fœtus of man and ape, 47
- Descartes, on lengthening life, 257
- Desire of life, not to be ignored, 228
- De Vries, on new species, 57
- Diet, as regulated by religious, 162
- Digestive system of man, 60
- Disease, religious measures against, 164
- Dogs, old age in, 233
- D’Holbach, on natural morality, 7
- Dragon-tree, of Oratava, 265
- Dubois, on Pithecanthropus, 50
- Du Bois Reymond, on agnosticism, 221
- Dufour, on wasps, 27
- Duhring, a blind optimist, 117
- Duncan, Matthews, on childbirth, 94
- Duration of life, 277, 278
- Ebstein, on prolonging life, 258, 260
- Ecclesiastes, on life, 293
- Edgren, on arterial sclerosis, 247
- Elixirs of life, 257
- Emasculation, by Skoptsy, 9
- Ephemerids (figures), 271, 273
- Epicureans, summum bonum of, 6
- Ewald, on microbes in intestines, 251, 252
- Eye, of man, imperfections of, 78
- Fabre, on caterpillars, 33
- Faith, modern return to, 222
- Family instincts, 108
- love, 295
- Fauvel, on natural death, 280
- Fear, of death, Rousseau on, 118
- Feet, of man and apes, 43
- Fichte, on future life, 176
- Finot, on continuity of life, 197
- Flies, cause of death of, 274
- Flora of the intestines, 248, 249, 251
- Flourens, on limits of life, 277
- Fœtus of gibbon, figure of, 46
- of man, figure of, 47
- Food, of ancestral man, 74
- Fossorial wasps, 27, 34
- Future life, Cicero on, 169
- General paralysis, symptoms of, 111
- Gerontology, science of old age, 297
- Glow-worms, 37
- Goal of human life, 300, 301
- Gods, of the Greeks, 4
- of the Orientals, 4
- Goncourt, E. de, quotations on fear of death, 121, 132
- Gorillas, old age in, 233
- Greek art, 5
- philosophy, 5
- Gruenbaum, on injection of serums, 54
- Guinea-pigs, reared without microbes, 249
- Guyau, on death, 195, 196;
- Haeckel, on the “cellular soul,” 269
- Hair, blanching of, 242 (figure), 243
- Hammerling, on optimism, 191, 192
- “Hamlet,” quotation from, 227
- Hands, of man and apes, 43
- Happiness, Hartmann on, 186
- Hartmann, on death, 184
- Hassenstein, on childbirths in the young, 283
- Heape, on menstruation, 88
- Hegel, death from cholera, 120
- Heim, on feelings at death, 126
- Hell of Chinese Buddhists, 149
- Helmholz, on the eye, 78
- Henseler, on ages of patriarchs, 259
- Hermaphroditism, 79, 80
- Herminium monorchis, figure of, 26
- Huber, on ants, 34
- Hufeland, on prolonging life, 258
- Humanity, vagueness of conception, 296
- Humboldt, on natural morality, 8
- Hunt, on burial of the aged living, 152
- Hutcheson, on naturalism, 7
- Huxley, on origin of man, 41
- Hymen, disharmonies of, 85
- Illusion, Hartmann on, 183
- Mailaender on, 188
- Immortality, Aristotle on, 169
- Inaudi, the calculator, 58
- Infanticide, 103, 104
- Infusoria, conjugation of, 231
- Insects, compared with vertebrates, 276
- Instinct of death, 281, 282, 283, 298
- Intestines, bacterial flora of, 248, 249
- Jewish belief in future life, 142
- Justice, in relation to humanity, 112
- Kant, on future life, 176
- Kephir, use of, 255
- Khémâ, legend on immortality, 147
- Kidney ducts, 80
- Koch, on microbe of tuberculosis, 212
- Lactic acid, arrests putrefaction, 255
- Lady-birds and nectar, 32
- Language, as a social band, 297
- Lankester, Ray, on centenarians, 259
- Lanugo, of human embryo, 62
- Larvæ, of ephemerids, 276
- Lecky, on natural morality, 8
- Lejoncourt, on centenarians, 280
- Leucocytes and phagocytes, 240
- Liberty, future limitation of, 301
- Life, duration of, in Biblical times, 259, 260
- Light, attractive to insects, 35
- Linnæus, on origin of man, 41
- Lister, and antisepsis, 209
- Listera ovata, figure of, 32
- Loeb, on natural death, 266
- Longet, on old age, 234
- Longevity, in birds, 232
- Love, Guyau on, 196
- spreading of, 295
- Lubbock, on ancestor-worship, 150
- an optimist, 117
- Luminous insects, 37
- Luther, Martin, on supernatural origin of disease, 164
- Luxury, evils of, 293, 294, 301
- Macrophags, definition of, 240
- Maeterlinck, on pessimism, 191
- Mailaender, on pessimism, 187, 188
- Malignant tumours, science and, 214
- Mammary glands, rudimentary, 298
- Man, destiny of, 286
- Marriage, age at first, 97
- Martelly, on intestinal putrefaction, 255
- Materialism, Büchner on, 220
- Haeckel on, 220
- Matriopathy, 6
- May-flies and light, 35
- Medicine, advance of, 210
- Memory, late development of, 78
- Ménière, on bees and orchids, 21
- Menstruation, in monkeys, 88, 89
- Merkel, on tissue-changes in old age, 238
- Metamorphoses, of ephemerides, 272
- Metchnikoff, on blanching of hair, 242
- on senile atrophy, 238
- Metchnikoff, Madame, on tadpoles
- reared without microbes, 249
- Meyer-Benfey, on happiness, 198
- on immortality, 198
- Microbes, absence of, in ephemerids, 274
- Microphags, definition of, 240
- functions of, 240
- Milk, fermented or soured, beneficent action of, 255
- Monkeys, and choice of food, 75
- Morality, based on human nature, 9
- true foundation of, 289
- Mosaic regulations on diet, 162, 163
- Moths and light, 35
- Müller, Johannes, on the eye, 78
- Mutilations of the body, 9, 15
- Naegeli, on natural death, 265
- Natural death, 302
- Nature, Marcus Aurelius on life according to, 173
- and morality, early opinions on, 3
- Negroes and whites, 109
- Nicene Creed, compared with ancestor-worship, 151
- Nirvâna, Aurelius and, 175
- Nordau, on old age, 234
- Nuttall and Thierfelder, on germ-free guinea-pigs, 249
- Obstetrics, in ancient times, 300
- Old age, Longet on, 234
- Onanism, 35, 95, 96, 99
- Optimism, Hammerling on, 191, 192
- Nordau on, 192
- Optimists generally old men, 117
- Origin of man, due to sudden appearance of new characters, 57, 59
- Ourangs, old age in, 233
- Orchids, and fertilisation, 19, 20
- Orthobiosis, the taste of science, 289
- Ostwald, on love of humanity, 296
- Ova, immortality of, 267
- Pain, Nordau on, 193
- Palingenia, swarming of, 272
- Pantheism, of German poets, 195
- Paradise, according to the Talmud, 143
- of Chinese Buddhists, 149
- Paramecium, conjugation of (figure), 231
- division of (figure), 230
- Parasites, late evolution of, 18
- Parovaria, 80
- Parrots, paucity of bacterial flora in, 253
- Pasteur, as founder of modern scientific medicine, 209
- Pasénadi, legend on immortality, 147
- Pathology, of old age, 278
- Patriotism, 295
- Pelopæus, figure of, 34
- Penis, os, in man and apes, 81
- Personality, consciousness of, 160
- Pessimism, Byron on, 177
- Pettenkofer, suicide of, 131
- Pfeffer, on chemotaxis in cryptogams, 269
- Pflüger, on prolonging life, 258
- Pfungst, on meaning of Nirvâna, 156
- Phagocytes, functions of, 239
- Phagocytosis, in old age, 244
- in senility, 242
- Philosophy, and death, 166
- Phenol, production of by microbes, 251
- Pithecanthropus, 50
- Placenta, of man and apes, 46
- Plague, cause of, 208
- Plato, and nobility of man, 4
- Pleasure, views of Plato and Aristotle on, 6
- Plotin, on immortality, 175
- Pollinia of orchids, 21
- Politicians, incapacity of young, 295
- Politics, compared with savage obstetrics, 300
- Post-mortem examinations, 246, 289
- Pregnancy, avoidance of, 101
- Progress, Hartmann on, 185
- Protection, means for, amongst animals, 114
- Protozoa, absence of death, 263
- sensibility of, 268
- Purgatory, in Taoism, 146
- Putrefaction, in large intestine, 73, 254
- Rabbits, and destruction of young, 34, 37
- Reformation, 14
- Regeneration, in brain, 277
- Religion, and diet, 163
- Renal tubule, invasion of macrophags (figure), 241
- Renan, on death, 195
- Renaissance, art of, 14
- Reproduction, not cause of death in ephemerids, 275
- Reproductive organs, 79
- Resignation, in Buddhism, 159
- Resurrection, primitive belief in, 140
- Réville, on Chinese belief in immortality, 145, 146
- Rhizotrogus and light, 36
- Richet, on failure of science, 222
- Rousseau, on age and love of life, 117
- Rovighi, on utility of milk diet, 255
- Rückert, on death, 195
- Rudimentary organs, in man, 59, 60
- Sacrifice, at burials, 140, 141
- Saint-Foix, on sacrifice of horses, 141
- St. Matthew, on celibacy, 12
- Savage, on old age in apes, 233
- on social instincts of apes, 105
- Schiller, on death, 195
- Schopenhauer, and cholera, 120
- Schottelius, on rearing of germ-free chicks, 249
- Science, advance of, 286
- Sclerosis of arteries, 248
- Scotch clergy on man, 12
- Seidlitz, on natural morality, 8
- Selenka, on fœtus of man and ape, 47
- Self-preservation, 113, 275
- Seneca, on death, 171
- Senile decay action of macrophags, 241
- Sensibility, specific, of white blood corpuscles, 160
- Serum, alteration of properties, 51
- Serums, use of, in old age, 245, 246
- Sexuality, early appearance of, 94, 95
- Sexual cells, immortality of, 268
- soul of, 268
- Shakespeare, sorrow and knowledge, 227
- Shaving, regarded as degrading, 5
- Skeleton, of man and apes, 43
- Skin, of man, 62
- Skoptsy, and emasculation, 9
- Social instincts, 105, 109, 113
- Societies, of insects, 294
- Socrates, and death, 166, 167
- Solidarity, of men, 297
- Solomon, sorrow and knowledge, 226
- Soul of cells, Haeckel on, 269
- Soured milk, benefits of, 255
- Spencer, H., on belief in resurrection, 140
- Spermatozoa, immortality of, 267
- in old men, 97
- Spinoza, on immortality, 175
- Sterility, in human life, 295
- in social insects, 294
- Stoics, summum bonum of, 6
- on future life, 169
- Strassburger, on microbes of the intestines, 248
- Suicide, increase of, 4
- Supernaturalism, modern craving for, 222
- Survival after death, widespread belief in, 149
- Sutherland, on morality of expropriation, 109, 296
- Syphilis, absence of reference to in Bible, 260
- Tadpoles, reared without microbes, 249
- Taine, on Christian art, 14
- Tait, Lawson, on cysts, 80
- Talmud, on paradise, 143
- Taoism, and immortality, 146
- Teeth, disharmonies of, 63, 64
- Telepathy, no argument for future life, 161
- Tetanus, microbes of, 256
- Thanatology, science of death, 297
- Thierfelder, and Nuttall, on germ-free guinea-pigs, 249
- Tissier, on intestinal putrefaction, 255
- Tokarsky, on fear of death, 125, 279
- Tolstoi, on fear of death, 115, 122, 299
- Tombs, burial of weapons and implements, 139
- Transfusion of blood serum, 51
- Transmigration of souls, in Buddhism, 157
- of souls, Jewish belief in, 144
- Trees, death of, 265
- Tuberculosis, modern science and, 212
- Tylor, on ancestor-worship, 150
- on animism, 138
- Uhlenhuth, on injection of serums, 53
- Vanilla, cultivation of, 19
- fertilisation of, 20
- Vaccination, 301
- Vermiform appendage and disease, 66, 68
- of man and apes, 44
- Virginity, historical importance of, 83, 84
- Waitz-Gerland, on primitive customs, 139
- Weapons, burial with dead, 139
- Weismann, on origin of death, 266
- on immortality of protozoa, 264
- Wiedersheim, on human characters, 59
- Will to live, Mailaender on, 189
- Schopenhauer on, 182
- Wisdom teeth, degeneration of, 64, 65
- Women, views of Buddha on, 9
- Wounds, modern success in healing of, 210
- Xenocrates, 5
- Youth, absence of fear of death, 116, 117
- Zola, on death, 225
- on fear of death, 121
- Zulu, ancestor-worship, 151