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The new air world

Chapter 3: LIST OF FIGURES
By Willis L. Moore
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About This Book

The text presents an accessible introduction to meteorology, tracing how atmospheres form and behave and explaining light, heat, temperature, and condensation. It surveys observational tools and techniques, including instrument shelters, kites, and weather maps, and teaches how to read daily synoptic charts to recognize and forecast cyclones, cold waves, tornadoes, and frost. It discusses global wind and pressure patterns, climate and its modification by land, ocean, and human activity, regional climatic suitability for health and agriculture, and the organization and history of the national weather service, aiming to make practical weather knowledge usable by lay readers and students.


LIST OF FIGURES

Instrument Shelter (Figure 4) Frontispiece
 
FIGURE PAGE
1. Winter and Summer Vertical Temperature Gradients, in degrees Centigrade and Fahrenheit 12
2. Showing light from lamp a passing into dust-free air at b, and passing out at c without illuminating the interior 46
3. Standard Weather Bureau Kite 64
5. Comparison of the Thermometer Scales 67
6. Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometers 68
7. Mercurial Barometer 78
8. Continuous records of the temperature from 4 P.M. to 9 A.M. 87
9. Continuous records of the temperature 5 feet and 35 feet above ground on a tower in a pear orchard 95
10. Average dates of last killing frost in Spring 96
11. Average dates of first killing frost in Fall 97
12. Trade wind circulation 99
13. Average surface winds and pressure of the globe 102
14. How winds would blow into a cyclone on a non-rotating earth 108
15. Deflection of wind due to earth’s rotation 109
16. Annual, summer, and winter wind velocities with altitude 110
17. Tornado Cloud 145
18. The St. Louis Tornado of May 27, 1896, Shot a Pine Scantling through the Iron Side of the Eads Bridge 147
19. The St. Louis Tornado of May 27, 1896, Shot a Shovel Six Inches into the Body of a Tree 147
20. The St. Louis Tornado Drove Straws One half Inch into Wood 149
21. Equinoxes, March 21 and September 22 163
22. Summer Solstice, June 21 164
23. Winter Solstice, December 21 164
24. Winter and Summer Solstices, and the Equinoxes 165
25. As angle of incidence decreases from 90° to 10° the heat received on upper end of blocks is spread over greater area at bottom, and its temperature diminished 165
26. Altitude attained by Sun at midday and length of its track above the horizon at the Summer and Winter Solstices and at the two Equinoxes 167
27. Summer day and Summer night temperatures in the same narrow valley 204
28. Average Monthly Temperature and Rainfall of Typical Places in North America 207
29. Average Monthly Temperature and Rainfall of Typical Places in the Old World 208
30. Changes in Climate in California during the Christian Era 237
31. Snow Crystals 286