INDEX
Abdul-Hamid deposed as Sultan, 185
Adana massacres, 190
Adrianople, invested by Bulgarians in Balkan War, 292; captured by combined Servian and Bulgarian armies, 313; Turks reoccupy, 349
Agadir expedition reopens the Moroccan question in 1911, 78; terms of the two treaties signed by France and Germany, 81
Agram and the Serbo-Croat movement, 147-8
Albania: hotbed of rebellions, but partial to Moslem rule, 210; a thorn in the flesh to the chancelleries of Europe, 351; her political status before and during the Balkan War, 353; put in the hands of the Powers by the Treaty of London, 1913, 360; Prince William of Wied made ruler of new kingdom, 364; his abdication, 366; now under the provisional government of Essad pasha, 366
Algeciras, Conference of European Powers on the Moroccan question at, 73; provisions of the Convention, signed April 7, 1906, 74
Alsace-Lorraine, annexed to Germany in 1871, 1; political status in the Empire, 6; new Constitution granted in 1911, 11; autonomy demanded, 12; persecutions suffered from Prussian military arrogance, 15-20
Analogy between German Socialists of to-day and the Jacobins of 1793, 32
Anglo-French agreement of 1904 published, 81
Arabs in Ottoman Empire oppose Young Turk hegemony, 214-218
Armenia, Turkish and Moslem oppression in, 187; horrors of the Adana massacres, 190
Austria-Hungary, and her south Slavs, 142-160; the Dual Monarchy's Balkan policy and problems, 144-160; acts the bully against Servia, 156
Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Servia, 368-385; the direct sequence of the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, 368-371; exciting cause: the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife at Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, 374; Austria's note to Servia and demands for reparation, 376; the Servian reply, 381; declared not satisfactory by Austro-Hungarian Minister, 384; war declared on Servia, July 28, 1914, 384
Bagdadbahn, The, 58-70, 216; the Pan-Germanist conception of it, 62; concession granted in 1899, and company constituted in 1903, 65; British oppose successfully German schemes in Asiatic Turkey, 66
Balbo, Cesare, on the "Hope of Italy," 125
Balkan States: Alliance of Bulgaria, Servia, Greece, and Montenegro against Turkey, 263; Russian and Austro-Hungarian joint note to the States, 268; war declared by Montenegro, October 8, 1912, 270; causes of Turkish disasters, 279; story of the Thracian campaign, 283-293; capture of Kirk Kilissé and battle of Lulé Burgas, 285-289; Bulgarians halt at Tchatalja, 290; Servian and Greek successes, 293-300; conditions of armistice, signed December 3d, 302; failure of first peace conference, 308; mediation of the Great Powers accepted, 316; terms of the Treaty of London, which ended war, 316; rupture between the Balkan allies, 319-329; disputes over division of the spoil bring on second Balkan War, 321-327; treachery of the Bulgarians at Salonika, 330-334; Servian and Greek successes, 333-337; Rumania intervenes against Bulgaria, 338; Montenegro supports Servia, 341; Bulgaria humiliated, and new map for the Balkan peninsula made by the Treaty of Bukarest, 343-350
Banca di Roma in Tripoli, 243
Belgian neutrality violated by Germany, August 3, 1914, 397
Belgium, Germany's ultimatum to, 405; the reply, 407
Bethmann-Hollweg, von, German Chancellor, 10; his arbitrary ruling forbidding discussion of the Polish lands question in the Reichstag, rebuked, 114; his disregard for parliamentary opinion in the German Confederation, 115; his notes to London, Paris, and Petrograd on the Servian ultimatum, 391; tries to bargain for Great Britain's neutrality at the expense of France, but fails, 404; his explanation in the Reichstag for Germany's violation of neutrality, 409
Bismarck, in the Congress of Berlin, 26; indifferent to the Eastern Question, 27; concerned chiefly with internal problems, 28; inaugurates new German colonial policy by annexations in Africa, 41; purchases Russian neutrality in 1870, 137-8
Bosnia-Herzegovina, under the rule of Austria-Hungary, 148-155; how their annexation was effected despite the protests of England, Russia, Turkey, and Servia, 368-371
Bülow, von, German Chancellor, on the Moroccan situation in 1906, 74
Bulgaria, aspirations in Macedonia, 168-173,176-8, 207; alliance with Greece, 231, 237-8, 265; in the Balkan War, 275-293; attitude towards Servia and Greece after the Treaty of London, 321-7; fights her former allies, 328-40; loses Adrianople again to Turks, 349
Bundesrath, composition of, 7, 11
Burney, British Admiral, on the future of Albania, 363
Carol, King of Rumania, loyalty to Hohenzollerns, 134
Colonization policy of the German Government, 44; opposition against it in Germany, 44-45
Congress of Berlin, 161; its provisions disregarded by the contracting Powers and the Balkan States, 162, 240; its action on the Cretan question, 222
Convention of Reichstadt in 1876, 144, 166
Coup d'état of January 23, 1913. in Turkey, 307
Crete: Assembly decrees the island indissolubly united to Greece, 202; Turkey enforces the Greek commercial boycott, 203; put back under Ottoman rule by Congress of Berlin, 222; granted autonomy by the Powers in 1898, 224; Young Turks attempt to re-establish their authority, 228; rise of M. Venizelos from a Cretan revolutionary to become Prime Minister of Greece, 231; insincere and procrastinating diplomacy of the Powers on the Cretan question leads to the first Balkan War, 230-240, 264
Danube and the Dardanelles, 131-141; how the former is subordinated to the latter, 133; Russia's struggles for ocean waterways, 135-141
Dellbrück, Herr, Secretary of State for the Interior, sent to confer with Alsatians concerning the new Constitution, 10
Deutschland über Alles! 36
Duma, Poles in, 105-8
Durazzo, Servia forced to evacuate, 157
Drang nach Osten, according to Professors Haeckel and Wirth, 151; Austro-Hungarian attitude towards, 144; birth of, 165-6
Enver bey, in training at Berlin, 67; and the coup d'état of January 23, 1913, 307; attempts an offensive movement on the Gallipoli peninsula, 310
Essad pasha, in control of northern Albania, 361; put at head of new provisional government by Albanian Senate, 366
France: opposes German intervention in Morocco, 72; sends expeditionary force and captures Fez, 77; patches peace with Germany by mutual concessions, 81
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, assassinated, with his wife, at Sarajevo, on June 28, 1914, 374; assassinations preceding this, 153
German, connotation of word, 33
German citizenship law of 1914, 34-6
German Empire, how constituted in 1872, 6
Germans quoted on the superiority of their race, 29-31
Germany: in Alsace and Lorraine, 1-20; annexed the land but not the people, 2; her industrial prosperity since 1870 necessitated entering the colonial field, 40; annexations in Africa, China, and the Pacific, 41; how her campaign for the markets of the world has been carried on, 49; historical résumé of the attempts to obtain concessions in Asia Minor and Mesopotamia, 62-70; intervenes in Morocco in 1905 and 1910, 72-83; fails to obtain a foothold in Persia, 89-95: her treatment of the Poles, 111; forces war upon Russia and France, 386-398; backs Austria-Hungary in her demands upon Servia, 388; diplomatic exchanges day by day preceding the declaration of war, 392-398; violates the neutrality of Luxemburg and Belgium, 397; sends ultimatum to Belgium, 405
Great Britain enters the war, 399-412; commercial rivalry with Germany one of the causes, 399; Sir Edward Grey's efforts to prevent the outbreak, 402; refuses to make a bargain with Germany at the expense of France, 404; violation of Belgian neutrality by Germany the occasion for declaring war, 405, 411
Greece: her impotence in the war of 1897, 223; drawn into the Balkan alliance, 264; her rôle in the Balkan War, 276, 295, 299, 331, 333, 336
Greek Church, 170, 171, 196, 197
Grey, Sir Edward, supports France in resisting German claims in Morocco, 81; makes strenuous efforts to prevent war, 393, 402, 404
Hakki pasha predicts European War, 247
Haldane, Lord, his mission to Germany in 1912, 54
Hamidieh, Turkish cruiser, raids the Ægean, 304 note
Herreros against Germany, 20,44
Holepa, Pact of, 222
Hussein Hilmi pasha, characterization of Macedonians, 237
Italia Irredenta, 119-130; meaning of the term "Irredentism," 120; Cesare Balbo on the "Hope of Italy," 125; the struggle to gain control of the Adriatic, 128
Italy: sends ultimatum to Turkey to consent to the occupation of Tripoli, 247; war begins September 30, 1911, 248; decree annexing the African provinces of Turkey approved by Italian Parliament, November 5th, 250; peace secured by Treaty of Lausanne, October 15, 1912, 260, 273
Janina, surrendered to the Greeks, 311
Jews, development of business sense, 49; oppressed in Poland and Russia, 107, 117
Kholm separated from the Kingdom of Poland in 1912, 106
Kiau-Chau, China, leased to Germany for ninety-nine years, 43; increase of commerce of, 46
Kirk-Kilissé captured by the Bulgarians, 286
Koweit, British seize, 66
Lausanne, Treaty of, 260
Lodz, a German outpost in Poland, 97
London, Treaty of, 316
Lulé Burgas, battle of, 287
Luxemburg neutrality violated by Germany, August 2, 1914, 397
Macedonia, racial rivalries in, 161-179; fomented by Austro-Turkish policy, 167; complicated by Russian intrigues in the Balkan States, 171; Armenian massacres of 1893, 174; failure of the international "pacification" policy, 176; how the Young Turks decided to solve the Macedonian problem, 207
Mesopotamia, British and German rivalry in, 67
Montenegro, opens first Balkan War by a memorable declaration, 270; enters war against Bulgaria, 341
Morocco, German intervention in 1905 in, 72; Convention of Algeciras in 1906 decides the international status of, 73; question reopened by the Agadir incident in 1911, 78; French protectorate over, agreed to by Germany, 81-82
Mürszteg, Program of, 176
Narodna Obrana, Servian patriotic society organized in support of the national aspirations for a "Greater Servia," 155, 373! its dissolution demanded by Austria-Hungary, 378; and agreed to by Servia, 383
Nazim pasha assassinated, 308
New citizenship law enacted in Germany, January 1, 1914, 34
Nicholas, Czar, proclamation to Poles, Aug. 16, 1914, 116
Novi Bazar, Sandjak of, 144, 368,341
Osmanlis, contrast of civilization to Roman and Byzantine, 60
Pan-Germanic movement in Germany, 55
Pan-Islamic movement, failure of, 64, 70
Paris, Congress of (1856), forbids the Black Sea to Russia, 137
Persia, Passing of, 84-95; Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907, 87; terms of the Russo-German Accord of 1911, 92
Persian Constitutionalists, weakness of, 87
Poland, and its partitioners, 96-118; its redistribution by the Congress of Vienna, 97; the Polish revolutions of 1830 and 1863, 98; harsh treatment of the Poles since 1864 in Russia, 99; separation of Kholm in 1912, 106; condition of the Poles in Austria-Hungary since 1867, 108; how the Poles have fared in Germany since 1870, 111; international aspect of the Polish question, 115-118
"Program of Mürszteg," proposed as a solution of the Macedonian problem, 176
Radetzky, on the attitude of Russia to the Ottoman Empire, 136
Reichsland, Alsace-Lorraine constituted a, 6
Reichstadt, Convention of, 144
Ribot Ministry, fall of, 389, 403
Rumania: her neutrality discussed, 134; her rôle in the second Balkan War, 338-340; and the Treaty of Bukarest, 346
Ruthenians in Galicia, 109-111
Russia: ends Asiatic rivalry with Great Britain by convention of August 31, 1907, 87; sends troops to northern Persia in 1909, 90; comes to accord with Germany in Persia, 92; her despotic rule in Poland, 99; her strivings after ocean waterways, 135; promises to support Servia against Austrian aggression, 381, 394
Salonika, Austro-Hungarian dream of possessing, 144, 166; surrendered to the Greeks, 297, 321
Sandansky, the capturer of Miss Stone, an American missionary, 328
Sarajevo, Archduke Ferdinand and his wife assassinated at, 374
Saverne, affair of, 17-18
Scutari surrendered to the Montenegrins, 315
Serbo-Croatian national aspirations repressed in southern Hungary, 146
Servia: her national aspirations for a strong independent state held in check by Austria-Hungary, 143-149, 155-158; her rôle in the Balkan alliance, against Turkey, 276, 293; capture of Monastir, 294; her rupture with Bulgaria precipitates second Balkan War, 323; protests against annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary, 368; forced into submission, 371; receives ultimatum from Austria for the Sarajevo assassination, 376; her answer conciliatory but not satisfactory, 381-384; war declared against her, 384
Shuster mission in Persia a failure, 91
Tchatalja, Bulgarian attack halted at, 291
Thracian campaign in the Balkan War, 276-292
Treaty of Bukarest, 343-350: terms of the protocols signed by the allies and new map of the Balkan peninsula, 345-350
Treaty of Frankfort, 6, 21, 22
Treaty of Lausanne ends war between Italy and Turkey, 260
Treaty of London, signed May 30, 1913, 316; its terms, 318, 360
Treitschke's opinion of the British, 30
Triple Entente, 26
Tripoli annexed by Italy, 250
Turkey, the bloodless revolution of 1908, 180; Young Turks' constitutional régime, 182-219; why it failed, 185, 218; treatment of Armenians before and after the Adana massacres, 186; the attempt to suppress the liberties of the Orthodox Church, 194; the Cretan question and the Greek boycott, 201; the Young Turks and the Macedonian problem, 206, the Albanian uprisings, 210; treatment of the Arabs in Asiatic Turkey, 214; war with Italy over the occupation of Tripoli, 247, 262; war with the Balkan States, 263-300
Venizelos, Eleutherios, Prime Minister of Crete, urges Powers to place the island under Greek protection, 228; the diplomats temporize, 230; becomes Prime Minister of Greece and inaugurates constitutional reforms, 232
Weltpolitik of Germany, 22-57; the factors which have given birth to it, 29; its scope as announced by the Kaiser, 31; supported by new citizenship law, 34; "once a German always a German," 35; led to colonial annexations in Africa, China, and the Pacific, 41; its development creates a strong navy and merchant marine, 52; leads to railway concessions in Asia Minor and formation of the Bagdad Railway Company, 64; German intrigues in the Ottoman Empire, 66
Wilhelm, Emperor, makes tactless speech at Strasbourg, 14; attacked by Socialists in the Reichstag, 14-15; announces scope of the Weltpolitik, 31; historic speech in Tangier, March 31, 1905, 72; Venizelos interviews, 236
William of Wied, Prince, made Mpret of Albania, 364; abdicates after a short reign, 366
Wolff, Herr, leader of the German Liberal party, on the attitude of the anti-Prussian parties in the Reichsland, 19
Young Turks, see under Albania, Crete, Italy, Macedonia, and Turkey