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The Nile in 1904

Chapter 154: Appendix Q.
By Sir William Willcocks
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Science - Earth/Agricultural/Farming

About This Book

A technical survey of the Nile and its basin that maps the river's course, slopes, velocities, tributaries, and catchment areas, and analyzes seasonal discharges and climate. It reviews major lakes and channels—Victoria, Albert, the White, Blue and Atbara systems—and the Sudd and branch streams, with measured sections, gauge data, and maps. Practical chapters discuss soil, basin and perennial irrigation, flood behavior and protection, and proposals for dams, reservoirs and inter‑basin works to secure perennial supply and flood control. A final contribution treats Egypt's oases and regional geology, detailing rock formations, stratigraphy, and economically useful materials.

Kirats. pics and kirats converted into metres, referred to zero at R. L. 85·00 metres, or 1 pic 14 Kirats.
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17.
  metres. metres. metres. metres. metres. metres. metres. metres. metres. metres.  
0 ·89 1·48 2·03 2·62 3·16 3·69 4·18 4·66 5·15 5·39 0
1 ·91 1·50 2·05 2·65 3·18 3·71 4·20 4·68 5·16 5·40 1
2 ·93 1·52 2·08 2·67 3·20 3·73 4·22 4·70 5·17 5·41 2
3 ·95 1·54 2·10 2·70 3·22 3·75 4·24 4·72 5·18 5·42 3
4 ·97 1·56 2·13 2·72 3·24 3·77 4·26 4·74 5·19 5·43 4
5 1·00 1·59 2·15 2·74 3·27 3·79 4·28 4·76 5·20 5·44 5
6 1·02 1·61 2·18 2·76 3·29 3·82 4·30 4·78 5·21 5·45 6
7 1·05 1·63 2·21 2·78 3·31 3·84 4·32 4·80 5·22 5·46 7
8 1·07 1·65 2·24 2·80 3·34 3·86 4·34 4·82 5·23 5·47 8
9 1·09 1·67 2·26 2·82 3·37 3·88 4·36 4·84 5·24 5·48 9
10 1·11 1·69 2·29 2·84 3·39 3·90 4·38 4·86 5·25 5·49 10
11 1·13 1·72 2·31 2·86 3·41 3·92 4·40 4·88 5·26 5·50 11
12 1·15 1·74 2·33 2·88 3·43 3·94 4·42 4·90 5·27 5·51 12
13 1·17 1·76 2·35 2·90 3·46 3·96 4·44 4·92 5·28 5·52 13
14 1·20 1·78 2·37 2·93 3·48 3·98 4·46 4·94 5·29 5·53 14
15 1·22 1·81 2·39 2·95 3·50 4·00 4·48 4·96 5·30 5·54 15
16 1·25 1·83 2·42 2·97 3·52 4·02 4·50 4·98 5·31 5·55 16
17 1·28 1·86 2·45 3·00 3·54 4·04 4·52 5·00 5·32 5·57 17
18 1·31 1·88 2·48 3·02 3·56 4·06 4·54 5·02 5·33 5·58 18
19 1·34 1·91 2·50 3·04 3·58 4·08 4·56 5·04 5·34 5·59 19
20 1·37 1·94 2·52 3·06 3·60 4·10 4·58 5·06 5·35 5·60 20
21 1·40 1·96 2·55 3·09 3·62 4·12 4·60 5·09 5·36 5·61 21
22 1·42 1·98 2·57 3·11 3·64 4·14 4·62 5·11 5·37 5·62 22
23 1·45 2·00 2·60 3·13 3·66 4·16 4·64 5·13 5·38 5·63 23
Kirats. pics and kirats converted into metres, referred to zero at R. L. 85·00 metres, or 1 pic 14 Kirats.
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26.
  metres. metres. metres. metres. metres. metres. metres. metres. metres.  
0 5·64 5·91 6·18 6·46 6·74 7·26 7·83 8·35 8·88 0
1 5·65 5·92 6·19 6·47 6·76 7·28 7·85 8·37 8·91 1
2 5·66 5·93 6·20 6·48 6·78 7·31 7·87 8·39 8·93 2
3 5·67 5·94 6·21 6·49 6·80 7·35 7·89 8·41 8·95 3
4 5·68 5·96 6·23 6·50 6·83 7·37 7·91 8·43 8·97 4
5 5·69 5·97 6·24 6·51 6·85 7·39 7·93 8·46 9·00 5
6 5·70 5·98 6·25 6·52 6·87 7·41 7·96 8·48 9·02 6
7 5·71 5·99 6·26 6·53 6·89 7·43 7·98 8·50 9·04 7
8 5·72 6·00 6·27 6·54 6·91 7·46 8·00 8·52 9·06 8
9 5·74 6·01 6·28 6·56 6·93 7·48 8·02 8·54 9·09 9
10 5·75 6·02 6·29 6·57 6·96 7·50 8·04 8·56 9·11 10
11 5·76 6·03 6·31 6·58 6·98 7·52 8·06 8·59 9·13 11
12 5·77 6·04 6·32 6·59 7·00 7·54 8·09 8·61 9·15 12
13 5·78 6·05 6·33 6·61 7·02 7·56 8·11 8·63 9·18 13
14 5·79 6·07 6·34 6·62 7·04 7·59 8·13 8·65 9·20 14
15 5·80 6·08 6·35 6·63 7·06 7·61 8·15 8·68 9·22 15
16 5·81 6·09 6·36 6·64 7·09 7·63 8·17 8·70 9·24 16
17 5·83 6·10 6·37 6·65 7·11 7·66 8·20 8·72 9·26 17
18 5·84 6·12 6·39 6·66 7·13 7·68 8·22 8·74 9·29 18
19 5·85 6·13 6·40 6·68 7·16 7·71 8·24 8·76 9·31 19
20 5·87 6·14 6·41 6·69 7·18 7·73 8·26 8·79 9·33 20
21 5·88 6·15 6·42 6·70 7·20 7·75 8·29 8·81 9·35 21
22 5·89 6·16 6·43 6·71 7·22 7·78 8·31 8·83 9·37 22
23 5·90 6·17 6·44 6·73 7·24 7·80 8·33 8·85 9·40 23

Appendix N.

Table LXXII.—Table for Converting Cubic Metres per Day into Cubic Metres per Second.

Cubic metres
per day.		 Cubic metres
per second.
10,000 0·1157
20,000 0·2315
30,000 0·3472
40,000 0·4630
50,000 0·5787
60,000 0·6944
70,000 0·8102
80,000 0·9259
90,000 1·0417
100,000 1·1574
150,000 1·7361
200,000 2·3148
250,000 2·8935
300,000 3·4722
350,000 4·0509
400,000 4·6296
450,000 5·2083
500,000 5·7870
550,000 6·3657
600,000 6·9444
650,000 7·5231
700,000 8·1018
750,000 8·6805
800,000 9·2593
850,000 9·8380
900,000 10·4167
950,000 10·9954
1,000,000 11·5741
1,250,000 14·4676
1,500,000 17·3611
1,750,000 20·2546
2,000,000 23·1481
2,250,000 26·0417
2,500,000 28·9352
2,750,000 31·8287
3,000,000 34·7222
3,250,000 37·6157
3,500,000 40·5092
3,750,000 43·4028
4,000,000 46·2963
4,250,000 49·1898
4,500,000 52·0833
4,750,000 54·9768
5,000,000 57·8704
5,250,000 60·7639
5,500,000 63·6574
5,750,100 66·5509
6,000,000 69·4444
6,250,000 72·3380
6,500,000 75·2315
6,750,000 78·1250
7,000,000 81·0185
7,250,000 83·9120
7,500,000 86·8055
7,750,000 89·6991
8,000,000 92·5926
8,250,000 95·4861
8,500,000 98·3796
8,750,000 101·2731
9,000,000 104·1667
9,250,000 107·0602
9,500,000 109·9537
9,750,000 112·8472
10,000,000 115·7407
Rough Working
Approximations.
Cubic metres
per day.		 Cubic metres
per second.
125,000 1·5
250,000 3  
500,000 6  
750,000 9  
1,000,000 12  
2,000,000 24  
3,000,000 36  
4,000,000 48  
5,000,000 60  
6,000,000 72  
7,000,000 84  
8,000,000 96  
9,000,000 108  
10,000,000 120  

Table LXXIII.—Table for converting Cubic Metres per Second into Cubic Metres per Day.

Cubic metres
per second.		 Cubic metres
per day.
1 86,400
2 172,800
3 259,200
4 345,600
5 432,000
6 518,400
7 604,800
8 691,200
9 777,600
10 864,000
11 950,400
12 1,036,800
13 1,123,200
14 1,209,600
15 1,296,000
16 1,382,400
17 1,468,800
18 1,555,200
19 1,641,600
20 1,728,000
21 1,814,400
22 1,900,800
23 1,987,200
24 2,073,500
25 2,160,000
26 2,246,400
27 2,332,800
28 2,419,200
29 2,505,600
30 2,592,000
31 2,678,400
32 2,764,800
33 2,851,200
34 2,937,600
35 3,024,000
36 3,110,400
37 3,196,800
38 3,283,200
39 3,369,600
40 3,456,000
41 3,542,400
42 3,628,800
43 3,715,200
44 3,801,600
45 3,888,000
46 3,974,400
47 4,060,800
48 4,147,200
49 4,233,600
50 4,320,000
51 4,406,400
52 4,492,800
53 4,579,200
54 4,665,600
55 4,752,000
56 4,838,400
57 4,924,800
58 5,011,200
59 5,097,600
60 5,184,000
61 5,270,400
62 5,356,800
63 5,443,200
64 5,529,600
65 5,616,000
66 5,702,400
67 5,788,800
68 5,875,200
69 5,961,600
70 6,048,000
71 6,134,400
72 6,220,800
73 6,307,200
74 6,393,600
75 6,480,000
76 6,566,400
77 6,652,800
78 6,739,200
79 6,825,600
80 6,912,000
81 6,998,400
82 7,084,800
83 7,171,200
84 7,257,600
85 7,344,000
86 7,430,400
87 7,516,800
88 7,603,200
89 7,689,600
90 7,776,000
91 7,862,400
92 7,948,800
93 8,035,200
94 8,121,600
95 8,208,000
96 8,294,400
97 8,380,800
98 8,467,200
99 8,553,600
100 8,640,000

Appendix P.

Table LXXIV.—Bombay rainfall compared with the Assuân gauges.

Year. Bombay Rainfall
in millimetres		 Assuân Gauge
in metres
June. July. Au-
gust.		 Sept. Total
4
Months.		 Variation
from
normal.		 Au-
gust.		 Sept. Variation
from normal.
Aug. Sept.
1874 474 1046 282 279 2081 +267 7·96 8·59 +1·20 +0·91
1875 618 389 310 806 2123 +309 7·32 8·06 +0·56 +0·38
1876 328 602 220 119 1269 -545 7·19 8·38 +0·43 +0·70
1877 904 281 216 226 1627 -187 5·67 6·11 -1·09 -1·57
1878 505 1227 518 417 2667 +853 6·84 8·62 +0·08 +0·94
1879 420 285 567 142 1414 -400 7·39 8·13 +0·63 +0·45
1880 544 465 104 579 1692 -122 6·96 7·43 +0·20 -0·25
1881 387 747 483 116 1733 -81 5·96 8·07 -0·80 +0·39
1882 699 683 85 255 1722 -92 6·00 7·33 -0·76 -0·35
1883 346 1011 318 312 1987 +173 7·20 7·91 +0·44 +0·23
1884 335 655 386 432 1808 -6 6·06 7·04 -0·70 -0·64
1885 130 554 645 305 1634 -180 7·39 7·61 +0·63 -0·07
1886 1103 907 272 166 2448 +634 6·38 7·65 -0·38 -0·03
1887 610 785 445 463 2303 +489 7·95 8·62 +1·19 +0·94
1888 401 573 289 124 1387 -427 5·99 6·61 -0·77 -1·07
1889 505 775 260 63 1603 -211 6·88 7·91 +0·12 +0·23
1890 607 554 275 168 1604 -210 7·47 8·14 +0·71 +0·46
1891 348 830 170 575 1923 +109 6·79 7·83 +0·03 +0·15
1892 338 600 838 569 2345 +531 7·14 8·67 +0·38 +0·99
1893 544 399 343 197 1483 -331 6·97 7·43 +0·21 -0·25
1894 426 662 218 305 1611 -203 7·27 8·37 +0·51 +0·69
1895 452 455 402 307 1616 -198 8·07 8·10 +1·31 +0·42
1896 703 923 536 41 2203 +389 6·73 8·21 -0·03 +0·53
1897 351 780 351 520 2002 +188 6·23 7·53 -0·53 -0·15
1898 648 564 134 513 1859 +45 7·07 8·11 +0·31 +0·43
1899 527 121 133 88 869 -945 4·28 6·16 -2·48 -1·52
1900 442 508 603 203 1756 -58 6·90 7·13 +0·14 -0·55
1901 627 844 364 47 1882 +68 6·48 7·45 -0·28 -0·23
1902 248 369 468 701 1786 -28 4·25 6·40 -2·51 -1·28
1903 472 615 476 229 1792 -22 5·68 7·30 -1·08 -0·38
1904 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Appendix Q.

Table LXXV.—Station Addis Ababa. (Meteorological data).

1902
Month. Barometer Thermometer Hu-
mi-
di-
ty.		 Wind RAINFALL IN
MILLIMETRES
Mean. Vari-
ation
from
normal.		 Mean
max.		 Mean
min.		 Mean. Direc-
tion.		 Velo-
city.		 Fall. Vari-
ation
from
normal.
January .. .. 24·3 6·6 15·4 .. S .. 0 ..
February .. .. 22·0 9·3 15·6 .. S 22 E .. 65 ..
March .. .. 24·4 10·2 17·3 .. S 24 E .. 37 ..
April .. .. 22·3 11·1 16·7 .. S 45 E .. 111 ..
May .. .. 22·7 10·3 16·5 .. S 45 E .. 61 ..
June .. .. 25·2 9·9 17·5 .. S 45 E .. 142 ..
July .. .. 25·0 10·2 17·6 .. S 45 E .. 205 ..
August .. .. 24·8 10·0 17·4 .. S 45 E .. 167 ..
September .. .. 24·8 9·8 17·3 .. S 45 E .. 129 ..
October .. .. 25·9 6·9 16·4 .. S 88 E .. 16 ..
November .. .. 26·4 5·5 15·9 .. S 86 E .. 9 ..
December .. .. 25·6 4·5 15·0 .. E .. 39 ..
Mean .. .. 24·4 8·7 16·5 .. S 47 E .. 981 ..
1903
January .. .. 26·0 8·7 17·4 .. S 51 E .. 32 ..
February .. .. 28·2 8·3 18·2 .. S 42 E .. 25 ..
March .. .. 26·7 10·5 18·6 .. S 45 E .. 94 ..
April .. .. 27·8 10·0 18·9 .. S 45 E .. 88 ..
May .. .. 25·7 12·2 18·9 .. S 45 E .. 117 ..
June .. .. 24·4 10·0 17·2 .. S 45 E .. 191 ..
July .. .. 22·4 10·0 16·2 .. S 45 E .. 276 ..
August .. .. 21·6 10·5 16·0 .. S 29 E .. 248 ..
September .. .. 22·5 9·7 16·1 .. S .. 222 ..
October .. .. 24·5 7·3 15·9 .. S 80 E .. 28 ..
November .. .. 24·4 5·0 14·7 .. E .. 0 ..
December .. .. 23·6 6·5 15·0 .. N 88 E .. 18 ..
Mean .. .. 24·8 9·1 17·4 .. S 53 E .. 1339 ..
1904
January .. .. 25·4 4·6 .. ..   .. 0 ..
February .. .. 25·9 8·4 .. .. E .. 20 ..
March .. .. 26·2 9·2 .. .. S 59 E .. 126 ..
April .. .. 26·6 9·9 .. .. S 50 E .. 31 ..
May .. .. 27·4 10·1 .. .. N 80 E .. 41 ..
June .. .. .. .. .. .. N 84 E .. .. ..
July .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
August .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
September .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
October .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
November .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
December .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mean .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Table LXXVI.—Station Wad Medani (Meteorological data).

1902
Month. Barometer Thermometer Hu-
mi-
di-
ty.		 Wind RAINFALL IN
MILLIMETRES
Mean. Vari-
ation
from
normal.		 Mean
max.		 Mean
min.		 Mean. Direc-
tion.		 Velo-
city.		 Fall. Vari-
ation
from
normal.
January .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
February .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
March 756·2 .. 40·2 20·9 30·6 18 N 10 W .. 0 ..
April 756·6 .. 41·9 28·5 35·2 13 N .. 0 ..
May 757·2 .. 44·1 26·2 35·2 30 S 72 W .. 6 ..
June 757·5 .. 43·1 24·4 33·8 41 S 36 W .. 53 ..
July 758·9 .. 38·7 23·8 31·2 59 S 34 W .. 135 ..
August 758·1 .. 39·7 21·2 30·4 64 S  5 W .. 78 ..
September 758·4 .. 40·4 23·4 31·9 60 S  9 E .. 76 ..
October 758·2 .. 43·2 26·0 34·6 38 N 53 E .. 2 ..
November 758·3 .. 40·8 22·9 31·8 27 N  5 W .. 0 ..
December 759·9 .. 36·7 19·1 27·9 33 N 34 W .. 0 ..
Mean .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 350 ..
1903
January 760·3 .. 33·4 16·8 25·1 30 N 33 W .. 0 ..
February 760·8 .. 33·6 13·5 23·6 28 N  6 W .. 0 ..
March 758·4 .. 39·1 16·8 28·0 13 N  8 W .. 0 ..
April 755·2 .. 45·3 23·4 34·4 17 N 24 E .. 0 ..
May 756·6 .. 44·9 25·4 35·2 40 S  6 W .. 1 ..
June 757·3 .. 43·2 24·6 33·9 46 S  4 W .. 44 ..
July 757·8 .. 40·5 23·6 32·0 52 S  9 W .. 124 ..
August 757·6 .. 38·8 26·4 30·6 67 S 13 W .. 92 ..
September 758·2 .. 39·3 25·9 32·6 66 S 21 W .. 52 ..
October 757·4 .. 41·4 21·8 31·6 50 S 63 E .. 0 ..
November 758·0 .. 40·4 20·8 30·6 39 N 10 E .. 0 ..
December 758·2 .. 38·5 16·5 27·5 48 N 21 E .. 0 ..
Mean 758·0 .. 39·4 21·3 30·4 41 N  4 E .. 313 ..
1904
January 758·2 .. 37·4 17·9 27·6 73 N 18 E .. 0 0
February 758·2 .. 36·3 15·8 26·1 40 N  1 W .. 0 0
March 756·3 -1·0 40·4 17·7 24·6 22 N 10 E .. 0 0
April 756·8 +0·9 41·9 20·6 28·4 12 N  3 W .. 0 0
May 756·6 -0·3 42·5 24·3 31·7 27 S .. 40 +36
June 757·9 +0·5 42·1 12·3 27·2 41 S .. 0 -49
July 757·7 -0·4 39·5 14·3 26·9 43 S .. 70 -40
August 758·2 +0·2 40·9 22·4 31·6 61 S .. 67 -12
September .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
October .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
November .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
December .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mean .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Table LXXVII.—Station Khartoum (Meteorological data).

1902
Month. Barometer Thermometer Hu-
mi-
di-
ty.		 Wind RAINFALL IN
MILLIMETRES
Mean. Vari-
ation
from
normal.		 Mean
max.		 Mean
min.		 Mean. Direc-
tion.		 Velo-
city.		 Fall. Vari-
ation
from
normal.
January 759·4 0 28·7 14·2 20·0 26 N  4 E 28 0 ..
February 758·3 -0·2 34·7 19·1 26·1 18 N 17 E 21 0 ..
March 756·1 -1·4 38·0 21·3 28·0 14 N 12 E ? 0 ..
April 756·0 +1·2 39·9 23·6 31·0 13 N 18 E ? 0 ..
May 754·8 +0·3 43·0 27·2 34·1 19 N 63 W 21 0 ..
June 756·0 +0·9 41·5 26·5 33·1 27 S 12 W 24 0 ..
July 757·1 +0·8 39·0 23·4 30·1 47 S  4 W 27 116 ..
August 756·2 -0·1 39·1 24·7 31·2 46 S 12 W 20 5 ..
September 756·8 +1·2 39·5 24·8 30·0 41 S 23 W 23 2 ..
October 757·4 +0·5 38·1 22·7 29·7 30 N 13 E 22 0 ..
November 758·1 +0·2 29·1 18·7 25·8 26 N 30 E 21 0 ..
December 759·6 +0·9 29·3 13·7 21·0 28 N 24 E 22 0 ..
Mean 757·1 +0·4 36·7 21·7 28·3 28 N 33 E 23 123 ..
1903
January 760·0 +1·2 26·9 11·6 18·6 31 N  8 E 23 0 ..
February 761·5 +3·0 28·2 12·6 19·5 32 N  8 W 23 0 ..
March 760·5 +3·0 32·6 15·1 23·5 18 N 15 W 20 0 ..
April 757·0 +2·2 39·9 20·8 30·2 18 N 37 E 19 0 ..
May 757·7 +3·2 40·9 24·7 32·3 28 S 43 E 10 24 ..
June 757·4 +2·3 41·4 25·8 33·0 28 S  7 W 21 0 ..
July 758·1 +1·8 38·7 25·1 31·6 36 S  1 W 15 18 ..
August 758·1 +1·8 37·5 24·3 31·0 44 S 30 W 18 12 ..
September 758·9 +3·3 38·0 20·9 30·1 40 S 12 W 15 14 ..
October 758·6 +1·7 38·7 22·8 30·3 32 N  2 W 15 0 ..
November 759·9 +2·0 36·9 20·9 28·0 32 N 15 E 13 0 ..
December 760·0 +1·3 34·9 18·0 25·2 34 N 22 E 13 0 ..
Mean 759·0 +2·4 36·2 20·2 27·8 31 N 18 E 18 68 ..
1904
January 760·2 +0·8 31·7 16·3 22·8 33 N 15 E 13 0 ..
February 760·4 +1·9 31·9 16·6 23·4 26 N  6 E 14 0 0
March 758·0 +0·5 36·0 18·4 26·6 18 N 15 E 17 0 0
April 758·0 +3·2 38·8 20·2 29·4 16 N  1 E 19 0 0
May 757·8 +3·3 41·6 23·2 32·6 20 N  9 W 17 0 —
June 758·5 +3·4 42·6 25·6 33·3 25 S  2 W 15 0 -5
July 757·6 +1·3 39·3 24·9 32·1 52 S 44 W .. 35 -20
August 758·3 +1·6 39·9 25·8 32·8 50 S 28 W .. 76 +45
September .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
October .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
November .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
December .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mean .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..