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The Normans in European history

Chapter 19: FOOTNOTES
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About This Book

A series of eight public lectures surveys the development and impact of the Normans across medieval Europe, tracing their northern seafaring origins, settlement in Normandy, and expansion into England, southern Italy, and Sicily. Prioritizing institutional and cultural analysis over biography, the work explores state formation, legal and administrative practices, military conquest, religious and artistic life, and economic activity. Separate chapters consider Normandy’s regional character, its relations with neighboring powers, the emergence of a Norman polity that extended beyond France, and the distinctive society created in the southern Mediterranean, offering a concise synthetic account of Norman achievements and influence.

FOOTNOTES

1 La France, p. 161.

2 Pages normandes, dedication.

3 Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres, p. 55.

4 Ystoire de li Normant (ed. Delarc), p. 10.

5 Historia Sicula, I, 3.

6 Gesta Regum (Rolls Series), p. 306.

7 Ed. LePrévost, III, p. 474; cf. p. 230.

8 Roman de Rou (ed. Andresen), II, lines 9139–56.

9 H. W. C. Davis, England under the Normans and Angevins, p. 3.

10 Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres, p. 4.

11 II, 14, as translated by Keary, Vikings, p. 136.

12 Corpus Poeticum Boreale, I, p. 257.

13 Corpus Poeticum Boreale, I, pp. 236–40.

14 Corpus Poeticum Boreale, I, p. 265 f.

15 Corpus Poeticum Boreale, I, pp. 268–70.

16 Ibid., I, p. 281 f.

17 Germanic Origins (New York, 1892), p. 305 f.

18 Corpus Poeticum Boreale, I, p. 373.

19 Ibid., II, p. 345.

20 “Primitive Iceland,” in his Studies in History and Jurisprudence (Oxford, 1901), pp. 263 ff.

21 Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law, I, p. 66.

22 History of the Norman Conquest (third edition), II, pp. 164–67.

23 Norman Conquest, II, p. 166.

24 Translated by Giles (London, 1847), pp. 461–63.

25 Fulk Rechin, in Chroniques des comtes d’Anjou (ed. Marchegay), p. 378 f; (ed. Halphen and Poupardin, Paris, 1913), pp. 235–37.

26 Luchaire, Les quatre premiers Capétiens, in Lavisse, Histoire de France (Paris, 1901), II, 2, p. 176.

27 W. S. Ferguson, Greek Imperialism, p. 1.

28 Salzmann, Henry II, where the continental aspects of Henry’s reign are dismissed in a brief chapter on “foreign affairs.” The heading would be more appropriate to the account of Henry’s campaigns in Ireland.

29 Benedict of Peterborough, II, p. xxxiii.

30 Benedict of Peterborough, II, p. xxxi.

31 Recueil des actes de Henri II, Introduction, p. 1; cf. p. 151.

32 Delisle, p. 166, from Madox, Exchequer, I, p. 390.

33 The English Constitution, p. 3.

34 Origin of the English Constitution (London, 1872), p. 20 f.

35 Stubbs, Benedict of Peterborough, II, p. xxxv.

36 Poole, The Exchequer in the Twelfth Century, pp. 42–57; Haskins, “The Abacus and the King’s Curia,” in English Historical Review, XXVII, pp. 101–06.

37 Salzmann, Henry II, p. 176.

38 Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law, I, p. 142.

39 Pollock and Maitland, I, p. 141.

40 Giraldus Cambrensis (Rolls Series), VIII, p. 283.

41 Salzmann, Henry II, p. 214.

42 Constitutional History, I, p. 551.

43 See the extracts from the chroniclers translated in T. A. Archer, The Crusade of Richard I (London, 1888), pp. 285 ff.

44 Guillaume le Breton, Philippide, V, lines 316–27.

45 Le Château-Gaillard, in Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions, XXXVI, 1, p. 330.

46 The Loss of Normandy, p. 449.

47 General View of the Political History of Europe (translated by Charles Gross), p. 64.

48 William the Conqueror, p. 2.

49 Armitage, Early Norman Castles of the British Isles, p. 359.

50 The Loss of Normandy, pp. 298 ff.

51 Printed by Delisle, Études sur la classe agricole, pp. 668 ff.

52 Kirche und Staat, p. 41.

53 Robert of Torigni (ed. Delisle), I, p. 344.

54 The text is printed in the Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, XXI, pp. 120 ff.

55 Ordericus Vitalis (ed. Le Prévost), III, p. 431.

56 Guillaume de Jumièges, Gesta Normannorum Ducum (ed. Marx), Société de l’Histoire de Normandie, 1914.

57 La littérature normande avant l’annexion, p. 22.

58 Gallia Christiana, XI, instr., coll. 219–23; Mortet, Recueil de textes relatifs à l’histoire de l’architecture (Paris, 1911), pp. 71–75.

59 Norman Conquest, III, p. 109.

60 Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres, p. 4.

61 Delarc, Les Normands en Italie, p. 35.

62 Bertaux, L’art dans l’Italie méridionale, p. 15.

63 Aimé, Ystoire de li Normant, p. 124.

64 William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum, p. 322.

65 Geoffrey Malaterra, II, p. 1.

66 Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, fourth series, VI, p. 65.

67 Laodicea ad mare, not the Phrygian Laodicea of the Apocalypse.

68 The phrase is Amari’s: Storia dei Musulmani di Sicilia, III, p. 365.

69 Bilder aus der neueren Kunstgeschichte, I, p. 159.

70 L’art dans l’Italie méridionale, p. 344.

71 His description is translated by Amari, Biblioteca arabo-sicula (Turin, 1888), I, pp. 155 ff.; and by Schiaparelli, Ibn Gubayr (Rome, 1906), pp. 328 ff. Cf. Waern, Mediæval Sicily, pp. 64 ff.

72 “The Emperor Frederick the Second,” in Historical Essays, first series, p. 291.