The Old Road

INDEX

• À Becket, St. Thomas. See 'St. Thomas.'
• Addington, megalithic remains at, 253 (note 2).
• Adie, Mrs., her valuable book, The Pilgrim's Way, referred to, 136, 214.
• Albury, 'Weston Street' old name of, 136 (note 2).
• —— Church, old (SS. Peter and Paul), passed, according to Ordnance map, to south by Old Road, 110 (note).
• —— Park, preservation of Old Road in, 82; discussion of Old Road in, 174, 175.
• —— Wood. See 'Weston.'
• Alfred, desecration of grave of, 125.
• Alresfords, the, not on the Old Road, 127; medieval road to, from Alton, 129, 130 (note 1).
• Alton, battle of, mentioned, 126; approach to medieval road to Alresford from, 129, 130 (note 1); approach to, described, 144-146.
• Anchor, Inn at Ropley, 137, 138 (map).
• Anglo-Saxon Period, character of, 83-85. See also Dark Ages.
• Antiquity, fascination of, 10.
• Arthur's Seat (near Redhill), exceptional passage of Old Road to north of crest at, 106 (note); described on journey, 209.
• Avebury, and Stonehenge, mark convergence of prehistoric roads, 16.
• Aylesford, a crossing of the Medway, its claims discussed, 245-248; and map, 236; 253 (note 2).

• Barfleur, last southern port of 'Second Crossing,' 49, 50.
• Barrow, near Chilham, 269.
• Bentley, passage of Old Road by, 149.
• Betchworth Lime Pits, passed on journey and described, 188-193.
• Bigberry Camp, fort of Canterbury, stormed by Caesar, 43; compared with St. Catherine's Hill at Winchester, 70; Professor Boyd-Dawkins's examination of, 271 (note), visited on journey and described, 273-275.
• Bishopstoke, church of, on site of Druidical stone circle, 109.
• Bishop Sutton, church of, passage of Old Road as near as possible to south of, 110; mentioned in Domesday, 130; passed on our journey, 134.
• Bittern (Clausentum), example of Roman use of Second Crossing, 55.
• Bletchingly, example of Old Road on crest of hill, 107.
• Boughton Aluph, hills beyond, example of Old Road on crest of hill, 107.
• —— —— Church, example of church passed to south, 110; passed on journey, 265; discussion of road to eastward of, 265, 266.
• Boulogne, principal historic, but probably not earliest, southern port of Straits of Dover, 35.
• Box Hill, its appearance from Denbies at evening described, 178; track of Road recovered on, 181.
• Boxley, Roman and British coins found at, 253 (note 2).
• —— Abbey, site of referred to, 240; Roman and British coins found at, 253.
• Boyd-Dawkins, Professor, his examination of Bigberry Camp, 271 (and note).
• Brackham Warren, passage of Old Road by, 186.
• Brading, example of Roman use of Second Crossing, 55.
• Brisland Lane, coincident with Old Road, 140.
• Britain, Roman. See 'Roman Britain.' (Conservation of antiquities in, 81-82.)
• British Coins, discovered at Gatton, 203; at Aylesford, 245; at Boxley, 253 (note 2).
• Brixbury Wood, passage of Old Road along, 162.
• Broad Street, near Lenham, place-name significant of passage of Old Road, 136 (note 2).
• Bull Inn, near Bentley, approach of Old Road to River Wey at, 152.
• Burford Bridge, error caused by passage of Pilgrimage at, 95 (note); not crossed by Old Road, 182-184.
• Burham, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, 110; passed on journey, 253.
• Bury Hill Camp, on original track of Old Road, 27.
• Butts, the, at Alton, entry both of medieval and prehistoric roads, 145.

• Caesar, first eye-witness of conditions of southern Britain, 24; fort at Canterbury stormed by him, 43, 275.
• Calais, probably first southern port of the Straits of Dover, 34-35.
• Calvados, reef of, 50.
• Camp, of Canterbury (Bigberry Wood), stormed by Caesar, 43; of Winchester (St. Catherine's hill), 70; of Holmbury, Farley Heath, and Anstie Bury, alluded to, 170-171; of Oldbury, of Fosbery, 253 (note 2); Bigberry described, 273-275.
• Camps, of Winchester and Canterbury compared, 70.
• Canterbury, why the goal of Old Road in its final form, causes of development of, 31-42; created by necessity of central depôt for Kentish ports, 41; importance of its position on the Stour, 42; resistance to Caesar, 43; origin of its religious character, 44; compared with Winchester, 66-71; entered by Westgate, 277.
• —— Cathedral, visited, 278-280.
• Cassiterides, their identification with Scilly Isles doubtful, 20.
• Chalk, has preserved Old Road, 75-76; third cause of preservation of Old Road fully discussed, 97, 98; excursion upon, 189-192.
• Chantries Wood, 163.
• Charing, block of St. John at, 94; example of church passed to north, 111, 257; described, 260, 261; rhyme on, 261 (note).
• Chawton Wood, medieval road from Alton to Alresford passed through, 136 (note 1).
• —— Village, passed, 146.
• Chevening Park, passage of Old Road across, 217.
• —— church, example of Old Road passing to north, 111.
• Chequers Inn, Ropley, passage of Old Road through garden of, 138.
• Chilham, church, mentioned, 94; probable diversion of Old Road at, by Pilgrimage, 95 (note); probability of Old Road passing south of hill at, 106 (note); church probably passed from south, 110; Park crossed, 269; discussion as to track of Road east of, 267-273 (and map).
• Chilterns, the, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, 16; connection with Icknield Way, 23.
• Christianity, effect of a main road on its development, 7.
• Churches, Wells in. See 'Wells.' Often built on pre-Christian sites, 109; passed to south by Old Road, list of, 108-110; of King's Worthy, Itchen Stoke, Bishop Sutton, Seale, Puttenham, St. Catherine's, St. Martha's, Albury, Shere, Merstham, Titsey, Chevening, Bishopstoke, Snodland, Burham, Lenham, Charing, Eastwell, Chilham, etc. See under name of place.
• Clausentum. See Bittern.
• Clay, Old Road often lost on, 75; how avoided by Old Road in Upper Valley of Wey, 152 (and note); above Quarry Hangers, argument against identity of Pilgrim's Road with Prehistoric, 205.
• Cobham Farm, Old Road lost at, 258.
• Coldrum (or Trottescliffe), megalithic monument, 252-253 (and note), and 236 (map).
• Colekitchen Combe, passage of Old Road across, 177.
• Colley Farm, Roman remains at, 197.
• —— Hill, example of Old Road on crest of hill, 107; described with map, 196.
• Compton, probable diversion of Old Road through, by Pilgrimage, 95 (note); also 159, 160.
• Cotentin, promontory of the, its value as a breakwater to the 'Second Crossing,' 46, 50; height of shore hills upon, 48.
• Cotswolds, the, their position in scheme of prehistoric road, 16, 23.
• Cowes, as a harbour of Second Crossing, 55.
• 'Crossing, Second.' See 'Second Crossing.'
• Cultivation avoided by Old Road, exceptions to this, 148-149.
• Cuxton, a possible crossing of the Medway, map, 236; its claims discussed, 244.

• Darent, river crossing, of, 219-225.
• Dark Ages, reproduce barbaric conditions previous to Roman Conquest, 65.
• Denbies Park, clear trace of Old Road along edge of, 178.
• Detling, 257.
• Domesday, Worthies mentioned in, 121 (note); three churches at Alresford mentioned in, 129; Bishop Sutton mentioned in, 130; Wrotham, Oxford, Charing mentioned in, 221.
• Dorking Lime Pits, track lost after, 178.
• Dorsetshire Downs, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, 16, 23.
• Dover, Straits of, harbour of, originally an inlet, modern artificial character of, 36. See Straits.
• Downs. See North, South, Dorsetshire.
• Drovers, preserve old tracks by avoiding turnpike roads, 95; their road to London after Shere confused with Old Road, 176.
• Dun Street, near Eastwell Park, place-name significant of passage of Old Road, 136 (note 2); passed on journey, 262.
• Duthie, his record of medieval road from Alresford to Alton, 136 (note 1).

• Eastwell Park, preservation of Old Road, 82; passage through on journey, 263.
• Ermine Street, alluded to, 19; less affected than Icknield Way by revolution of the twelfth century, 87.

• Farnham, marks ends of North Down Ridge, 26; on original track of Old Road, 27; strategical and political importance of, 153-154.
• Farnham Lane, marks end of disused western portion of Old Road, 27.
• Flanking Roads, 107.
• Folkestone, one of modern harbours on northern shore of the Straits, its artificial character, 36.
• Ford, of Itchen at Itchen Stoke, discussed, 130-133 (and map); of Wey at Shalford, position of, 166-167 (and map); of Mole, discussed, 181-183; of Medway, or crossing, fully discussed, 236-253.
• Fords, Old Road chooses those approached by a spur on either side, 111.
• Fordwych, original limit of tide on Stour, 43.
• Fosse Way, alluded to, 19; begins to disappear with advent of Middle Ages, 87.
• Froyle, passage of Old Road by, 152.

• Gatton, exceptional passage of Old Road to north of crest at, 106 (note); speculation on history of, 201; track of Old Road through, and passage to north of crest described, 199 (note), 202-203.
• Geological conditions of exit from Winchester, 122; of upper Wey valley, 152 (and note); of Quarry Hangers, 205; of crossing of Medway in general, 244-251; of Snodland in particular, 250-251.
• Gilbert Street, place-name suggesting passage of Old Road, 137.
• Glastonbury, example of original importance of West Country, 22.
• Gloucester, medieval tax on iron at, 20.
• Godmersham, exceptional passage of Old Road to north of crest at, 106 (note); track of Road at, 267-269 (and map).
• Goodnestone, village of, geographical centre of Kentish ports, why unsuitable as a political centre, 42.
• Goodwin Sands, probably prehistoric, 39.
• Greystone Lime Pits, Merstham, recovery of Old Road at, 206.
• 'Grey Wethers,' name of platform beyond Medway opposite Wrotham, 233.
• Grésivaudan, example of advantage of Partial Isolation, 30.
• Gris Nez, look-out towards English shore, 32; forbids harbours near it, but provides shelter to eastward coast, 34.
• Gomshall, doubt as to passage of Old Road at, 176.

• 'Habits,' of the Old Road, list of, 104-113.
• Hamble, River, as a harbour of the 'Second Crossing,' 54.
• Harbours, multiplicity of, in Straits of Dover, produced by complexity of tides, 31, 32, 35; list of original and modern, on northern shore of the Straits, 35; of Southampton Water, Solent, and Spithead, excellence of, 55; list of, on Solent and Southampton Water, 55.
• Harrietsham, 257.
• Hart Hill, Old Road recovered at, 258.
• Hastings, mirage at, alluded to, 34.
• Haverfield, his map giving Roman road from north gate of Winchester, 124 (note).
• Headbourne Worthy, arguments for and against its standing on Old Road, 120-125; mentioned in Domesday, 121.
• High Cross, compared to Gatton, 201.
• Hills, ranges of, correspond with prehistoric roads, 15-16 (with map); crest of, usually avoided by Old Road, 106.
• Hoborough, Roman remains in, 253 (note 2).
• Hog's Back, hill near Farnham, continues range of North Downs, 26; affords example of turnpike protecting Old Road, 96; excellent example of 'Flanking Road,' 107; passage of Old Road along, 156 et seq.
• Hollingbourne, 257.
• Horizons, of Barfleur and St. Catherine's, 48 (map), 50.
• 'Hundred Stones,' the, megalithic monument, 254 (note 2).
• Hyde Abbey, site and ruins of, 123-125.

• Icknield Way, alluded to, 22; begins to disappear in Middle Ages, 87.
• Inns, Anchor, Chequers, Jolly Farmer, Kentish Drover, etc. See under these names.
• Iron, its early production in West England, 23; in the Sussex Weald, 24.
• Islands, examples of advantages of Partial Isolation, 31.
• Isle of Wight, its projection southward invites 'Second Crossing,' 46; importance of St. Catherine's Hill in, 51; harbours of, and reef off Ventnor, 55.
• Isolation, Partial, Geographical, political advantages of, 22-31.
• Itchen Abbas, origin of name, 126; Roman villa discovered near, 126 (note); passed on our journey, 125.
• Itchen, river, continuation of Southampton Water, 56; compared to Stour, 68, 69; made navigable by Lucy, 130; view of, from Alresford Hill, 133-134; crossing of, at Itchen Stoke, 130-133 (and map).
• —— Valley of, forms Winchester to Farnham Road, 60.
• Itchen Stoke, old church of, passage of Old Road to south of, 110; site and date of destruction of, 126.
• —— Ford at, Old Road passes Itchen by, 128-133 (and map); passed on our journey, 132.

• Jews occupied principal street of Winchester, 118; their wealth in early Middle Ages, 118 (note).
• Jolly Farmer, Inn at Puttenham, 160.

• Kemsing, manor of, 226; on map, 227.
• Kent, shape of, forces Old Road westward, 18; causes complexity of tides in Straits of Dover, 31-32.
• Kentish Drover, the, 253 (note 1).
• King's Worthy, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, 110; mentioned in Domesday, 121 (note); its situation on Old Road discussed, 120-125; passed on our journey, 125.
• Kit's Coty House, referred to, 248 (note 1); visited, 253, 254.
• Knockholt Farm, east of Chilham, Old Road recovered at, 270.

• Land-fall, importance of, 52.
• Landlords, their conservation of antiquities, 82.
• Lead, mined in early times in the north, 19; in the west, 20.
• Len, River, 259.
• Lenham, traces of flanking road above, 107; church of, example of passage to north, 111; passed, 257.
• Lime Pits, Dorking, Betchworth, etc., see under their separate names; a mark of Old Road, 192-193.
• London, growth of importance of as Roman rule failed, 65; ousts Winchester, 87.
• Longnose Point, alluded to, 38.
• Lower Halling, a crossing of the Medway, its claims discussed, 248-249; and map, 236.
• Lucy, Bishop of Winchester, renders Itchen navigable, 130.
• Lymington, as a harbour of Second Crossing, 54.
• Lympne. See Portus Lemanis.

• Maiden Way, alluded to, 19.
• Marden Park, track of Old Road round, and map, 211.
• Margery Wood, passage of Old Road by, 198.
• Martyrs' Worthy, passed on journey, 125.
• Medina, river, as a harbour of the 'Second Crossing,' 54.
• Medstead, watershed near, mentioned, 113.
• Medway, River, crossing of, fully discussed, with map, 236-253.
• —— Valley of, view over, from Wrotham described, 231-233.
• Megalithic Monument. See Kit's Coty House, Addington, Coldrum, etc.
• Mendips, their importance as a metallic centre, 20.
• Merstham, probable diversion of Old Road at, by Pilgrimage, 95 (note); example of church passed to south, 110.
• —— House, passage of Old Road through grounds of, 204.
• Metals, mined originally in West England, 19.
• Method of Reconstruction of Old Road, 100-104.
• Mole, river, point of crossing discussed, 181-183; with map, 182.
• Monk's Hatch, passage of Old Road through, 162.

• Neolithic Man, his principal seat on green-sand south of North Downs, 23; endurance of relics of, 73.
• North Country, not important in early times, 19.
• —— Downs, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, 16; the original and necessary platform of the Old Road, 24-25 (with map); view of these from Wrotham, 231; 'funnel' formed by them at passage of Medway, 237; road leaves them after Charing, 260.
• —— Street, place-name suggesting passage of Old Road, 137.

• Old Road, why the most important of English prehistoric roads, 17-24; its first track sketched, 25; why it ended at Canterbury, 31-42; why it began at Winchester, 44-58; short cut from Winchester to Farnham gradually superseded original western portion, 59-61 (with map); final form of, 62 (with map); causes of preservation of, 72-99; proportion of known to unknown, 100-101 (with map); characteristics or 'habits' of, 104-113. Its track from north gate of Winchester to King's Worthy, 120-125; coincidence of, with modern road from King's Worthy to Itchen Stoke, 124; arguments in favour of its crossing the Itchen at Itchen Stoke, 127-132; recovering of lost portion in Ropley Valley, 132-136; corresponds to high-road after Alton, causes of this, 149-154; diversion at Puttenham, 158; crosses Wey, 163-166; passes St. Martha's, north of Weston Wood, Albury Park, 170-175; crosses Mole at Pixham Mill, 180-183; passes Betchworth Pits, 188; lost after Merstham and recovered, 204-207; discussion of track near Marden Park, 211; and across Titsey Park, 214-216; its loss after Chevening, 217; typical section of, 225-230 (with map); its crossing of Medway discussed, 236-253; clear along Downs to Charing, 256-260; crosses Eastwell Park, Boughton Aluph, Godmersham, Chilham Park, 263-269; lost for two miles east of Chilham, 270-271 (and map); passes Bigberry Camp, 273; enters Canterbury by Westgate, 277.
• Old Wives' Lees, doubts as to passage of Old Road by, 270-271 (and map).
• Ordie, Domesday name for 'Worthy,' 121 (note).
• Ordnance Map, 6-inch to the mile, probably wrong in track of Roman Road from north gate of Winchester, 124 (note); error in track given from Arthur's Seat to Oxted railway cutting, 213.
• Ordnance Map, 1/2500, references to fields at Ropley, 138 (notes 1, 2, 3), 139 (note); at Puttenham, 158 (note); Weston Wood, 174 (note); doubts as to track given by it through Albury Park, 174; recovery of Old Road after Gomshall, 177 (note); probable error east of Shere, 176; crossing of Mole, 183 (note); crest of Colley Hill, 197; error of, in regard to Gatton Park, 199 (note); Merstham to Quarry Hangers, 207 (note); east of Marden Park, 212 (note); east of Chevening, 218 (note); passage of Medway, 253 (note); error of, east and north of Eastwell Park, and east and north of Boughton Aluph church, 265-266 (notes 1 and 2).
• Otford, passage of Old Road through, 218; battles of, 220; palace of, 220, 221.
• Oxted, error caused by approach of pilgrimage to plain of, 95 (note).
• Oxted Railway Cutting, track of Old Road from Marden Park to, 211-212 (and map).

• Paddlesworth, passage of Old Road, 253 (note 1).
• Palace of Archbishops of Canterbury at Otford, 220-223.
• Park, Albury, Monk's Hatch, Denbies, Gatton, Merstham, Titsey, Chevening, Stede Hill, Eastwell, Godmersham, Chilham. See under these names.
• Pebble Combe, passage of Old Road across, 194-196 (and map).
• Pilgrimage, to shrine of St. Thomas at Canterbury, preserves the Old Road, 76-81; change of date of, 91; rapid development of, 91-92; ancient sites restored by, 93; but also prehistoric track sometimes confused by list of places so affected, 96 (and note); example at Ropley of its recovery of Old Road, 136 (and note); confuses record of passing of River Mole, 181; diversion caused to Road after Merstham, 205; and Old Wives' Lees, 271.
• Pilgrim's Lane, near Merstham, 205.
• Pixham Mill, Old Road crosses Mole at, 182 (map), and 183 (note).
• Porchester, example of Roman use of 'Second Crossing,' 55.
• Portsmouth, as a harbour of the 'Second Crossing,' 54.
• Portus Adurni, possibly origin of a track to London, 200; doubts on its equivalence to Shoreham, 200.
• Portus Lemanis, the modern Lympne, perhaps original of Old Road, 27; its connection with the earliest crossing of the Straits, 35.
• Puttenham, apparent exception to straightness of Old Road at, mentioned, 105; example of church passed to south, 110; medieval market at, 158; diversion of Old Road at, discussed, 159-161 (and map); neolithic and bronze remains at, 161.

• Quarley Hill, on original track of Old Road, 27.
• Quarry Hangers, east of Red Hill, too steep to take Old Road, 205, 206; arrival at summits of, 207.

• Ramsgate, one of modern harbours on northern shore of Straits, its artificial character, 36.
• Reconstruction of Old Road. See 'Method.'
• Reculvers, one of original harbours in connection with crossing Straits of Dover, 35.
• Reef, of Calvados, 50; off Ventnor, 55.
• Reformation, effect of, on Old Road, 221-224.
• Reigate, derivation of name of, and relation to Old Road, 199.
• Religion, effect of a road on development of, 7; effect of Dark Ages on, in Britain, 80; preserves and recovers Old Road, 92-94.
• Representative System, monastic origin of, 86.
• Richborough, one of original harbours on northern shore of the Straits, 35 (Rutupiae); alternative harbour in original crossing, 36.
• Road, the, primeval importance of, 4-5.
• —— Old. See 'Old Road.'
• Road, Roman. See 'Roman Road.'
• —— Flanking. See 'Flanking Roads.'
• —— Turnpike. See 'Turnpike.'
• Roads, prehistoric, in England, correspond to five hill ranges, 15 (with map); difficulty of recovering, 74-75; especially preserved in Britain, 78; and their destruction in twelfth century, 84, 85.
• Roman Britain, imperfect occupation of, 76, 77.
• Roman Coins, discovery of, at Gatton, 203; at Boxley, 253 (note 2).
• Roman Remains, near Itchen Abbas, 126 (and note); near Farnham, 153; at Colley Farm and Walton Heath, 197; at Titsey Park, 214; at Lower Halling, Snodland, Burham, Little Culand, 251; Plaxtol and Thurnham, Boxley, 253 (note 2).
• Roman Road, definite character of a, 74; from Winchester to Silchester, site of, 119, 124 (and note); conjectural from Portus Adurni to London, 200; at base of Upwood Scrubbs, 208.
• Ropley, passage of Pilgrimage through, and position on Old Road, 136 (and note); valley of, track of Old Road through, 137 (map).
• Rutupiae. See Reculvers.
• Rye, one of original harbours on northern shores of Straits, 35.

• St. Catherine's Chapel, near Guildford, discussed in connection with passage of River Wey, 163-165.
• —— Down, in Isle of Wight. See 'Isle of Wight.'
• —— Hill, camp at Winchester, compared to Bigberry Camp, 70.
• St. Martha's, doubtful whether passed to north or south, 110; derivation of name, 170; described, passed, 172.
• St. Swithin, his shrine at Winchester, 71.
• St. Thomas à Becket, his shrine at Canterbury destroys that of St. Swithin at Winchester, 71; pilgrimage to tomb of, see 'Pilgrimage'; his martyrdom, turning-point of twelfth century, 89; date of martyrdom, jubilee and translation, 91; his chapel at Reigate, 200.
• Salisbury Plain, area of convergence of prehistoric roads, 16.
• Sandwich, one of harbours on northern shore of Straits, 35.
• Scilly Isles, their identification with Cassiterides doubtful, 20.
• 'Second Crossing,' passage of Channel from Cotentin to Wight so called, 46; its advantages, 48; map of, 49; high land marking either shore, 50-51; great advantage of its English harbours, 55; the direct route to the centre at Salisbury Plain, 56; principal cause of development of Winchester, ibid.
• Seale, church of, passage of Old Road as near as possible to south of, 110; passed, 157.
• Seine, estuary of, its importance in production of Second Crossing, 48, 49 (and map).
• Severn, valley of, importance as metallic centre, 20.
• Shalford, Becket's fair at, 158; passage of Wey at, discussed, 164-167 (and map).
• Shere, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, doubtful, 110; probable track of Old Road through, described, 175.
• Shoelands, passed on journey, 157; significance of name, 157.
• Shrines, of Winchester and Canterbury compared, 71; of St. Thomas à Becket. See 'St Thomas.'
• Snodland, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, 110; crossing of Medway at, discussed, 248-253 (and map), 236.
• South Country, originally wealthiest portion of the island, 23, 24.
• Southampton Water, Solent, and Spithead, regarded as one harbour, north of 'Second Crossing,' 55.
• South Downs, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, 16.
• Stane Street, example of evidences of a Roman road, 74; disuse in Middle Ages, 87; crosses Mole at Burford Bridge, 185.
• Stoke, meaning of, in place-names, 127.
• Stonehenge, and Avebury, mark convergence of prehistoric roads, 16; original starting-point of Old Road, 27.
• Stour, River, importance of in development of Canterbury, 42, 43; compared to Itchen, 68, 69; source in Lenham, 259; entry of Old Road into valley of, 260, 262.
• Straits of Dover, importance of, to England alluded to, 17; discussed at length, 29-40; complexity of tides in, 32; opposite shores visible, 32; original harbours of, 35; original crossing of, 37-39.
• Street, Stane, Ermine, Watling. See under these names.
• Street, in place-names indicates passage of a road, 136 (and note 2).
• Swegen, his march through the Worthies, 126.

• Thomas à Becket, St. See 'St. Thomas.'
• Ticino, example of advantage of partial isolation, 30.
• Tide, multiplicity of harbours due to their complexity, 31-32; in Straits of Dover, 37-39; limit of, on Stour, 43; and on Itchen, forming Canterbury and Winchester, 68; political importance of limit of, e.g. at Snodland, 252.
• Tin, mined originally in Cornwall, 20.
• Titsey Church, old, example of church passed to south by Old Road, 110; passed on journey, 216.
• —— Park, discoveries in, mentioned, 82; flanking road on hills to east of, 107; Roman remains of, and passage of Old Road through, 214.
• Towns, inland, advantages for defence over seaports, 67; avoided by Old Road, exceptions to this, 149.
• Trottescliffe. See Coldrum.
• Turnpike Roads, second cause of preservation of Old Road, 76, 95.
• Twelfth Century, revolution of the, 84-87.

• Upwood Scrubbs, near Caterham, Old Road lost in, 208.

• Valleys, examples of advantages of partial isolation, 31; of Wey, Itchen, Darent, Medway, etc. See under these names.
• Varne, sand-buoy, alluded to, 37.

• Walton Heath, Roman remains at, 197.
• Watershed, method of crossing one, 60-61; that between Itchen and Wey, 61-62 (and map); proximity of, to Medstead, 113; direct approach to, an argument for Itchen Stoke Ford, 131; also for coincidence of Old Road with Brisland Lane, 135; how approached from Ropley valley, 137 (and map); passed on journey, 140; map of, in detail, 143; of Medway and Stour, 259.
• Watling Street, alluded to, 18; preserved when others disappeared in twelfth and thirteenth centuries, 86.
• Wells, in churches, list of, 57 (note).
• Welsh Road, preserved, like the Old Road, by turnpikes, 95-96.
• West Country, importance of, in early times, 19-22; spirit of, 21.
• Weston, or Albury Wood, Old Road passes to north of, 106 (note); this part of road described in journey, 173.
• Weston Street, old name for Albury, significant of passage of Old Road, 136 (note 2).
• West Street, near Lenham, place-name significant of passage of Old Road, 136 (note 2).
• Wey River, discussion of how crossed by Old Road near Shalford, 164-167 (and map).
• —— valley of, forms Winchester to Farnham road, 60; its geological conditions beyond Alton, 152 (and note); coincidence of Old and modern road in, 149-152 (and map); Roman remains in, 153.
• Whitchurch, on original track of Old Road, 27.
• Whiteways, point in Hog's Back where Old Road branches from Turnpike, 156.
• Wight, Isle of. See 'Isle of Wight.'
• Winchelsea, one of original harbours on northern shore of Straits, 35.
• Winchester, why the origin of Old Road in its final form, causes of development of, 45-57; inland town of the Second Crossing, 56; great age of, 56; compared to Chartres, 57; compared with Canterbury, 66-71; beginning of decay of, after twelfth century, 87; arrangement of Roman streets in, 117; site of north gate of, 118.
• Winds, prevailing in Straits of Dover, 33; effect of, on original crossing, 34; prevailing, of 'Second Crossing,' 48 (map), 49.
• Worthies, Headbourne, King's, Martyrs'. See under these names.
• Wrotham, relation of, to Old Road, 226-227 (and map); view from, 231-233.
• Wye, in Kent, why unsuitable as a centre for Kentish ports, 42-44.

• Yaldham, relation of, to Old Road, 226, 227 (and map).
• Yarmouth, in Isle of Wight one of harbours of Second Crossing, 54.
• Yews, often mark Old Road, 103; indicate recovery of road at Box Hill, 186.
• Yew Walk, at Albury, mentioned, 174.
• York, why Roman capital, 65.