The Origin and Growth of the Healing Art / A Popular History of Medicine in All Ages and Countries

INDEX.

• A.
• Abaris cured diseases by incantation, 203.
• Abdominal surgery, 112, 197, 272, 296, 316, 361.
• — surgery of Hindus, 113.
• Abella (about 1059), 313.
• Abercrombie, John (1780-1844), 454.
• Abernethy, J. (1764-1831), 459.
• Abipones, birth customs of, 52, 53.
• Aborigines of Australia, their knowledge of medicine, 34.
• — of South America, 35.
• Abortion in Greece and Rome, 203.
• Abracadabra, 263.
• Abraxas, 263.
• Abyssinians, the, 249.
• Acacias, 35.
• Accad, priests of, 27.
• Accadian mythology, 15, 86.
• Accadians, the, 86.
• Achillini, A. (1463-1512), 337.
• Aconite eaten by horses, 4.
• Actual cautery, 183, 246.
• Actuarius, John (c. 1283), 323.
• Acupuncture invented by Chinese, 130.
• Acute and chronic diseases first distinguished, 212.
• Adamantius of Alexandria, 236.
• Addenbrooke, J. (died 1719), 431.
• Addison, T. (1793-1860), 454.
• Ægidius Corbolensis, 314.
• Ælfred, King, his services to medicine, 274, 275.
• Æneas Sylvius, 336.
• Æschryon (pharmacist), 209.
• Æsculapius, 147, 148, 153.
• Ætiology, 350.
• Ætius (6th cent.), 237.
• Affinity, doctrine of, 423, 449.
• Afflacius, 311.
• African disease theories, 22.
• Agamede, a lady doctor, 155.
• Agate, 257.
• Agathinus of Sparta (1st cent. A.D.), 228.
• Agni, 9.
• Agricola, George (1494-1555), 351.
• Agrippa, Cornelius (1486-1536), 337, 347.
• Ague, 252.
• Ahriman, 141, 142, 143.
• Alaska, treatment of headache by natives of, 17.
• Albertus Magnus (1193-1280), 321.
• Albucasis (d. 1106), 243, 296.
• Alchemy, 301, 350.
• — of the Egyptians, 71.
• Alcohol used everywhere, 46.
• Alcuin, 300.
• Aldabaran, 83.
• Aldrovandi, 346.
• Alexander of Tralles, 234.
• Alexander Severus first established medical lectureships in Rome, 209.
• Alexandria, her famous school, 194.
• — Jews in, 83.
• Alexandrian library, 287.
• — philosophy, 83.
• Alexis, diviners of North America, 26.
• Algonquins, 32.
• Ali Abbas, 296.
• Aliptæ, 44, 171.
• Alkinani, 289.
• Alkins, Henry (born 1558), 363.
• All, the, 450.
• Allopathy, 447.
• Almamon, 289.
• Aloes, 275.
• Alphanus Secundus (c. 1050), 310.
• Althaus, J., 458.
• Alum, 486.
• Amaurosis, 211.
• Amazon, aborigines of the, their medicine men, 26.
• — — their intoxicating drink, 48.
• Ambre or Embre, an Egyptian medical book, 58.
• America, discovery of, 345.
• American medical education, 435, 436.
• Ammon, 150.
• Ammonia, 487.
• Ammoniacum, 275.
• Ammonius of Alexandria (B.C. 283-247), 198.
• Amputations, 42, 70, 216.
• — in Egyptian surgery, 70.
• Amulets, 23, 31, 48, 129, 247-265, 327, 398, 404.
• — of the Jews, 75.
• Amussat, 458.
• Anæsthesia, how anciently produced, 310.
• Anæsthetics, 449, 464-466, 480.
• Anathemata, 157.
• Anatomy, 105, 175, 231, 326, 336, 364, 365, 381, 390, 391, 436.
• — of ancient Egyptians, 64.
• — at Alexandria, 195.
• — in England, 461.
• — at Oxford, 381.
• — in Rome, 209, 215.
• — at Salerno, 313.
• — well understood by Hippocrates, 174.
• — human, its revival in Europe, 325, 326, 351, 365.
• — comparative, 375.
• — and physiology have made no progress in China, 128.
• Anaxagoras (born about 499 B.C.), 159.
• Anaximander (born 610 B.C.), 159.
• Anaximenes, 159.
• Ancestor-worship in connection with disease, 22, 23.
• Ancient Medicine, treatise by Hippocrates, 175.
• Andreæ, J. V. (1586-1654), 370.
• Andromachus, 221.
• Andry, N. (c. 1701), 471.
• Anel (1741-1801), 433.
• Anel, D. (1679-1730), 432.
• Aneurism, 235, 389, 432, 434.
• Angakoks, priest-physicians of the Inoits, 30.
• Angelic presidents of medicine, 84.
• Anger of gods as the cause of disease, 270.
• — of demons a cause of disease, 12, 86.
• Anglicanus, Gilbertus, 337.
• Anglo-Saxon medicine, 273.
• Animals and toxicology, 4, 35.
• — experiments on, 216, 217, 378, 379, 436.
• — their medicine and surgery, 3.
• Animism, 7, 8, 24.
• Anthropology, 450.
• Antidotes, 416.
• — for poisons, experiments with, 201.
• Antidotarium, 313, 363.
• Anti-fat, 285.
• Antilles Indians, their exorcism of diseases, 29.
• Antimony, 487.
• Antioquia, Indians of, poisoners of wells, 35.
• Antiseptic surgery, 477.
• — treatment, 177.
• Antonius Musa, 213.
• Antyllus (c. 300 A.D.), 235.
• Anubis, Egyptian god, 60.
• Apaches consider drunkenness a religious duty, 48.
• Apis, Egyptian god, 59, 60.
• Apollo the healer, 147, 169.
• Apollonius of Tyana, 224.
• Apoplexy, Hippocrates on, 182.
• — exorcised by rice, 16.
• Apothecaries, laws relating to, 317.
• Aquinas, Thomas (1225-1274), 321.
• Arabian medicine, 288, 291, 311.
• Aranzi, J. C. (1530-1589), 367.
• Arawaks of Surinam, their birth customs, 50.
• Arbuthnot, J. (1658-1735), 451.
• Archagathus (B.C. 219), first regular practitioner in Rome, 208.
• Archeus, 380.
• Archiatri, the, 206, 210, 236.
• Archigenes of Apamœa (circ. A.D. 98-117), 228.
• Archimatthæus, 311.
• Aretæus of Cappadocia (1st cent.), 228.
• Aristotle (born B.C. 334), 192, 384, 421.
• Armstrong, G., 439.
• Arneman, J. (1763-1807), 435.
• Arnica, 350.
• Arnold of Villa Nova (1235-1312), 326.
• Arnot, N., 478.
• Arrack, “the Christian deity,” 47.
• “Arrows” as warrants to disease-spirits in China, 127.
• Arrow-poison of Indians, 35.
• Arsenic, 488.
• Artemis, goddess of health, 149.
• Arteries, ligation of, 217, 232, 245, 368.
• — twisting of bleeding, 224, 237, 368.
• Aryans, the, 96.
• Asclepiades of Prusa (1st cent. B.C.), 212.
• — schools of the, 168, 170.
• Asclepiadists, 213.
• Asclepiads, the, 157, 168.
• Ashwins, physicians of the Hindu gods, 100.
• Asoka established hospitals in India, 117.
• — royal patron of medicine, 111.
• Assellius, C. (1581-1626), 390.
• Assyrians, their medicine, 86, 92.
• Asthma, remedies for, 37.
• Astigmatism, 463.
• Astringents, 43.
• Astrology in medicine, 129, 139, 319, 334, 335, 351.
• Astruc, J. (1684-1766), 429.
• Athenæus of Cilicia (c. A.D. 69), 227.
• Athens, plague of, 25.
• Athletes rubbed with oil, 44.
• Atomic philosophy, 164.
• — theory, 159, 449.
• Atoms, doctrine of the, 98.
• Auenbrugger, L. (1722-1809), 453.
• Auscultation, 170, 177, 453.
• Australia, aborigines of, their superstitions, 17, 21, 23.
• Australian tribes, their medical practice, 33.
• Australian-Tasmanian district, 12.
• Autmoins, diviners of North America, 26.
• Automatism, 379.
• Ava, drink made from, 49.
• Avenzoar (12th cent.), 297.
• Averroes (born A.D. 1126), 297.
• Avicenna (born A.D. 980), 296.
• Ayur Veda, the, Hindu medical classic, 98, 99, 102.
• Aztecs, hospitals of the, 239.
• B.
• Baas, J. H., 466.
• Babhata on Hindu medicine, 114.
• Babylon, captivity of Jews in, 81.
• Babylonian religion, 27.
• Babylonians, their medicine, 86.
• Bacchic orgies, 32, 150.
• Bacchus, 150.
• Backtischwah, 290, 291.
• Bacon, Francis (1561-1626), 377.
• Bacon, Roger (1214-1298), 322.
• Bacteria, 472, 473.
• Bacteriologists, 480.
• Bacteriology anticipated by Empedocles, 161.
• Badaga folk, their treatment of pregnant women, 52.
• — their insurance against disease, 29.
• Baer, 481.
• Bafiotes of South Guinea, their surgery, 45.
• Baghdad, medical schools of, 291.
• Baillie, M. (1761-1823), 454.
• Baillou, G. (1536-1614), 363.
• Bandages, waxed, 178.
• Bandaging of mummies, 57.
• Banishing disease-demons, 15, 86.
• Bannister, John, 363.
• Barbers and surgery, 317, 434, 435.
• — and surgeons, their fellowship, 329, 354.
• Barth, J. (1745-1818), 463.
• Bartholin, T. (1619-1680), 376, 390.
• Bartholomæus, 314.
• Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, 359.
• — Hospital medical school, 459.
• Baschkirs expel devils of disease, 138.
• Bassi, 473.
• Bastian, H. C. (b. 1837), 458, 472.
• Basutos, their theory of diseases, 22.
• Baths, 400.
• Bayle, G. L. (1774-1816), 453.
• Bayle, P. (1647-1706), 380.
• Beale, L. S. (b. 1828), 480.
• Beans sacred to Pythagoreans, 164.
• Beclard, J. (1818-1887), 458.
• Beelzebub, god of medicine, 85.
• — cast out by Beelzebub, 29.
• Beer of the Himalayas, 48.
• Beer, G. J. (1663-1821), 463.
• Beetle, an emblem, 250.
• Behaviour of doctors, 312.
• Bell, B. (1763-1820), 459.
• Belladonna eaten by birds and herbivora, 4.
• Bellini, 420.
• Bells, church, medicine drunk out of, 278.
• Benares, a seat of Buddhist medicine, 111.
• Benedict, St., 300, 308.
• Benivieni, A. (c. 1500), 352.
• Bennett, J. H. (1812-1875), 454.
• Bentley, Prof., on new American remedies, 37.
• Berberine, 37, 38.
• Berenger of Carpi (died 1527), 361.
• Bernard, C. (1813-1878), 456.
• Bernard the Provincial, 315.
• Bernouelli, J. and D., 420.
• Bert, P. (1833-1886), 457, 474.
• Bertharius (about 856), 310.
• Berthollet, 448.
• Bertrandi (1723-1797), 433.
• Berzelius (1779-1848), 449.
• Bethesda, pool of, 400.
• Bezoar stone, 257.
• Bible and demoniacal theory of epilepsy, 16, 79.
• — diseases of, 79, 432.
• — its superiority to other sacred books, 74.
• Bichat, M. F. X. de (1771-1802), 429, 446.
• Bile as the cause of sickness first suggested, 160.
• Bint-resh, the princess, cured by the god Khonsu, 65.
• Bird-surgery, 3.
• Birds as evil spirits, 17.
• — fond of toddy, 49.
• Birth customs of the Caribs, 51.
• — Arawaks, 52.
• — Land Dyaks, 52.
• — Abipones, 52.
• — Basques, 52.
• — Corsicans, 52.
• — Chinese, 52.
• — Iroquois, 53.
• — Badaga folk, 53.
• — Romans, 54.
• Bismuth, 487.
• Black death, the, 329.
• — magic, 66, 410.
• Blackmore, R. (1650-1729), 425.
• Blaes, G. (died 1662), 390.
• Blane, G. (b. 1747), 426.
• Bleeding, 82, 134, 156, 217, 274, 280, 285.
• — practised by savages, 33.
• — arrest of, by savages, 40, 42.
• Blizzard, W. (1743-1835), 459.
• “Blood-bread” in consumption, 131.
• Blood as food for invalids, 35, 396.
• — circulation of the, 385, 389.
• — in medicine, 396.
• — pressure, 420.
• — purifiers used by negroes, 38.
• Bloodless amputations invented by Chrysippus, 195.
• Blue cohosh plant, 37.
• Blumenbach, J. F. (1752-1840), 450.
• Bodo folk of India, their disease-demons, 22.
• Boerhaave (1668-1738), 422, 423, 426.
• Bonnet, 472.
• Book of the Dead, 58, 60.
• Bora initiations of Australia, 43.
• Borax, 486.
• Borde, Andrew (c. 1532), 358.
• Borden, T. de (1722-1776), 430.
• Borelli, G. A. (1608-1679), 381, 420.
• Borneo, birth customs in, 52.
• Botanic gardens established, 201.
• Botany, 297, 336, 351, 363, 426, 427, 438.
• Boulimia, a species of hunger, 197.
• Bowls for medicine, 95.
• Box-bark poultices, 33.
• Boyer, A. (1757-1833), 461.
• Boyl-Ya, 17.
• Boyle, Robert (1626-1691), 378, 379, 381, 419.
• Brahmanism, 110.
• Brahmans forbidden by Menu to become doctors, 101.
• — their knowledge of medicine, 101.
• Braid, J., 457.
• Brain, anatomy of, 365, 391.
• — diseases, 228.
• — surgery, 112, 177, 206, 456.
• — — of the Society Islanders, 43.
• Branca, 368.
• Brandy in medicine, 326.
• Briggs, W. (died 1704), 438.
• Bright, R. (1789-1858), 454.
• British Medical Journal, 467.
• Britomartis, 150.
• Brittan, 474.
• Broca, P. (1824-1880), 458.
• Brodie, B. (1783-1862), 459.
• Bromfield, W. (1717-1792), 435.
• Bromine, 487.
• Bronchitis, remedies for, 34, 37, 49.
• Bronchocele, 316.
• Bronchotomy, 364.
• — invented by Asclepiades, 213.
• Broth of human flesh, a Chinese remedy, 131.
• Broussais, F. J. W. (1772-1838), 446.
• Brown, J. (1735-1788), 427.
• Browne, Sir Thomas (1605-1682), 391.
• Brown-Sequard (b. 1817), 456.
• Browning’s Poem, “Saul,” 78.
• Bruner, J. C. (1653-1727), 437.
• Brunhilda, a doctress, 272.
• Bruno, Giordano (1548-1600), 346, 351.
• Brunonian theory, 427.
• Bucknill, J. C. (b. 1817), 457.
• Budd, 474.
• Buddhism, 102, 109.
• — had a gospel for all creatures, 110.
• Buffon (1707-1788), 439, 448.
• Buhitos of Hispaniola, 26.
• Bulleyn, William (died 1576), 363.
• Burial customs of Lower Congo, 24.
• — of disease-demons, 15, 139.
• Burking, 461.
• Burma, disease-demons of, 21.
• Burns, J. (1775-1850), 459.
• Burrows, 476.
• Butts, William (died 1545), 359.
• Byzantine medicine, 243.
• C.
• Cabalism, 84, 337.
• Cabbage, 162.
• Cactus juice an intoxicant, 48.
• Cæsalpinus, A. (1519-1603), 351, 385.
• Cæsarean operation in Central Africa, 45.
• — in Europe, 361, 362.
• Caius, John (1510-1573), 360.
• Cajeput tree, 34.
• Calculi, 177.
• Calenda, 313.
• Caliphs, their services to science, 288.
• Callisen (1740-1824), 433.
• Calumba root, 37.
• Cambodians, their exorcism of small-pox, 30.
• Cambridge University, 340.
• Camomile, 285.
• Camper (1722-1789), 435.
• Cancer, 182, 183.
• Canopic jars of Egypt, 63.
• Capillary vessels, discovery of, 386, 389.
• Carbonic acid, 380.
• Cardan (1501-1576), 351.
• Carib races, their use of cascarilla, 49.
• Carmina (magic songs), 207.
• Carpenter, W. B., 481.
• Carter, R. B., 463.
• Cascarilla, its introduction into medicine, 49.
• Casdim and Mecasphim, 91, 92.
• Cases, collections of interesting, 327.
• Cassava bread, 36.
• Casserius (1561-1616), 364.
• Cassius Felix (1st cent.), 228.
• Cassorius, 390.
• Castor oil, its action on savages, 37.
• Castration, 77, 169.
• Cat, Le (1700-1768), 432.
• Catalepsy, 390.
• Catamenial women possessed by demons, 143.
• — superstitions concerning, 54, 78.
• Cataract, 211, 235, 297, 314.
• Catheter invented, 197, 245, 297.
• Cato as a family doctor, 207.
• Cato’s hatred of doctors, 207.
• Cats, their use of medicines, 3.
• Caul of a child, 273.
• — fat, superstitions concerning, 17.
• Caulophyllin, 37.
• Cauterising instruments, 245.
• Cavendish, 448.
• Caxiri, a drink of the Brazilian Indians, 48.
• Celery, 285.
• Cellular pathology, 455.
• Celsus, A. C. (B.C. 50-A.D. 7), 215.
• Ceylon, medicine in, 107.
• Chadwick, E., 478.
• Chaldæan doctors of three classes, 90.
• Chaldæans, their medicine, 86.
• Chamberlen, H. (1664-1728), 435.
• Chambre, Dr., 358.
• Characts as amulets, 262, 263, 327.
• Charaka, the Hindu Hippocrates, 100, 103, 289.
• Charas, M. (1618-1698), 394.
• Charcot, J. M. (b. 1825), 456, 482.
• Charlemagne, patron of medical education, 310.
• Charles the First, his miraculous blood, 373.
• Charlton, W. (1619-1707), 438.
• Charms, 23, 27, 86, 129, 133, 247-265, 327, 334, 398, 404.
• — largely used in Chinese practice, 129.
• — swallowed as medicine, 134.
• Chassaignac, 458.
• Chaucer on domestic medicine, 328.
• Cheiron, the centaur who instructed Æsculapius, 147, 148.
• Chelius, Von (1794-1876), 462.
• Chemistry, 301, 302, 336, 350, 368, 419.
• — of Egyptians, 71.
• — originated at Baghdad, 291, 293.
• Cheselden, W. (1688-1752), 433.
• Chevreuil, 472.
• Cheyne, 420.
• “Cheyne-Stokes respiration,” 454.
• Child-bed described by St. Augustine, 54.
• Children’s hospitals, 439.
• Chinese medicine, 125.
• Chloroform, 464-466
• Christianity, influence of, on medicine, 237.
• “Christian science healing,” 406.
• Christison, Robert (1797-1882), 454.
• Chronos, Egyptian god, 59.
• Chrysippus (lived 4th cent. B.C.), 194.
• Chthonic orgies, 32.
• Chyliferous vessels, 390.
• Cicuta (the poison), 220.
• Cinchona bark, 38, 342, 382.
• Circulation of the blood, 202, 236, 237, 325, 351, 361, 364, 365, 378.
• Circumcision, its origin, 76.
• — practised by many races, 76, 77, 342.
• Clark, Andrew (b. 1826), 455, 484, 485.
• Cleopatra, a specialist in women’s diseases, 201.
• Climacteric years, a Chaldæan doctrine, 163.
• Clinical instruction in ancient Rome, 209, 368.
• — medicine, 312, 384.
• — thermometry, 431.
• Clive and vaccination, 440.
• Cloacina, 206.
• Club-foot, treatment of, by Hippocrates, 178.
• — tenotomy in, 462.
• Clysters in Egyptian medicine, 67, 156.
• Cnidian sentences, 170.
• Cnidos, school of, 170.
• Coan prognostics, 170.
• Cod-liver oil, 454.
• Cœlius Aurelianus, 219.
• Cohn, 473.
• Coiter, V. (1534-1600), 364.
• Colchicum used for gout, 218.
• Cold-water dressings, 433.
• — treatment of fever, 439.
• Cole, 420.
• Colic, curious remedy for, 251, 254.
• College of Health in Rome (154 B.C.), 206.
• Collége de Saint Côme, 323.
• Colles, A. (1773-1843), 459.
• Collins, S. (d. 1710), 393.
• Colour-blindness, 449.
• Colours in diseases, 251, 257, 258, 327.
• Columbus (d. 1559), 367, 385.
• Comma-bacillus, 474.
• Comparative anatomy, 192, 391.
• Compass, 294.
• Condensed milk invented, 220.
• Confucianism the chief religion of the Chinese, 126.
• Congo tribes, their theories of disease, 22, 30.
• Conjuring amongst savages, 26.
• Conolly, J. (1796-1866), 457.
• Conrad, Cardinal, 305.
• Conservative surgery, 434, 464.
• Constantine the Carthaginian, 310, 311.
• “Constitutional irritation,” theory of, 459.
• Consultations in ancient Rome, 211.
• Consumption, contagiousness of, 363.
• — treated with blood-bread, 131.
• Contagion, living, 473.
• Convalescent homes of ancient Rome, 240.
• Convulsions, 184.
• Coomboorah, good spirit of Australians, 24.
• Cooper, Astley (1768-1841), 459.
• Copaiba, 38.
• Copho (12th cent.), 313, 314.
• Copland, Robert (c. 1547), 359.
• Copper, 487.
• Coral as a charm, 410.
• — islanders, sorcery of, 23.
• Cordova famous for learning, 292, 293.
• Cordus, E. (1486-1535), 352.
• Cordus, V. (1515-1544), 352, 363.
• Corpuscles of the blind discovered, 389.
• Corsicans and the couvade, 52.
• Corumba wizards, 29.
• Corvisart, J. N. (1755-1821), 453.
• Corybantes, the, 85.
• Cos, school of, 170, 172.
• Cosmas and Damian, SS., 234, 323.
• Cosmo de Medici, 373.
• “Couching” for cataract, 211.
• Council of Tours (A.D. 1163) degraded surgery, 305.
• Couvade, the, described, 50.
• Cow-dung as a remedy, 285.
• — -pox, 439.
• — -religion of the Toda tribe, 48.
• Cowper, W. (1666-1709), 437.
• Cramp-rings, 371.
• “Critical days,” 106, 202.
• Crocodile’s dung used in medicine, 201, 211.
• — incantation against, 65.
• Croome, W. (d. 1684), 393.
• Croonian lectures, 393.
• Crotona, school of, 161.
• Croup, remedies for, 37, 363, 369.
• Cruikshank, W. (1745-1800), 436.
• Crystals, healing by, 33.
• Ctesias of Cnidus, 171.
• Cullen, W. (1710-1790), 426.
• Culpeper (c. 1653), 396.
• Cupping, 45, 156, 246.
• Currie, J. (1756-1805), 439.
• Cuvier, 421.
• Cyclamen, 251.
• Cyon, E. (b. 1843), 457.
• Cyrene, school of, 170.
• Czermak, 459.
• D.
• Dacotas, their theories of disease-demons, 22.
• Daêvas, the causes of disease amongst Parsees, 143.
• Dalton (1776-1844), 449.
• Dancing mania, 331, 339.
• Danish witchcraft, 18.
• Darling river, medicine on the, 27, 35.
• Darwin, Charles (1809-1882), 451.
• Darwin, Erasmus (1701-1802), 428.
• Darwinism in Hindu philosophy, 98.
• Dasyus, 96.
• Davaine, 473.
• David exorcised Saul by incantations, 78.
• Da Vinci, Leonardo (1452-1519), 336.
• Davy (1788-1829), 449, 464.
• Dead, the genii of, in Egypt, 63.
• — offence to the, as cause of disease, 20, 21.
• Death, superstitions connected with, 413.
• — fiends, 144.
• Decussation of optic nerves discovered, 209.
• De Dondis, Jacob (1298-1359), 326.
• Deities of Chinese medicine and surgery, 128.
• Demetrius of Apamœa (B.C. 276), 198.
• Democedes (6th cent. B.C.), 81, 164.
• Democritus of Abdera (5th cent. B.C.), 164.
• Demoniacal possession in Western Africa, 14.
• Demoniacs and lunatics, 16.
• Demonology precedes theology, 24.
• Demon-theory of disease in China, 126, 127, 129.
• Demons of disease, 10, 66, 77, 78, 86, 88, 89, 90, 99, 136, 143, 161, 327, 332, 346.
• Demonstrations of anatomy, 326, 390.
• Demosthenes Philalethes (c. A.D. 50), the oculist, 198, 211.
• Dengen, the gout demon, 14.
• Dental operations, 206, 217, 390.
• Dentistry, 299, 390.
• — of ancient Egyptians, 63.
• Derivation and revulsion, 176.
• Desault, P. J. (1744-1795). 433.
• Descartes (1596-1650), 377, 420.
• Desiderius (c. 1685), 310.
• Development from egg, 377.
• — understood by Pythagoras, 163.
• Devil brought up by emetics, 30.
• Dhanwantari, the Hindu Æsculapius, 104.
• Dhimal people of India, their theories of disease, 22.
• Diabetes first named and described, 198.
• Diagnosis, 228.
• — Egyptian, 68.
• Diana, goddess of health, 149.
• Diarrhœa, remedies for, 34.
• Dictionary, medical, 327.
• Dietetics, 176, 180, 181.
• Dieting the sick in Homer, 153.
• Digby, Sir Kenelm, 397.
• Digestion, 419.
• Diktynna, 150.
• Dill, 162.
• Dimsdale, J. (1711-1800), 439.
• Diocles Carystius, 189.
• Diogenes of Apollonia (460 B.C.), 160.
• Dionis, P. (died 1718), 390.
• Dionysus, 150, 151.
• — festivals of, 50, 150.
• — mysteries of, 32, 150.
• Dioscorides, his materia medica, 225.
• Diotima, the Athenian prophetess, 24.
• Discovery of causes, 165.
• Disease, a punishment for sin, 76, 87, 88, 89.
• — -demons, 29, 30, 86, 99.
• — — of Egypt, 64, 65.
• — dispelled by drumming, 17.
• — goddesses of the Romans, 206.
• — -making in the New Hebrides, 17.
• — personification of, 10.
• — -spirits, 10, 86, 89, 90, 129, 136, 327.
• — theory of, in Bible, 74.
• — theories of the Greeks, 166.
• — -winds, 90.
• Diseases as personages, 15, 139.
• — blown away, 29.
• — caused by offended dead, 20, 139.
• — — ghosts, 18, 31, 139.
• — the consequences of sin in previous states of existence, 100.
• — of the Bible, 79.
• — treated by magic, 26, 27, 86, 90, 351.
• Disgusting remedies, 131, 201, 211, 394-397.
• Dislocations well treated by Hippocrates, 174.
• Dissection, 218, 219, 325, 326, 379, 390.
• — of the human body, 326, 361.
• — — practised in time of Hippocrates, 174.
• — — in India, 114, 115, 117.
• Dittany eaten by wounded goats, 3, 150.
• Diuretic medicines, 38.
• Divination and physic, 26, 269.
• — by teraphim, 75.
• Dobbo, evil spirits of the Watje, 28.
• Doctor, title of, 307.
• Dodart, 420.
• Dogmatic school, the, 187.
• Dog-rose, why so called, 225.
• Dogs, their use of natural medicines, 3.
• Domestic medicine of middle ages, 324.
• Donzellini, 420.
• Douglas, J. (1675-1742), 426.
• Drake, J. (1667-1707), 431.
• Dran, Le (1685-1770), 432.
• Dreams, the origin of belief in the soul and future life, 9.
• Druggists of ancient Rome, 221.
• Druids, medicine of the, 269.
• Drum of the ear first described, 236.
• Drums, use of, in scaring disease-demons, 17.
• Drunkenness as a religious duty, 48.
• Dualism in Accadian philosophy, 88.
• Dubois, Jacques (1478-1555), 364.
• Duchenne, G. B., 457.
• Dumas (1800-1884), 449, 464.
• Duncan, M., 465.
• Dung in medicine, 396.
• Dusch, Van, 472.
• Dyaks of Borneo, 12, 13, 14.
• Dyonisia, the, drunkenness at, 50.
• Dysentery, remedies for, 34, 131.
• Dyspepsia, remedies for, 37, 38.
• E.
• Eagle stone, 257.
• Ear, anatomy of, 361, 367.
• — bones of, 337.
• — diseases, 217.
• Earth, edible, 36, 37.
• Eastern Inoits, 6.
• Ebers papyrus, 58, 64, 67, 69, 71.
• Ebn Albiathar (died about 1197), 297.
• Ecclesiasticus probably written by a physician, 82.
• Eclectics, sect of the, 227.
• Edinburgh College of Physicians, 373.
• — Medical School, 425, 436.
• Education of physicians, 103, 105, 178, 179, 305, 317, 426.
• Edward the Confessor, St., 372.
• Egypt, its great antiquity, 57.
• Egyptian medicine, 57, 67, 68.
• Ehrenberg, 473.
• Eir, goddess of physicians, 272.
• Elder, the, 256.
• Electricity, 427, 449.
• — first used in medicine, 215.
• Electro-therapeutics, 457.
• Elementary bodies, 83.
• Elements as causes of disease, 16, 90.
• — in Ovid’s metamorphoses, 166.
• Elephantiasis, 228.
• — first described, 213.
• Elixir of life, 100, 396.
• Elliotson, J., 430.
• Embalmers of Egypt, 61, 63.
• Embryotomy, 294.
• Emetics, 43, 83, 156.
• Empedocles (born about 490 B.C.), physiologist and philosopher, 160.
• Empirics, school of the, 199.
• Empiric tripod, the, 199, 201.
• Empyema, how treated by Hippocrates, 182.
• Enchanters, 91, 108.
• Enemas used by Mongols, 135.
• Engineering and physiology, 421.
• Epidaurus, temple of Æsculapius at, 149.
• Epidemics, theory of, 29.
• — of middle ages, 329-332.
• Epilepsy, 234.
• — and demoniacal possession, 181.
• — in the New Testament, 16.
• Epimenedes, 158.
• Epione (the Soother), 149.
• Episynthetics, sect of the, 227.
• Epsom salts, 438.
• Erasistratus of Iulis (about B.C. 340-280), 196.
• Erasmus, 357.
• Erichsen, J. E. (b. 1818), 460.
• Erysipelas, 183.
• Esmarch, F. (b. 1823), 462.
• Esmun, Phœnician god, 151.
• Esquimaux, an intermediate type between past and present, 6.
• Essenes, Jewish sect of, 82.
• Esthonians, 9.
• Ether, 352.
• — as an anæsthetic, 464.
• Ethics, medical, 169.
• Etienne, Charles (1503-1564), 364.
• Etiology, 446.
• Etiquette of physicians, 106, 107, 169, 298, 329.
• Etruscans, their science, 205.
• Eucalyptus, a popular remedy of Australian tribes, 34, 36.
• Eudemus (B.C. 15), 214.
• Euphorbius, 213.
• Euryphon of Cnidos, 170.
• Eustachian tube, 367.
• Eustachius, 367.
• Evil eye, 16, 410, 411.
• Examinations instituted at Montpellier, 305, 384.
• Excitability, doctrine of, 427.
• Excitement, theory of, 446.
• Exorcising disease-demons, 15, 86, 87, 136, 144, 163, 327.
• Exorcisms, 10, 13, 20, 21, 64, 72, 86, 90, 135, 136, 139, 142, 327, 411, 412.
• Expectant treatment, 382, 424.
• Experimental medicine, 369.
• — physiology, 212, 378, 379, 436, 456, 457, 483-485.
• Experiments, surgical, how practised by Hindus, 116.
• — their prerogatives, 322.
• Extension, surgical, 177.
• Eye, construction of the, 337.
• — diseases treated in Egypt with human brains, 69.
• — doctors satirised by Martial, 210.
• F.
• Fabricius (1557-1619), 364, 385.
• Facies Hippocratica, 181.
• Faith healing, its rationale, 320, 333, 481, 482.
• Fallopian tubes, 366.
• Fallopius, Gabriel (1523-1562), 366.
• Faraday, M. (1791-1867), 449.
• Farr, W., 478.
• Faye, Le, 433.
• Fees, 211, 323.
• — of Chinese doctors, 130.
• — the largest on record, 196.
• — of Welsh court physicians, 282.
• — — surgeons, 286.
• — of Parsee doctors, 144.
• Females, their marvellous influence, 53.
• Fennel, 285.
• Fermentation, 471, 473, 474.
• Fermented liquors, how discovered, 46.
• Fern (male), remedy for tape-worm, 36.
• Ferrier, D. (b. 1843), 457.
• Fetish worship, 249.
• Fetishism of the Malagasy, 23.
• Fever and stench goddesses, 206.
• — -demons, 31, 87, 97, 136, 137.
• — -puppets, 31.
• — spirit, the, 87, 89, 136.
• Fevers, treatment of, 383.
• — and ague, remedies for, 34, 43, 136, 137, 181, 342.
• Feverfew (the herb), 249.
• Fiends as the cause of insanity, 22.
• Fiend-sickness, 278.
• Final causes believed in by Galen, 230.
• Finnish mythology, 14.
• — theories of disease, 15.
• Finno-Tartarian magic, 125.
• Fire, 165.
• — -worship, 273.
• Fish capturing by poisons, 35.
• Fistula treated by the ligature, 177, 297.
• Flap operation, 229, 389.
• Flint instruments in surgery, 33, 43, 70.
• Flogging as a remedy, 139, 278.
• Flourens, P. (1794-1867), 456.
• Fludd, Robert (b. 1574), 368.
• Fœtus, anatomy of, 364, 367, 425.
• Fomentations, 42.
• Food remains in sorcery, 17.
• Forbes, J. (1787-1861), 467.
• Forceps, 244, 245.
• — in obstetric surgery, 435.
• Forensic medicine, 376, 454.
• Foster, M., 483, 484.
• Fothergill, J. (1712-1780), 436.
• Fourcroy, 448.
• Four doctors, the, 314.
• — masters, the, 314.
• Fractures, ancient treatment of, 178, 184, 216.
• France, anatomy in, 364.
• Franco, Pierre (c. 1560), 362.
• Frank, J. P., 429.
• Franklin, 450.
• Frascatorius (1483-1553), 363, 388.
• Frederic II., his services to medical education, 316, 317.
• Freemasonry, 370.
• Freind, J. (1675-1728), 432.
• Fuh-Hi, the deity of Chinese doctors, 127.
• Fuller, T. (d. 1734), 438.
• Fumitory and exorcism, 256.
• Funeral ceremonies, physicians not to be present at, 101.
• — offerings of the Egyptian fellahs, 72.
• — superstitions, 29, 72.
• Furnivall, Dr., on the medicine of the Tudor reigns, 359.
• G.
• Gaddesden, John of, 327.
• Galbanum, 275.
• Gale, Thomas (1507-1586), 354, 355, 363.
• Galen (b. A.D. 170), 229, 385.
• Gall, F. J. (1757-1828), 456.
• Gall-stones, 363.
• Galvani, 450.
• Ganglion, 183.
• Gariopontus (about 1056), 310.
• Gastroraphy in the time of the Vikings, 372.
• Gaunab, the Hottentot disease-demon, 16.
• Gay-Lussac, 449.
• Germ theory of disease, 432, 452, 471.
• Gesner, Conrad (1516-1565), 346, 351, 359, 362, 363.
• Geynes, Dr. (died 1563), 360.
• Ghosts as causing diseases, 23, 31, 139.
• Gilbert, William (died 1540), 361.
• Giliani, Alassandra, a lady anatomist, 326.
• Ginseng, 133.
• Gippsland, natives of, 23.
• Girdles, magic, 259.
• Glacial period of the Inoits, 6.
• Gladstone, Mr., on the origin of surgery, 41.
• Glands, anatomy of the, 390, 437.
• — of intestines discovered, 209.
• Glisson, Francis, 389.
• Gnosticism and amulets, 252.
• Goddard, J. (died 1674), 389.
• Gods, plants sacred to the, 46.
• Goethe, 452.
• Goitre, 459.
• Gold, 488.
• Gold Coast negroes trace diseases to ghosts, 13.
• Gooch, B., 433.
• Gordonius, 327.
• Goulston, Thomas (d. 1632), 380.
• Gout, 183, 280.
• Graaf, De, 339.
• Gräfe, Von, 459.
• Gradibus, M., de, 337.
• Graves, superstitions connected with, 413.
• Graves, R. J. (1797-1853), 454.
• Greatrakes, Valentine, 399.
• Gredring, J. E. (1718-1775), 439.
• Greek medicine, 147.
• Greeks indebted to Egypt for philosophy, 98.
• Gregory, J. (1758-1822), 426.
• Grew, N. (b. 1641), 438.
• Gross, S. (1805-1884), 462.
• Guaiacum, 38, 342, 375.
• Guanches of the stone and bone epoch, 6.
• Guglielmini, 420.
• Guinea, people of, attribute disease to enchantment, 29.
• Gunpowder, 294.
• Guthrie, G. (1785-1856), 460.
• Guy, 478.
• Guy de Chauliac (b. 1300), 330.
• Gwyddoniaid, the, Welsh men of knowledge, 280.
• Gymnasia, 171.
• Gynæcology, 219, 242, 243, 294, 313, 361, 429.
• H.
• Haeckel, Ernst (b. 1834), 452.
• Hæmorrhoids operated on by Hippocrates, 177, 183.
• Haen, De (1704-1776), 431.
• Haeser, H. (1811-1885), 466.
• Hahnemann (1755-1843), 446-448.
• Hair, cuttings of, superstitions concerning, 17, 143.
• — dye of Egyptians, 71.
• — superstitions concerning, 16, 143, 408.
• Hales, S. (1677-1761), 436.
• Hall, M. (1790-1857), 457.
• Haller (1708-1777), 437.
• Hallucinations of vision first distinguished by Celsus, 217.
• Hamey, B., 389.
• Hantu disease-spirits, 12.
• Haoma, the king of healing-plants, 142.
• Hare-lip, ancient treatment of, 277, 297.
• Hart, Ernest (b. 1836), 467.
• Harvey, William (1578-1657), 377, 385-388.
• Hastings, C. (1794-1866), 467.
• Havers, C. (d. 1702), 425.
• Hayti, poisoning in, 19.
• Hea, an Accadian deity, 88, 91, 92, 93, 95.
• Head, injuries to the, 184.
• Headache, remedies for, 34, 37, 89, 251.
• — cured by drum-beating, 17.
• Healing art a religion, 446.
• — craft of Australian tribes, 33.
• Heberden, W. (1710-1801), 439.
• Hebra (1816-1880), 455.
• Hebrews had no magic of their own, 75.
• Hecquet, 419.
• Hegel, G. W. F. (1770-1831), 451.
• Hegeton, 198.
• Heidenhain, R., 457.
• Heliodorus (c. A.D. 100), 228.
• Hellebore, 220.
• — first used by Melampus, 152.
• — its uses discovered by the goat, 3.
• Hells for Chinese physicians, 129.
• Helmholtz, H. L. (b. 1821), 463.
• Helmont, Van, 380, 419.
• Hemlock, 220.
• — eaten by goats, sheep, and horses, 4.
• Hemp intoxication, 310.
• Henbane eaten by sheep, cows, and pigs, 4.
• Henle, F. G. (1809-1815), 452, 473.
• Heracleitus of Ephesus (born about 556 B.C.), 159.
• Herbalists, 359, 369.
• Herb baths, 401.
• Hermes, god of medicine, 150.
• Hermes Trismegistus, 58, 60, 150.
• Hermetic books, the, 58, 61, 151, 337.
• Hernia, 192, 228, 316.
• Herniotomy, 362.
• Herodicus, 171, 172, 477.
• Herodotus on Egyptian medicine, 62.
• — found no doctors in Babylon and Assyria, 89, 90.
• — (Roman physician), 228.
• Herophilus of Chalcedon (about B.C. 335-280), 195.
• Hesiod, 155.
• Highmore, N. (1613-1685), 390.
• Hildegard, St., famous physician, 307.
• Himly, C. (1772-1837), 463.
• Hinduism as a creed, 97.
• Hindus, antiquity of, 96.
• Hip-joint disease, 183.
• Hippocrates (b. 460 B.C.), 172.
• — first described trepanning, 44.
• — works of, 178.
• Hippopotamus fabled to have discovered the art of bleeding, 156.
• Hispaniola, divination and physic in, 26.
• Histories of Medicine, 432, 466, 467.
• Hobbes (1588-1679), 379.
• Hodgkin, T. (1797-1866), 454.
• Hoffmann, F. (1660-1742), 421, 422, 424, 472.
• Holy water, 272.
• — — in Babylonian sorcery, 87.
• — wells, 272, 401.
• Home, Sir E., 434.
• Homer, medicine of, 152.
• — on Egyptian medicines, 66.
• Homœopathy, 234, 446-448.
• Honain (9th cent.), 295.
• Hooping-cough, 285.
• Horne, Van (1621-1670), 391.
• Horsley, V., 458.
• Horus, Egyptian divinity, 58, 60.
• Hospitals, their origin, 239, 240, 241, 294, 341.
• — in India, 120.
• — and medical schools of ancient Hindus, 117.
• — at Damascus, 294.
• Hottentots, disease-demon of the, 16.
• — practise inoculations, 45.
• Houel, N. (1520-1585), 375.
• Howard, John (1726-1790), 429.
• Howell, Dda (A.D. 930), his medical laws, 282.
• Huang-ti, an ancient Chinese writer on medicine, 126.
• Hudibras on the couvade, 52.
• Hufeland, C. W. von (1762-1836), 446.
• Hukeems, native doctors of India, 121, 123.
• Human flesh in Chinese medicine, 132.
• — sacrifices and anatomy, 271.
• — — commuted in circumcision, 77.
• Humanism, 337.
• Humboldt, 449.
• Humoral pathology, 189, 426.
• Hunter, J. (1728-1793), 433.
• Hunter, W. (1718-1783), 438.
• Husbands, treatment of, by Carib wives, 50.
• Hutchinson, J. (b. 1828), 460.
• Huxley, Thomas (b. 1825), 452.
• Hydatids of liver understood by Hippocrates, 182.
• Hydrocephalus, trephining for, 183.
• Hydrodynamics, 379.
• Hydrogen, 350.
• Hydrophobia, remedies for, 83.
• — superstitions, remedy for, 210.
• “Hydrostatic test,” 376.
• Hydro-therapeutics, 467.
• Hygeia, goddess of health, 149.
• Hygiene, 478.
• Hymns to cure disease, 88.
• Hypnotism, 457.
• I.
• Iatro-chemical school, 419.
• — -mathematical school, 419, 420.
• Iatrosophists, 236.
• Iberians, their birth customs, 52.
• Ibis believed to have invented clysters, 67.
• Ibn Ezra, 84.
• Iccus of Tarentum, 171.
• Ideas, the origin of, 9.
• Idiots divinely inspired, 22.
• Ignorant doctors of China have a special hell, 129.
• I Kuang Tāi Wông, the god of Chinese surgery, 127.
• Iliac passion, the, how treated, 214.
• Images of demons as talismans, 88.
• — of gods used to ward off disease-demons, 95.
• —, wax, etc., their use in sorcery, 17, 66, 405, 406.
• Imhotep, the Egyptian Æsculapius, 58.
• Immortality of the soul taught by Pythagoras, 163.
• Immunity, 457.
• Incantations against diseases, 15, 86, 87, 91, 108, 247.
• Income of Greek physicians, 203.
• — of Roman physicians, 211, 212.
• Incubatory sleep, 167.
• Indian Archipelago, disease spirits of, 12.
• — medicine and the Mahometans, 298.
• — tribes, their medicine and surgery, 41, 42.
• Indra taught mankind the healing art, 100.
• Inductive method in science, 322, 377.
• Inferior laryngeal nerve discovered, 209.
• Influenza, 352.
• Inhibitory nerves, 457.
• Injection of drugs into veins, 391.
• Inoculation for small-pox, 425, 439, 440.
• — — practised by Chinese and other nations from the earliest times, 45.
• Inoits, their magicians, 29.
• Insane persons worshipped as divine, 22.
• Insanity considered as divine, 21.
• — diagnosis of, 439.
• — treatment of, 363, 456, 467-470.
• Insects, immortality of, 21.
• Inspection of drug-shops, 317.
• Instruments, surgical, 244, 433.
• — of Hindu surgery, 115, 116.
• Intoxicants, universal, 46.
• Intoxication and the godhead, 47.
• — rationale of, 49, 50.
• Inunction used by ancient Greeks, 44.
• Iodide of potassium, 487.
• Iodine, 487.
• Ionicus of Sardis, 225.
• Ipecacuanha, 342.
• Iris, contractility of the, 390.
• Iritis, 463.
• Iron, its first use in medicine, 151, 221, 486.
• Iroquois, child-bearing amongst the, 52.
• Irrigation of wounds, 237.
• Irritability, doctrine of, 422, 426.
• Ishak Ben Soleiman (830-940), 296.
• Isis and Osiris, 58, 59, 60.
• Italy, anatomy in, 365, 366.
• Itch-goddess, 206.
• — -mite, 429.
• J.
• Jackson, J. H., 458.
• Jacobus Psychristus, 236.
• Jacques, Frère (c. 1697), 393.
• Jains, the, 102.
• Jalap, 38.
• James, R. (1703-1776), 428.
• Japanese medicine, 139.
• Javanese believers in animism, 14.
• Jaw, fracture of, 184.
• Jenner, E. (1749-1823), 439.
• Jenner, William (b. 1815), 454.
• Jewish physicians at Salerno, 309, 310.
• — religion, its comparative purity, 73.
• Jews, the medicine of the, 73.
• — the magic-mongers of Rome, 84.
• — their “golden age,” 84.
• Jíwaka, Buddha’s physician, 111.
• John of Salisbury on doctors, 306.
• Jones, 458.
• Joyliffe, George (died 1658), 381.
• Julian (A.D. 140), 219.
• Jung-Stilling (1740-1817), 463.
• Jurin, 420.
• K.
• Kabeiri gods, 75, 85, 151.
• Kaffirs, theories of disease amongst, 28.
• Kalevala of the Finns, 15.
• — the, 408.
• Kalmucks, their exorcism of disease, 28.
• Karens of Burmah trace diseases to the rainbow, 13.
• Karma, 110.
• Kava intoxication, 49.
• Keill, 420.
• Keith, 465.
• Kern, Von (1769-1829), 462.
• Kerner, 476.
• Khonds of Orissa and the small-pox, 12, 13.
• — all get royally drunk, 48.
• Kidney, the, 389.
• — fat of a bewitched man, 17.
• King’s evil, 371.
• Kircher, A. (1598-1680), 471.
• Kirghis cure disease by sorcery, 139.
• Knots (magic) as cures for disease, 89.
• — as charms, 257.
• — in magic, 408, 409.
• Knox, 461.
• Koch, R. (b. 1843), 474, 480.
• Kolarians of Bengal, their cure for diseases, 48.
• Kombinegherry tribe of Australia, 24.
• Komil, an intoxicating drink, 48.
• Koran, 293.
• Kousso, remedy for tape-worm, 36.
• L.
• Lacteals, the, 390.
• Laënnec, R. T. H. (1781-1826), 453.
• Lama doctors, 134, 135.
• Lamarck, 428, 452.
• Lancets, 245.
• Lancisi (c. 1718), 472.
• Langenbeck, 462.
• Langrish, B., 436.
• Larry, J. D. (1766-1842), 461.
• Latum, 473.
• Laudanum, 348, 382.
• Lavoisier, 448.
• Law, the, of Hippocrates, 178, 179.
• Lawrence, W. (1783-1867), 460.
• Lead, 487.
• Learning, the revival of, 336.
• Lectisternes at Rome, 208.
• Lectures on medicine, 305, 426.
• Leech Book, 276.
• Leeches first used in Europe, 214.
• — in Sanskrit works on surgery, 114.
• Leek juice, 285.
• Leeuwenhoeck (1632-1723), 389, 471.
• Legal medicine, 376, 454.
• — recognition of doctors in England, 353.
• Lemery, 419.
• Lemon juice in scurvy, 374.
• Lenormant, Professor, on disease-demons, 15, 139.
• Leonidas of Alexandria, 229.
• Leprosy, 183, 219, 249, 432.
• — Egyptian, cures for, 69.
• — treated with human blood, 131.
• Lettsom, J. C. (1744-1815), 428.
• Levasseur (c. 1540), 367.
• Lex Cornelia punished negligent doctors, 210.
• Libavius, A. (1546-1616), 362, 419.
• Libraries, public, of Moors in Spain, 292.
• Licking as a fomentation, 3.
• Liebig, J. (1803-1873), 449.
• Life, indestructibility of, 21.
• Ligature of arteries, 224, 232, 235, 237, 296, 368.
• Light and heat, undulatory theory of, 337.
• Lime, 486.
• Linacre, Thomas (b. 1460), 346, 358.
• Linnæus, 472.
• Lisfranc, J. (1790-1847), 461.
• Lister, 472.
• Lister’s antiseptic surgery, 477.
• Liston (1794-1847), 460.
• Litany to fever, 87.
• — to disease-demons, 91.
• Literature, Greek medical, 204.
• Lithotomy, 169, 215, 216, 237, 272, 294, 316, 393, 426, 432, 433.
• Lithotrity, 459.
• — first practised, 198, 244.
• Littré, M., on miracles of healing, 320.
• Liver, 364.
• — eaten by demons, 12.
• Lock Hospital, 435.
• Locke, John (1632-1704), 388.
• Logwood, 38, 342.
• London Hospital medical school, 459.
• Lotze, R. H. (1817-1884), 451.
• Louhiatar, the Finnish disease-demon, 15.
• Louis (1723-1792), 433.
• Louis (1787-1872), 453.
• Lower, R. (1631-1691), 393.
• Lubbock, Sir John, on savages, 5.
• — on the surgery of the Society Islanders, 43.
• Lucius, 237.
• Lucky and unlucky days in medicine, 66.
• Ludford, Simon (c. 1563), 360.
• Ludwig, D. (c. 1671), 394.
• Lulli, Raymond (1235-1315), 322.
• Lunatics and demoniacs, 16.
• — treated by flogging, 278.
• “Luz,” nucleus of the resurrection of the body, 83.
• Lycanthropy, 236, 470.
• Lycus (anatomist), 209.
• Lymphatics, the, 381, 390.
• M.
• Machaon, son of Æsculapius, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155.
• Maclaurin, 459.
• Madagascar, theories of disease in, 13.
• Magendie, F. (1782-1855), 481.
• Magical yarŭk, 23.
• Magic in the treatment of diseases, 26, 27, 65, 86, 90, 129, 141, 144, 271, 327, 351, 375, 376, 405.
• — Chaldæan, 87, 88.
• — Egyptian, 64, 65, 66.
• — of the Finns medicinal, 15.
• — in the Talmud, 83.
• Magnesia, 486.
• Magnus of Alexandria, 225.
• Maharncourt, Peter de, 323.
• Mahomet’s skill in medicine, 293.
• Maimonides (died 1198), 84, 298.
• Malagasy and the future life, 23.
• Malays have a special demon for each disease, 14.
• — sorcery of, 22.
• Malebranche (1638-1715), 379.
• Malgaigne, J. (1806-1865), 461.
• Malpighi, M. (1628-1694), 386, 389.
• Mandingoes, their idea of intoxication, 47.
• Mandiocca, fermentation of, 48.
• Mandrake, 133.
• Manioc plant, 36.
• Manna, 34.
• Manners and tone of good physicians, 312.
• Manteas (B.C. 250) first made a book of recipes, 198.
• Mantira people, their theory of disease, 12.
• Mantras, 110.
• Māra, a demon, 110.
• Marasmus, 234.
• Marcellus, Empiricus, 237, 395.
• Marghi people, their intoxicating drink, 48.
• Marinus (Roman anatomist), 209, 225.
• Marro, a charm, 24.
• Martialis (A.D. 150), 198.
• Maruts or Smashers, 9.
• Masks to frighten small-pox deity, 129.
• Massage, 167, 212, 399.
• — practised by savages, 43, 44.
• Mata, small-pox goddess of India, 119, 120.
• Materialism, 451.
• Materia Medica, 220, 222, 225, 232, 307, 315, 323. 391, 392, 394.
• — of Egyptians, 69.
• — of India, 118.
• Mathematical school of medicine, 381, 419.
• Matico, 41.
• Matter, eternity of, 99, 159.
• Maudsley, H. (b. 1835), 457.
• Maxims of Welsh physicians, 283-285.
• Max Müller on the Esthonians, 9.
• Maykeeka, doctor of New South Wales, 27.
• Mayow, 423.
• “Me,” “the essential part of,” 23.
• Mead, R. (1673-1754), 431.
• Measles, goddesses of, in China, 128.
• Mecasphim and Casdim, 91.
• Mechanical school of medicine, 420.
• Meckel, J. F. (1724-1774), 437.
• Medical education in Egypt, 69.
• — in India, 103.
• — in Rome, 209.
• — guild in Rome, 210.
• — literature as studied in Chaucer’s time, 329.
• — police, 429.
• Medicinal plants tenanted by good spirits, 14.
• Medicine and civilization, 8.
• — its origin, mysterious, 41.
• — and philosophy of Pythagoras, 162.
• — as the propitiation of evil spirits, 22.
• — as a totem, 32.
• — “the great,” 128.
• — dance, 32.
• — men, 17, 18, 22, 27, 30, 31, 33, 248, 404.
• — — their secret language, 30.
• Medicines, who discovered them? 7, 85.
• Medico-Chemical sect, the, 380, 419.
• Mediums, 10, 21, 30, 128.
• — as Chinese doctors, 128.
• Meges (B.C. 20), 214.
• Megrims, 286.
• Meibom, H. (1638-1700), 438.
• Melampus, the first physician, 151, 221.
• Melancholia, 236.
• Meletius (4th cent.), 236.
• Menders of souls, 30.
• Mental diseases, 209.
• Mentik, the cause of rice disease, 14.
• Menu, code of, 100.
• Mercury, 150, 350, 487.
• — in syphilis, 431.
• “Merry Andrew,” 358.
• Mesmer, F. A. (1733-1815), 430.
• Mesmerism, 235, 430, 457.
• Mesue the younger (about 1015), 296.
• Metallurgy, 323.
• Metempsychosis, 163.
• Methodists, school of the, 212, 214.
• Metschnikoff, 475.
• Mexicans, their beer, 46.
• Mexico, 341.
• Mezûza wards off demons, 75.
• Microbes, 472.
• Microscope in anatomy, 389, 390, 471.
• Midwifery, 295, 313, 361.
• Midwives, 219, 272, 362.
• Millet-seed beer, 48.
• Millington, T. (c. 1676), 391.
• Mind cures, 481.
• Mineral medicines, 350, 486-488.
• — medicines used by Rhazes, 296.
• — waters, 400.
• Mineralogy, 293, 351.
• Minerva invoked by physicians, 149.
• Miracles of healing, 481.
• — at the tomb of St. Louis, 320.
• — of Tartar surgery, 138.
• Mistletoe in medicine, 34, 270.
• Mithridates the Great, 201.
• “Mithridaticum,” 201, 375.
• Mivart, George (b. 1827), 452.
• Mohammedan medicine, 287.
• Molee charms, 27.
• Moly, the, of Homer, 249.
• Monasteries, rise of the, 300.
• Monastic botany, 369.
• Mondino, the father of modern anatomy (c. 1315), 325, 385.
• Mongolian peoples, 125.
• — Shamanism, 27.
• Mongols, their knowledge of anatomy, 135.
• Mongoose, its use of antidote to snake-poison, 3.
• Monotheism of the Bible, 74.
• Monro, A. (1697-1767), 436.
• Montagu, Lady W. (1690-1762), 439.
• Montaigne, Michel de (1533-1592), 351.
• Monte Cassino, 308, 309.
• Montpellier, its services to education, 305, 384.
• — school of, 303, 304, 384.
• Moonlight, injurious effects of, 81.
• Morand (1697-1773), 432.
• Morbus sacer, 181.
• Morgagni, G. B. (1682-1772), 437.
• Morgan, J. (1736-1789), 427.
• Moschion Diorthortes (c. 6th cent.), 242.
• Moses (B.C. 1490), 477.
• Mosques as universities, 292.
• Moss from a dead man’s skull, 397.
• Mott, V. (1785-1865), 462.
• Mountain peaks invoked, 16.
• Mouse-dung as a remedy, 285, 395.
• Muffet, Thomas (died 1604), 361.
• Müller (c. 1786), 472.
• Murchison, C. (1830-1879), 454.
• Mūrŭp, a disembodied spirit, 23.
• Musandinus, 315.
• Music in the treatment of disease, 165.
• Mussel shells as surgical instruments, 33.
• Mustard, 285.
• Myddvai, physicians of, 281, 283.
• Myrepsus, Nicholas (c. 1250), 323.
• Mystical school, 419.
• Mystic sign in Hindu medicine, 109.
• Myxoedema, 458.
• N.
• Naboth, M. (1675-1721), 437.
• Naegeli, 473.
• Nail-parings, superstitions concerning, 16, 143, 407.
• Namtar and Idpa, 89.
• Nasal polypus, a punishment for sin, 82.
• Nasty physic first disguised by St. Hildegard, 307.
• Natural explanations the result of science, 24.
• — history, 225, 351, 361.
• — — studied by Aristotle, 192.
• — philosophy, 336, 377, 378, 379.
• — sciences, 448.
• Nature the physician of diseases, 176.
• Neatness of Indian surgery, 42.
• Necromancers, 335.
• — and tombs, 413.
• Needfire, 273.
• Needham, W. (died 1691), 425.
• Negro priest-physicians, 28.
• — religion is fetishism, 65.
• Negroes, their theories of disease, 28.
• Nelaton, A. (1807-1874), 461.
• Nemesius (4th cent.), 236.
• Neoplatonism, its influence on medicine, 235.
• Nepenthe, 70, 154.
• Nerves, 231, 232, 325, 364, 378, 389, 391, 436.
• — of sensation and motion recognised, 196, 224.
• Nervous disorders, 220, 236, 391.
• — system, structure of, 364, 367, 379.
• Nestorians, 288, 290, 291.
• Neuralgia, remedies for, 34.
• Newman, Cardinal, on the world’s benefactors, 7.
• Newton, Isaac (1642-1727), 378, 379, 420.
• New Zealand, theories of disease in, 13.
• Nganga, a medicine man of the Congo, 30.
• Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464), 336.
• Nicholas Præpositus (c. 1140), 313.
• Nicholas V. (1389-1455), Pope, 336.
• Nicholls, F. (1699-1778), 436.
• Nightingale, Florence (b. 1820), 467.
• Nigritian character of Egyptian religion, 65.
• Nine secrets of the Brahmans, 101.
• Nineveh, excavations at, 91.
• Nirvana, 111.
• Nitrous oxide gas, 449, 464, 466.
• Noijat, sorcerers of Finland, 14.
• Nonnus (10th cent.), 302.
• “No Restraint” system, 457.
• Nosology, 104, 204.
• Novum Organon, the, 377, 378, 380.
• Nuck, A. (1650-1692), 390.
• Nukahivans, their use of kava, 49.
• Numa Pompilius, 205.
• Numbers, magic in, 258, 259.
• — the philosophy of, 162-164.
• — Pythagorean doctrine of, 162, 163, 216.
• Nursing reform, 467.
• Nux Vomica, 129.
• O.
• Oath of the Asclepiades, 169.
• Ob, an ancient Egyptian demon, 19.
• Obeah witchcraft of West Indies, 18, 19.
• Obi-men, 19.
• Obsession, 10.
• Obstetricians, 435, 479.
• Obstetrics, 218, 242, 243, 294, 296, 313, 361, 362, 429, 435.
• Occult philosophy, 337, 347, 368.
• Oculists in Rome, 210, 217.
• Odd and even days in diseases, 164.
• — days, the, 202.
• Odin a doctor, 272.
• Odyl, 430.
• Œons, 252.
• Offences against dead a cause of disease, 12, 20, 139.
• Ointment for sorcerers, 413.
• Old age described in Ecclesiastes, 80.
• — women, experiments on, 35.
• Olfactory nerves discovered, 337.
• Operations invented by ancient Hindus, 117.
• Ophthalmic surgery, 210, 211, 217, 296, 464.
• Ophthalmology, 463.
• Ophthalmoscope, 463.
• Opium-eaters, 47.
• Opium known to the ancients, 70, 154.
• — used to procure sleep, 201.
• Optic nerves, 364.
• — decussation of, 209.
• Oracle-spirits, 10.
• Orfila (1787-1853), 449.
• Orgies of Dionysus, 32, 150.
• Oribasius (A.D. 326-403), 235.
• “Original People” of Malay Peninsula, 22.
• Ormuzd, 141, 142, 143.
• Orphic mysteries, 163.
• Osteology, 216.
• Oüycou, a Carib liquor, 51.
• Ovariotomy of savages, 43, 45.
• — of civilized people, 361, 460.
• Owen, George (died 1558), 359.
• — Richard (1804-1892), 451.
• Oxford University, 339, 382, 383.
• P.
• Pacchioni, A. (1665-1726), 437.
• Pæon the healer, 66, 147.
• Pagés, priests of the Amazon, 26.
• Paget, J. (b. 1814), 460.
• Pakht, Egyptian god, 58.
• Palal, the supreme pontiff of the cow-religion, 48.
• Palfyn, J. (1649-1730), 435.
• Pallas Athene, goddess of health, 149.
• Palletta (1747-1823), 433.
• Palmer, Mr. E., on the medicine of Australian tribes, 33.
• Pancreas, duct of the, 391.
• Pander, 481.
• Pantheism, 97.
• Panum, 476.
• Paper invented by the Arabs, 294.
• Papuan Islanders and arrack, 47.
• Papyrus of Ebers, 58, 64, 67, 69, 71.
• — Harris, 65.
• — Lee and Rollin, 65.
• — Berlin, 68.
• Parabolani, an order of clerical nurses for sick, 241.
• Paracelsus (1493-1541), 331, 346, 347, 380, 419.
• Paracentesis in ascites, 177, 182.
• Paraschistes, Egyptian dissectors, 64.
• Parasites of skin diseases, 457.
• Paré, Ambroise (1509-1590), 368-376.
• Parker, 478, 479.
• Parsees, medicine of, 141.
• Parturition, medicines in, 37.
• Pascal (1623-1662), 379, 410.
• Pasteur, L. (b. 1820), 472, 474, 477, 480.
• Pastophori, 62.
• Patagonian wizards, 21, 22.
• Pathology, 227, 313, 437.
• — amongst Egyptians, 63.
• — of faith-healing, 320.
• Pathological school of medicine, 446.
• Patron saints of the Javanese, 14.
• Paulus Ægineta (c. 7th cent.), 211, 242.
• Pecquet, J. (1622-1674), 390.
• Peiresc, F. de (1580-1637), 390.
• Pelletier, 449.
• Pelops (anatomist), 209.
• Pemberton, H., 420.
• Penance as a remedy for disease, 101.
• Penny, Thomas (c. 1570), 361.
• Percussion of thorax, 177, 453.
• Percy (1754-1825), 433.
• Periapts, 254, 255.
• Periodeutes, the, 242.
• Perkuna, the thunder-god, 9.
• Perrault, 420.
• Persians employed Egyptian physicians, 71.
• Peru, 341, 383.
• Petit, J. L. (1674-1750), 432.
• Petrocellus (about 1035), 310.
• Petroleum, 275.
• Petrus Apono (1250-1315), 326.
• Peyer, J. C. (1653-1712), 437.
• Phagocyte theory, 475.
• Phallic worship, 76, 85.
• Pharmacopœias, 313, 363, 364, 392, 394.
• Pharmacy, 220, 236, 237, 296, 299, 315, 332, 350, 375, 391, 392, 419.
• — and medicine separated, 315, 317.
• — elegant, 307.
• — in ancient Egypt, 69.
• — in China, 133.
• — of Hindus, 115.
• Pherecydes (c. 609 B.C.), 158.
• Philinus of Cos (B.C. 280), 199, 200.
• Philip of Cæsarea, 234.
• Philonides, 213.
• Philosophy, modern, 377.
• — of the Greeks, 158.
• — of the Hindus, 97, 98.
• Philosophical Society of Oxford, 378.
• — transactions, the, 378.
• Philoxenos (about B.C. 260), 198.
• Philoxenus the oculist, 210.
• Philtres, 222, 413.
• Philumenus (c. A.D. 60), 218.
• Phlebitis, 434.
• Phlogiston, 423.
• Phœnicia, oculists of, 58.
• Phœnicians devoted to phallic worship, 85.
• Phosphorus, 487.
• Phrenology, 456.
• Phthisis, Hippocrates on, 182.
• Phylacteries of the Jews were amulets, 75, 86.
• Physical science, 160, 322.
• Physic-god represented by doctor, 109.
• Physicians always originally wizards, 26, 86.
• — and surgeons of primitive man, 40.
• — behaviour, 103, 312.
• — College of, 357.
• Physics, 351.
• Physiological medicine, 446.
• Physiology, 212, 228, 336, 367, 381, 384, 390, 420, 436.
• Piayas, diviners of North America, 26.
• Pig, anatomy of the, 313.
• Pigeons’ dung in pregnancy, 131.
• Pills of precious stones, 130.
• — in Egyptian pharmacy, 69.
• Pincers, 244, 245.
• Pinel, P. (1745-1826), 456.
• Pitard, Jean (1228-1315), 323.
• Pitcairn, A. (1652-1713), 419, 425.
• Pitcairn, W. (1711-1791), 438.
• Pius II., see Æneas Sylvius.
• Plain cooking, 15.
• Plants, the food of ghosts, 23.
• — the homes of the departed, 14, 46.
• — medicinal, well understood by Australian tribes, 33.
• Plant-worship, 32, 46, 142, 269, 270.
• Plastic operations, 216, 462.
• Platearius, Johannes, 314.
• Platearius, Matthæus, 314.
• Plato (B.C. 427-347), 185.
• Platter, Felix (1536-1614), 363.
• Plenciz, M. A. (c. 1762), 472.
• Pliny the elder (A.D. 23-79), his natural history, 225.
• Plotinus (A.D. 205-270), 235.
• Pneumatists, sect of the, 227.
• Podalirius, son of Æsculapius, 149, 152, 153, 155.
• Poisons, action of, 431.
• — and poisoning, 439.
• — of a spiritual kind, 23.
• — science of, 449, 454.
• Poisoning, art of, 323, 324, 404, 439.
• — by Obeah-men, 19.
• — secret, 222, 223.
• Poisonous plants the homes of demons, 14, 46.
• — used as food when boiled, 34.
• Polynesian disease spirits, 12.
• Polypus of nose, 182, 316.
• Pomegranate, 237.
• Possession, demoniacal, 10, 20, 86, 99, 138, 143, 403.
• Potash, 487.
• Potassium, 487.
• Pott, P. (1713-1788), 433.
• Poultices, use of, by savages, 33.
• “Powder of sympathy,” 397.
• Prairie Indians trace all diseases to one demon, 13.
• Praxagoras of Cos (4th cent. B.C.), 192.
• Precious stones as charms, 75.
• Pre-existence believed by Empedocles, 161.
• Pregnancy, ceremonies in, 144.
• — changes induced by, 219.
• Prescriptions of Egyptian physicians, 66, 67.
• Preventive medicine, 100.
• Priest and medicine-man formerly one, 8, 86.
• Priest-magicians of Egypt, 62.
• — physicians, 27, 30, 86, 270, 271.
• Priests of the Jews, no monopoly of medicine, 75.
• Priestley, J., 448, 464.
• Primitive man as seen in Australian aborigines, 24.
• Primrose, James, 389.
• Principia, 379.
• Probe, the, 245.
• Prognosis, 107.
• — in Hippocratic teaching, 176.
• Prometheus, 151.
• Prophetical intoxication, 31.
• Propitiation of disease-demons, 16, 136.
• — of gods for cure of diseases, 270.
• Protestantism in science, 346.
• Proteus signifies matter, 165.
• Prussic acid, 222, 436.
• Psychical school, 419, 421.
• Ptah, Egyptian god, 58.
• Ptolemy Soter patron of the arts and sciences, 194.
• Ptomaines, 476.
• Public sanitary service of Rome, 210.
• Pulque, 46.
• Pulse, doctrine of the, 196.
• — the, in Hindu medicine, 115.
• — Galen’s description of, 113, 232.
• Purgatives, 43, 156, 314.
• Purging discovered by Melampus, 156.
• Purkinje, 481.
• Puschmann, T., 467.
• Putrefaction, 471, 472.
• Puyung of the Malay forest tribes, 22.
• Pythagoras (born 582 B.C.), 162.
• — learned his doctrine from Oriental philosophers, 99.
• Pythagorean school at Crotona, 161.
• Q.
• Quain, R., 467.
• Quarantine, 339.
• Quassia-wood, 38.
• “Quid pro quo,” origin of the expression, 314.
• Quinine, 342, 449.
• Quintus (Roman anatomist), 209, 225.
• R.
• Rabbits do not vomit with ipecacuanha, 4.
• Rabelais, François (c. 1490-1553), 352.
• Radcliffe, John (1650-1714), 425.
• Radishes to prevent hydrophobia, 285.
• Rain, prayers to, 9.
• Rainy season and the gods, 29.
• Ramus (c. 1562), 368.
• Rasori, G. (1762-1837), 445.
• Rats amputate their own legs, 3.
• Recipe books, 313, 323.
• Recurrent nerves, when discovered, 209.
• Reflex action, 457.
• Reform of medicine, 345, 391.
• Reformation, its effect on medicine, 369.
• Reichenbach, Von, 430.
• Reimarus, J. A. H. (1729-1814), 463.
• Re-incarnation believed by Empedocles, 161.
• Remak, R. (1815-1865), 457.
• Remedies used by animals, 3.
• Repentance as a cure of disease, 88.
• Resection of jaw, 316.
• — of joints, 460, 461.
• Reuchlin, Johann (1455-1522), 337.
• Revival of learning, 337.
• Rhazes (9th cent.), 295, 296.
• Rheumatism first described, 214.
• — remedies in, 37, 38, 43.
• — miraculous cures of, 481.
• Rhinoplastic surgery, 367.
• Rhiwallon (Welsh physician, 13th cent.), 283.
• Rhubarb first introduced, 243.
• Richard Fitz-Nigel, 307.
• Richardson, B. W. (b. 1828), 480.
• Richter (1742-1812), 433.
• Rickets, 389.
• Rig Veda, 47, 96, 97.
• Rishis or Hindu sages, 100.
• Robert of Gloucester on Anglo-Norman surgery, 306.
• Robertson, Dr., on the progress of man, 6.
• Roeschlaub, J. A. (1768-1835), 446.
• Roger of Parma (c. 1210), 316.
• Rokitansky, K. von (1804-1878), 454.
• Rolando, 316.
• Romanes, G. F., 452.
• Roman medicine, 205.
• Rose water, 302.
• Rosenkreuz, Christian, 370.
• Rosicrucians, 370.
• Rosy Cross, Society of, 370.
• Rousset, François (about 1581), 362.
• Roux, P. J. (1780-1854), 461.
• Royal Society, the, 380.
• Rudbeck, O. (1630-1702), 390.
• Rufus of Ephesus (A.D. 98-117), 209, 223.
• Ruini, C. (c. 1598), 375.
• Rune lays, 252.
• S.
• Sabatier (1723-1811), 433.
• Sabbath, origin of, was Accadian, 95.
• Sabines, the, 205.
• Sacred plants, 46, 48, 142.
• Sacrifices of tobacco to the sun, 48.
• Sacrificial medicine, 14, 48.
• Saffron, 285.
• Sage, 286.
• Saint Vitus’s dance, 331.
• Saints as healers, 333.
• Sal-ammoniac, 487.
• Sala, 419.
• Salaries of court physicians, 164, 211.
• Salerno, school of, 308, 349.
• — in decay, 318.
• Saliva, magic properties of, 259.
• — superstitions of South Sea Islanders concerning, 17.
• Salivary glands first described, 236.
• Salt used as medicine by animals, 3.
• Salve against goblins and temptations, 278.
• Samoans, their theory of diseases, 21.
• Samoyed tribes, 86.
• Samulus, 270.
• Sanderson, J. B. (b. 1828), 480.
• Sanitary precautions in the East, 77.
• — reform, 357.
• — science, 477.
• Santals of Bengal think good spirits enter fruit trees, 14.
• Santorini, G. (1681-1737), 436.
• Saracens, medicine of the, 291.
• — their sympathy with Jews, 84.
• Sarpi, P. (1552-1623), 390.
• Sarsaparilla, 342, 375.
• Sassafras, 342, 374.
• Sauvages, De (1706-1767), 422, 424.
• Savages are like primitive man, 5.
• — require large doses, 37.
• — their theory of evil spirits, 20, 139.
• — their voracity, 38.
• — weak as compared with civilised man, 38.
• Sawan, the cause of convulsions, 14.
• Saws, 244.
• Saxon leechdoms, 252.
• Scammony, 275.
• Scapegoat of the Jews, 15.
• Scapulars of Catholics, 75.
• Scarabs, 250.
• Scarification practised by savages, 33.
• Scarpa, A. (1748-1832), 433.
• Schelling (1775-1854), 450.
• Schizomycetes, 473.
• Schmidt, J. A., 463.
• Schmucker (1712-1786), 433.
• Scholasticism, the parent of modern science, 239.
• Schools of medical theory, 418.
• Schroeder, 472.
• Schuk, F. (1804-1865), 462.
• Schulze, F., 472.
• Schwann, 472, 473.
• Science, age of, 441.
• Scientific medicine, 393.
• Scourges and plagues, incantations against, 15, 86.
• Scribonius Largus (A.D. 45), 214.
• Scripts as medicine, 260, 261.
• Scrofula, 183, 370.
• Scudamore, C. (1779-1849), 467.
• Scurvy, 374.
• — banished the fleets, 427.
• Scythian remedy for hunger, 197.
• Scythians, the, 203.
• Seamen, diseases of, 427.
• Seat of the soul, 196, 379.
• “Security” offered for sick persons in China, 127.
• Seer, the evolution of, 9.
• Seidlitz waters, 424.
• Selago, a sacred plant, 270.
• Selmi, 476.
• Semitic and Aryan intellects compared, 292.
• Semmelweis, L. J. P. (1818-1865), 479.
• Seneca on doctors, 224.
• Seneka, 342.
• Senna introduced, 296.
• Separation of medicine from surgery, 305.
• Septenary theory, 164.
• Septine, 480.
• Serapion of Alexandria (B.C. 270), 199, 201.
• Serapion the elder, 295.
• — the younger (about 1070), 296.
• Serapis, Egyptian god, 59, 60.
• Serpentaria, 342.
• Serpent on the rod of Æsculapius, 149.
• — the cause of diseases, 142.
• Servetus (1511-1553), 367, 385.
• Set, representative of physical evil amongst Egyptians, 58.
• Setons, 237, 316.
• Sex of bees, 391.
• Sexual organs of plants, 391.
• Shadows on souls, 9.
• Shaitan, the cause of disease, 138.
• Shamans of Northern Asia, 27, 86, 125, 139.
• Shampooing, 44.
• Sharp, S. (1700-1778), 433.
• Shastres, 100.
• Siam, its religion and theory of disease, 14.
• Siberians, 86.
• Sickness, remedies for, 34, 37.
• Siebold (1736-1807), 433.
• Sieveking, E. H. (b. 1816), 455.
• Signatures, doctrine of, 133, 257, 416, 417.
• Silk-worm disease, 473, 474.
• Silver, 488.
• Similia similibus theory, 234.
• Simon, 478, 479.
• Simpson, J. Y., 465.
• Sioux Indian medicine, 32.
• Siva afflicts Hindu children with epilepsy, 120.
• Skatological medicine, 394-397.
• Skeleton made by a Rabbi, 83.
• — of ivory, 114.
• Skin diseases, 455.
• Skoda, J. (1803-1881), 455.
• Slaves in Roman world, 239.
• Slavonic rustics exorcise spirits with urine, 30.
• Sleeping and dreams, 20, 22.
• Sloane, Hans (1660-1753), 425.
• Small-pox, 295, 297, 432.
• — in Timor-laut, 28.
• — caused by demons, 12, 129.
• — exorcised by urine, 30.
• — goddess, 12, 13, 119, 120, 128, 129.
• Smellie, W. (1608-1763), 435.
• Smith, S., 478.
• Snake-bite, treatment of, by savages, 33.
• — remedies for, 108.
• — wine, 131.
• Snellen, H., 463.
• Snipe, the, as a surgeon, 3.
• Society Islanders and disease-demons, 21.
• — their skill in surgery, 43.
• Socrates on invalidism, 185.
• Soda, 486.
• Sodium, 486.
• Softening of the brain, 456.
• Solomon composed incantations to cure diseases, 78.
• Soma as a drink and a deity, 47.
• Sonnenschein, 476.
• Soranus of Ephesus, 218.
• Sorcery in Accadia, 86.
• — in Australia, 12.
• — a cover for ignorance, 26.
• — laws against, 405.
• Soul, immortality of, 8.
• — origin of, 339.
• — the seat of, 196, 232, 379.
• Souls as shadows, 9.
• — theory of, 20-23.
• Spallanzani, 472.
• Spears spiritually poisoned, 23.
• Specialism of Egyptian medicine, 63.
• Speculum, the, 177.
• — anciently used, 219, 244.
• Speech, faculty of, its seat, 458.
• Spells, 90, 237.
• Spencer, Herbert (b. 1820), 452.
• — on plant-worship, 47.
• Spermatozoa discovered, 389.
• Spiders as amulets, 256.
• — as disease-demons, 30.
• Spigel (1578-1625), 364.
• Spinoza (1632-1677), 379.
• Spirits, belief in, universal, 20, 139.
• — of material objects, 24.
• — of weapons, 23.
• — their influence in healing, 33.
• — distilled, invented, 326.
• Spiritual spears, 23.
• Spleen, the, 389.
• — removed by the Rabbis, 83.
• Splenic fever, 474.
• Splints, 244.
• — use of, in the surgery of savages, 33, 41.
• Spontaneous generation theory, 472, 473.
• Sprengel, Kurt (1766-1833), 466.
• Springs, medicinal, 272.
• Spry, E., 428.
• Spurzheim, C. (1776-1832), 456.
• Squill as a diuretic, 222.
• Stahl (1660-1734), 421, 423.
• Stammering, treatment of, 235.
• Stark, W. (1742-1770), 429.
• State medical service in Rome, 210.
• Steam power, 337.
• Sterility, 242.
• Sternum trepanned, 316.
• Stethoscope, invention of, 453.
• Stieglitz (1767-1840), 446.
• Stolen property as a charm, 265.
• Stone, cutting for the, 44, 45, 393.
• Stones as charms, 257, 394.
• — healing by, 33.
• Storm gods of India, 9.
• Strictus et laxus, 214.
• Stromeyer, G. F. L. (1804-1876), 462.
• Strumous glands, 229, 235.
• Styptics, discovery of, 41.
• Subordination of surgery to medicine, 305.
• Sucking diseases out of patients, 22, 27, 28, 33.
• Sulphur, 273, 487.
• — as a disinfectant in the Odyssey, 154.
• — first used for skin diseases, 201.
• Suonetar, the healer, 15.
• Supernatural invoked when natural means fail, 26.
• Superstition, absence of, from the Psalms of David, 74.
• — origin of, 24.
• — originally engrafted on medicine, 26, 351, 403, 405.
• Superstitions, medical, 327.
• — their universality, 18.
• — in Chinese medicine, 132.
• Suppositories, 177.
• Surgeons to be propitiated, 103.
• Surgery, 228, 235.
• — French, 368, 433.
• — a scientific profession, 434.
• — savage, 40, 41.
• — of the Brahmans, 103.
• — of the Hindus, 114, 117, 118.
• — of Egyptians, 70.
• — older than medicine, 41, 104.
• — subordinated to medicine, 305.
• Surgical instruments of the Bible, 79.
• Susruta, 103, 289.
• Sutherland, 478.
• Sutras, commentaries on the Vedas, 100.
• Sutton, Thomas (d. 1835), 456.
• Svastika, the mystic, 134.
• Swaine, 474.
• Swammerdam, J. (1637-1686), 391.
• Sweating Sickness, 338, 356, 357, 360.
• Swieten, Van (1700-1772), 430, 437.
• Sydenham Society, 467.
• Sydenham, Thomas (1624-1689), 381, 383.
• Sylvanus, a demon of the lying-in chamber, 54.
• Sylvaticus, 327.
• Sylvius (De la Boë) (1614-1672), 380.
• Syme, J. (1799-1870), 460.
• Sympathetical cures, 397.
• Sympathetic nerve, 389.
• Syphilis, 340.
• — less frequent amongst Jews than Christians, 76.
• Systems of modern medicine, 445.
• T.
• Tablets on which were recorded cures in temples, 167.
• Tagliacozzi, G. (1546-1599), 367, 368.
• Tahiti people, their fermented liquor, 49.
• Tait, Lawson, 460.
• Taliacotian operation, 367.
• Talismans, 29, 32, 86, 247, 260.
• Talmud, surgery of, 82.
• — pathology of, 82.
• Talmudists, medicine of the, 82.
• Tamils of Ceylon, sorcery of the, 408.
• Tapeworm, treatment for, 228, 237.
• Tapping for dropsy, 245.
• Tarantism, 339.
• Tarawan folk, sorcery of, 22.
• Tarsus, bones of, 337.
• Tartars, their theory of fevers, 31.
• Tar water, 177.
• Tasmanians think diseases caused by devils, 13, 21.
• Tauut, Egyptian god same as Thoth, q.v., 58.
• Taylor, A. S. (1806-1880), 454.
• Tchutgours, Tartar disease-demons, 135, 136.
• Tea intoxication, 50.
• Teeth-worms, 414, 415.
• Telescopes, 389.
• Temples of Æsculapius, 149, 157, 168.
• Teraphim of Laban, 75.
• Teutons, medicine of the, 272.
• Thales of Miletus (circ. 609 B.C.), 158.
• Tharragarry, evil spirits of Australians, 24.
• Themison of Laodicea (B.C. 50), 213, 214.
• Theon of Alexandria, 226.
• Theophrastus (born 371 B.C.), the originator of the science of plants, 193.
• Theories of disease, 12, 86, 270.
• Theosophy, 337.
• Theosophists of Chaldæa, 90.
• Therapeutics, 392.
• — Galen on, 232.
• Therapeutists, or Healers, 82.
• Theriaca (a famous cure all), 218, 220, 221.
• Thermometry, clinical, 439, 455.
• Thessalus of Tralles (A.D. 60), 218.
• Theurgic healing, 66.
• Theurgy of Egypt, 61, 66.
• Thibet, physicians of, 134.
• Thibetans, their theory of disease, 16, 249.
• Thilenius, G. M., 435.
• Thimmool, a magical weapon, 24.
• Thompson, H. (b. 1820), 460.
• Thorbern, 391.
• Thor’s hammer, 134.
• Thoth, Egyptian god of letters and medicine, 58, 60, 65, 150.
• Thrax (A.D. 457-474), 236.
• Thrita, the first physician of Zoroastrians, 142.
• Thunder, prayer to, 9.
• Thymus gland, 361.
• Thyroid gland, functions of, 458.
• Tietajat, the learned men of Finland, 14.
• Timor-laut, fish poisoning in, 35.
• — prophylactic against small-pox in, 28.
• Timor tribes, their theories of disease, 31.
• Titans, discoverers of medicinal herbs, 85.
• Tla-guill-augh, a medicine man, 17.
• Toad and the plantain, 3.
• Tobacco, 369.
• — the “sacred herb” of Peru, 48.
• Toddy of the cocoa-nut palm, 49.
• Tomahawk, the spirit of, 23.
• Toogi-toogi, 43.
• Toothache, charm for, 286.
• “Toothache shrub,” 38.
• Totemism, 32.
• Touching for the evil, 371, 372.
• “Touching pieces,” 373.
• Tourniquet, the, 431, 432.
• Toynbee, 478.
• Toxicology, 105, 449, 454.
• Tracheotomy, 213, 228, 235, 244.
• Transference of disease, 414.
• Transfusion of blood, 350.
• Travers, B. (1783-1858), 459.
• Trepan, the, 244, 316.
• Trepanning the skull, 44, 45, 206, 285.
• Trephine, the, 244.
• Trephining the skull, 113, 184, 216.
• “Triacle,” 275.
• Triads, the Welsh, 280, 281.
• Tribal magic, 24.
• Trithemius (c. 1500), 346, 347.
• Troja (1747-1827), 433.
• Trotula (about 1059), 313.
• Trousseau, A. (1801-1866), 456.
• Tuberculosis, 429, 453, 454.
• Tude plant, a sacred shrub, 48.
• Tumours, malignant, 316.
• Turanian priests of magic, 138.
• Turkish bath, 43.
• Turner, D. (1667-1741), 431.
• Turpentine in hæmorrhage, 431.
• Tylor, Dr. E. B., on animism, 8, 10.
• — on primitive man, 6.
• Tyndall, J. (b. 1820), 472, 480.
• Typhus fever, 363.
• Tyson, E. (d. 1708), 438.
• U.
• Unburied men as vampires, 16.
• Uncleanness of women, 143, 144.
• Universal medicine, the, 100.
• Universities, rise of the, 300, 303.
• Upanishads, the, 97.
• Urea, 436.
• Urethra, operations on, by savages, 43, 77.
• Urethrotomy, 216, 228.
• Urine, use of, in medicine, 67, 396.
• — its use in exorcism, 30, 78.
• Uroscopy, 294, 323.
• Uterus, dissection of the, 219.
• Uvula, amputation of, 391.
• V.
• Vaccination, 439.
• Valingen, F. de (1725-1805), 428.
• Valsalva, A. (1666-1723), 436.
• Valves of the heart, 361.
• — of the veins, 364, 386.
• Vambery on opium-eating, 47.
• Vampires, 16.
• Vapour baths in dropsy introduced by Chrysippus, 195.
• Varicose veins, 183.
• Varolius, C. (1545-1575), 364.
• Vascular system understood by Diogenes of Apollonia, 160.
• Vaso-motor nerves, 436, 457.
• Vazimbas inflict diseases in Madagascar, 13.
• Vectius Vallens (circ. A.D. 37), 214.
• Vedas, the, 98, 99.
• Vedic hymns, 47, 97.
• Veins, anatomy of, 160.
• Velpeau, A. (1795-1867), 461.
• Vervain, 270.
• Vesalius, Andrew (1514-1564), 365, 366.
• Veterinary medicine of Hindus, 102, 117.
• — of the Mongols, 135.
• Vicary, Thomas (c. 1530), 358.
• Vicq d’Azyr, F. (1748-1794), 391.
• Vidus Vidius, 374.
• Vienna school, 431, 454, 455.
• Vieussens, R. (c. 1684), 389, 419.
• Vinario, 330.
• Virchow, R. (b. 1821), 455.
• Virgil, sorcery in, 405.
• Viridet, 419.
• Vision, discovery of the laws of, 337.
• Vis Medicatrix Naturæ, 176.
• Vital-fluid school, 419, 421.
• Vivisection of animals, 379, 483, 485.
• — in magic, 251, 254, 279, 286.
• — of human beings, 195, 197, 200, 218, 373, 374.
• Vocal organs, anatomy of, 364, 391.
• Volta, 450.
• Vomiting the devil, 30.
• Votive tablets in Greek temples, 157, 168.
• W.
• Wagner, 481.
• Wäinämöinen, conqueror of disease-demons, 15.
• Wallace, Alfred R. (b. 1822), 452.
• Walther, Von (1782-1849), 462.
• Wardrop, J. (1782-1869), 459.
• Wardroper, Mrs. (d. 1892), 467.
• Warts, superstitions concerning, 415, 416.
• Water of baptism, its magical properties, 272.
• Waters, mineral, 400.
• Watje, their theories of disease, 28.
• Watson, Thomas (1792-1882), 454.
• Watson, W. (1715-1787), 427.
• Wax-figures in sorcery, 66.
• “Weapon salve,” 398.
• Wells, poisoning of, 35.
• Wells, Spencer (b. 1818), 460.
• Welsh medicine, 280.
• West Indies, sorcery in, 22.
• Wharton, J. (died 1673), 389.
• Whewell on medical theories, 418-420.
• Whistler, D. (died 1684), 389.
• White, C. (c. 1768), 434.
• White magic, 66, 409.
• Whooping cough, 363.
• Wichmann, J. E. (1740-1802), 429.
• Wilks, S. (b. 1824), 455.
• Willan, R. (1757-1812), 427.
• Willis, Thomas (1621-1675), 391.
• Wilson, E. (1809-1884), 460.
• Wine, 150.
• Wingo, an Australian superstition, 17.
• Winslow, Forbes, 457.
• Winston, Thomas (b. 1575), 381.
• Wirsung, G. (died 1643), 391.
• Wiseman, Richard (1625-1686), 389.
• Witchcraft as cause of disease, 12, 16, 403, 405.
• — and medicine, 403.
• Wizards of Australia, 23.
• — of Patagonia, 21.
• Wizard-priests, 27, 29, 30.
• Woi-worŭng, an Australian tribe, 23.
• Women as poisoners, 324, 404.
• — diseases of, 219, 242, 243, 294, 313, 361, 429.
• — doctors, 271, 307, 313, 326.
• — forbidden by Athenians to practise medicine, 202.
• —, Jewish laws concerning, 77.
• Woolaston, W. H. (1766-1828), 449.
• Worm, Olaus, 394.
• Wormian bones, the, 364.
• Worms, remedies for, 36, 237.
• Worm-seed, 36.
• Worship of plants arose from their intoxicating influence, 47.
• Wotton, Edward, 360.
• Wren, Sir C. (1632-1723), 391.
• Wunderlich (1815-1877), 455.
• X.
• Xenocrates of Aphrodisias (c. 70 A.D.), 395.
• Xenophon of Cos (A.D. 53), 198.
• Xirac, a fermented liquor of the Rio Negro, 48.
• Y.
• Yambo, the spirit of man, 23.
• Yeast-plant, 452, 473.
• Yonge, J. (1646-1721), 431.
• Young, Thomas (1773-1829), 463.
• Yountoo charms, 27.
• Youths, savage, initiations of, 43.
• Z.
• Zacchia, P. (c. 1621), 376.
• Zamolxis, 164.
• Zedekiah, a Jewish physician, 84.
• Zend Avesta, 47, 141, 143.
• Zenon, 225.
• Zerbis, G., de, 337.
• Zinc, 350.
• Zoology, 391.
• Zoroaster, 141, 143.
• — and his teaching emanated from India, 99.
• Zuelza, 476.
• Zulus, their theory of diseases, 21, 22.
• — trace diseases to the rainbow and evil spirits, 13.
• Zwelfer, J. (c. 1651), 394.
• Zymotic diseases, 480.