The Philippine Islands

Table of Contents

• Contents.     11
• Illustrations.     15
• Introduction.     21
• Preface.     25
• Early History of the Islands.     29
  • Discovery and Conquest.     29
  • Adventures of Juan Sebastian Elcano.     31
  • Legaspi, the First Governor-General.     33
  • Li-ma-hong, the Chinese Pirate.     37
  • The Dutch Appear upon the Scene.     41
  • The Japanese, and the Martyred Saints.     44
• The British Occupation.     49
  • General Draper’s Expedition.     49
  • The British Demand an Indemnity.     51
  • Intrigues Against the British.     55
• The Spanish Colonial Government.     57
  • The Encomiendoros and the Alcaldes.     57
  • The Present Division and Administration.     60
  • The Taxes and What Became of Them.     62
  • Dilatory and Abortive Courts.     64
  • A New Yorker’s Experience.     66
• The Church in the Colony.     71
  • Priesthood and the People.     71
  • Conflicts Between Church and State.     73
  • Clashings among the Friars.     76
  • The Monks Opposed to Reform.     77
• The Various Tribes of the Philippines.     80
  • Character of the Natives.     80
  • A Native Wedding.     88
  • Dress and Manners.     91
  • The Half-breeds, or Mestizos.     93
  • Savage Tribes in the Interior: Aetas, or Negritos.     94
  • The Gaddanes.     98
  • The Igorrotes.     98
  • The Igorrote-Chinese.     100
  • The Tinguianes.     100
  • The Chinese: Hated but Indispensable.     101
• The Mohammedans of Sulu.     107
  • Cross or Crescent?     107
  • The Sultan’s State.     109
  • The Dreaded Juramentados.     111
  • The Extent of Mohammedan Rule.     113
  • Sulu Customs.     115
• Manila.     119
  • The Old City.     119
  • Binondo and the Suburbs.     120
  • Educational and Charitable Institutions.     125
  • The Cathedral and the Governor-General’s Palace.     129
  • The Beautiful Luneta: the Sea-boulevard.     136
• Other Important Cities and Towns.     138
  • Iloilo, Capital of the Province of Panay.     138
  • Cebú: a Mecca for Many Filipinos.     145
  • General Topography of the Islands.     145
• Natural Beauty of the Archipelago.     151
  • A Botanist’s Paradise.     151
  • A Diadem of Island Gems.     152
  • The Magnificence of Tropical Scenery.     153
  • The Promise of the Future.     156
• A Village Feast.     159
  • The Morning Ceremonies.     159
  • How the Afternoon is Spent.     165
  • The Evening Procession.     167
  • The Entertainment at Home.     169
  • The Moro-Moro, and the Fireworks.     171
• History of Commerce in the Philippines.     174
  • The Spanish Policy.     174
  • The Treasure-galleons.     176
  • Disasters to Spanish Commerce.     181
  • Other Nations Enter Into Competition.     183
  • Fraud and Speculation.     183
  • The Merchants of Cádiz.     185
  • Royal Restrictions on Trade.     185
• Commerce During the Present Century.     188
  • The Royal Company.     188
  • The Restrictions Are Gradually Abolished.     190
  • Vexatious Duties on Foreign Imports.     190
  • Duties Made Uniform.     192
  • Spanish Opposition to Foreign Trade.     192
  • Trade with the Natives.     193
  • The Decline of American Trade.     194
  • Recent Measures and Statistics.     194
  • Bad Result of Spanish Rule.     197
• Agriculture: The Sugar and Rice Crops.     199
  • Agriculture—The Chief Industry.     199
  • The Principal Products of the Colony.     201
  • The Cultivation of Sugar-cane.     203
  • Methods of Manufacturing Sugar.     205
  • The Several Systems of Labor.     207
  • The Rice Crop.     209
  • Methods of Rice-cultivation.     210
  • Primitive Machines, and Importance of the Rice Crop.     212
• The Hemp Plant and Its Uses.     214
  • Description of the Abacá.     214
  • The Process of Manufacture.     215
  • Some Facts about Hemp-growing.     216
  • Difficulties with Native Labor.     218
  • Tricks of the Natives.     221
  • Competition with Other Lands.     222
  • Experience of a Planter.     223
  • What the Hemp Is Used For.     224
• Culture and Use of Tobacco.     227
  • The Cultivation of Tobacco, a State Monopoly.     227
  • Oppressive Conditions in Luzon.     229
  • How Speculators Take Advantage of the Natives.     231
  • The Quality of Manila Tobacco.     231
  • Methods of Preparing the Tobacco Leaf.     232
  • Smoking, a Universal Habit.     235
• The Cultivation of Coffee.     237
  • The Origin of the Industry.     237
  • Indifference of Coffee-planters.     238
  • Speculation in Coffee.     238
  • Methods of Cultivation.     239
  • Harsh Methods of the Government.     241
• Betel Nut, Grain, and Fruit-Growing.     243
  • The Areca Palm and the Betel Nut.     243
  • The Nipa Palm and Nipa Wine.     245
  • Various Fruits of the Islands.     245
  • Cereals and Vegetables.     247
  • Cotton and Indigo-planting.     247
  • The Cocoa Industry.     248
  • The Traffic in Birds’ Nests.     249
• Useful Woods and Plants.     251
  • The Huge Forests.     251
  • The Bamboo Plant and its Uses.     252
  • The Bejuco Rope.     253
  • The Useful Cocoanut Palm.     255
  • Oppressive Regulations of the Government.     257
  • The Early Missionaries Beneficial to the Natives.     257
• Mineral Wealth of the Islands.     260
  • Early Search for Gold.     260
  • The Mining Laws and Methods of the Colony.     261
  • Where the Precious Metal is Found.     264
  • The Whole Country a Virgin Mine.     267
  • Precious Stones and Iron.     267
  • Peculiar Methods of Mining Copper.     269
  • Other Minerals and the Coal-fields.     271
• Animal Life in the Colony.     273
  • The Useful Buffalo, and Other Domestic Animals.     273
  • Reptiles, Bats, and Insects.     276
  • A Field for the Sportsman.     277
  • The Locust Scourge.     279
  • The Chief Nuisances: Mosquitoes and Ants.     280
• Struggle of the Filipinos for Liberty.     284
  • Early Insurrections Against the Spaniards.     284
  • The Burgos Revolt.     286
  • The Present Rebellion.     288
  • The Katipunan.     288
  • The Black Hole of Manila.     289
  • The Forbearance of the Natives.     291
  • The Rebel Army.     291
  • The Tagal Republic Proclaimed.     293
  • Treachery of the Spaniards.     294
  • Dr. José Rizal and His Wife, Josephine.     294
  • Execution of Rizal. The Philippine Joan of Arc.     296
  • Rizal’s Farewell Poem.     297
  • Aguinaldo Confers with Admiral Dewey.     298
  • Aguinaldo as Dictator: His Proclamations.     299
  • Triumphant Progress of the Rebels.     302
  • The Spaniards Fortify Manila.     303
  • Sketch of Aguinaldo.     304
• Dewey at Manila.     310
  • The White Squadron.     310
  • Declaration of War, and Journey to the Philippines.     311
  • Luzon Sighted, and Preparations for Battle.     312
  • The Fleet Sails by Corregidor.     313
  • First Shot of the War.     314
  • The Spanish Fleet is Sighted.     316
  • Dewey Attacks the Enemy.     317
  • The Fate of the Reina Cristina.     319
  • The Commodore Pipes All Hands to Breakfast.     321
  • The Americans Renew the Battle.     321
  • The Yankees Are Victorious.     323
• The American Occupation.     326
  • Merritt, and the Expedition.     326
  • The Battle of Malate.     329
  • Capture of Manila.     335
  • Capitulation of the Philippines.     339
  • Awaiting the Peace Commission.     341