The volume presents translations of medieval Arabic treatises arguing that study of philosophy and the sciences is compatible with and even required by sacred law, because careful inquiry into creation through reason leads to knowledge of the Creator. It defends philosophical methods as instruments for correct inference, urges learning from earlier authorities, and outlines how dialectic and demonstration should be applied to theological questions. A companion treatise analyzes methods of argument about doctrines, identifies interpretive errors and misleading innovations, and includes an appendix addressing the problem of eternal knowledge.