FOOTNOTES:
[1] Palfrey, Hist. of New England, vol. 1, p. 101.
[2] Perhaps this whole chapter of history is nowhere more graphically treated than in D’Aubigné’s Hist. of the Ref. in the Sixteenth Century. See also, Ranke’s Hist. of the Popes.
[3] Uhden, New England Theocracy, p. 15.
[4] Grote, Hist. of Greece.
[5] Preface to Warburton’s Divine Legation.
[6] Neale, Hist. of the Puritans. Collier’s Church Hist. Hallam, Const. Hist. of Eng.
[7] See “An Account of the Principles and Practices of Several Non-conformists, wherein it appears that their religion is no other than that which is professed in the Church of England,” etc. By Mr. John Corbet; London, 1682.
[8] Elliot, Hist. of New Eng., vol. 1, p. 43.
[9] Fuller, Church Hist. Strype, Life of Parker. Heylin, Life of Lord Clarendon.
[10] Palfrey, Hist. of New England, vol. 1, p. 113, note.
[11] Palfrey, Hist. of New England, vol. 1, p. 114.
[12] Hoyt, Antiquarian Researches.
[13] Fuller, Ch. Hist., vol. 3. Rymer’s Fœdera, vol. 16, p. 694.
[14] Goodrich, Ch. Hist.
[15] Neale, History of the Puritans, vol. 1. Rushworth, Clarendon, etc.
[16] Parliamentary History.
[17] Strype, Life of Whitgift. Bradshaw, English Puritanism, 1605.
[18] Calderwood, True Hist. of the Ch. of Scotland. Perry, Ch. Hist., vol. 1.
[19] Ibid.
[20] Fuller, Ch. Hist., vol. 3. Hume, Hist. of Eng., etc.
[21] Barlow’s Account of the Hampton Court Conference. A copy of it is in Harvard college library. Harrington, Nugæ Antiquæ.
[22] Palfrey, Hist. of New England, vol. 1, p. 131.
[23] Bradford, Hist. of the Plymouth Plantation, p. 9.
[24] Bancroft, Hist. United States, vol. 1, pp. 277, 278.
[25] Bradford, Hist. Plymouth Plantation.
[26] Ibid., Morton’s Memorial, Founders of New Plymouth, etc.
[27] Bradford, Hist. Plymouth Plantation, pp. 10, 11. See also Neal’s Hist. of New England, vol. 1, p. 76.
[28] Some authorities say 1602. Newell, for instance, p. 348, citing the British Quarterly Review. But so competent an authority as Bradford gives the date in the text. See also Young’s Chronicles, etc.
[29] Bradford, p. 12.
[30] Ibid. Young’s Chronicles of the Pilgrims.
[31] Bradford, p. 12.
[32] Stoughton, Spiritual Heroes, p. 72.
[33] British Quarterly Review, vol. 1, p. 15.
[34] Stoughton, Young, Bancroft.
[35] Young’s Chronicles, Stoughton, Bradford, etc.
[36] Stoughton.
[37] British Quarterly Review, vol. 1, p. 15.
[38] Stoughton, p. 74.
[39] Young, cited in Stoughton, p. 74.
[40] Young’s Chronicles, p. 29.
[41] The facts in the above description of Amsterdam are taken from Motley’s Rise of the Dutch Republic, from various accounts of travels in the Low Countries, and particularly from the very interesting and instructive “Tour” of W. Chambers. London, 1837.
[42] Bancroft, Hist. United States, vol. 1, p. 303.
[43] Ibid. Bradford, Young, Stoughton, etc.
[44] Bradford, Hist. Plymouth Plantation.
[45] Stoughton, p. 82. Young’s Chronicles.
[46] Morton’s Memorial, Prince, Bradford.
[47] Bradford, Cotton Mather, etc.
[48] Stoughton, p. 82.
[49] Bradford, Hist. Plymouth Plantation, p. 17.
[50] Golden Book of Marcus Aurelius; first printed in English in 1534. Debley’s Typog. Antiq., vol. 3, p. 289.
[51] Bradford, pp. 17, 18.
[52] Bradford, pp. 17, 18. Young, etc.
[53] Bradford, pp. 17, 18.
[54] Cotton Mather’s Magnalia, vol. 1, p. 47.
[55] Bradford, p. 18. Stoughton.
[56] Cited in Stoughton, p. 84.
[57] Robinson died at Leyden, March 1, 1625.
[58] For an interesting account of Ziska, or Zisca, the blind Hussite leader of the Bohemian insurgents, who was never defeated, see Mosheim’s Eccles. Hist., cent. XV., Hallam’s Hist. of the Middle Ages, vol. 1, p. 463, or the Encyclopædia Americana, article “Zisca.”
[59] Bradford, pp. 18, 19.
[60] Ibid., pp. 19, 20.
[61] The Walloons inhabited the southern Belgic provinces bordering on France. As they spoke the French language, “they were called Gallois, which was changed, in Low Dutch, into Waalsche, and in English into Walloon.” Many of them were Protestants, and being subject to relentless persecution by the Spanish government, they emigrated in great numbers into Holland, carrying with them a knowledge of the industrial arts. See Bradford’s Hist. Plym. Plantation, p. 20, note.
[62] Bradford, p. 20. Stoughton, Young, Ashton’s Life of Robinson.
[63] Stoughton, p. 85.
[64] Bradford, Young, Neal, Mather, etc.
[65] A collection of the Works of John Robinson was printed in London in 1851, with a memoir and annotations by Mr. Robert Ashton.
[66] Bradford, p. 21. Cotton Mather’s Magnalia, vol. 1, p. 47.
[67] Bradford, Mather, Stoughton.
[68] Ibid., Young, Ashton’s Life of Robinson.
[69] Robinson’s Apology for the Romanists.
[70] Uhden, New England Theocracy, p. 42. Robinson’s Works, etc.
[71] Uhden, p. 42.
[72] This “famous truce,” so long desired, embraced a period of twelve years. It was signed in April, 1609, and expired in 1621. Grattan, Hist. Netherlands.
[73] Bancroft, Hist. United States, vol. 1, p. 303.
[74] Bradford, Hist. Plymouth Plantation, pp. 22, 23.
[75] See Plutarch’s Life of Cato the Younger.
[76] Bradford.
[77] Proverbs 22:3.
[78] Bradford.
[79] Bradford, p. 24.
[80] Bradford, p. 24.
[81] For additional reasons, see Young, p. 385.
[82] Bancroft, Hist. United States, vol. 1, p. 303.
[83] Bradford, p. 24; Young’s Chronicles, etc.
[84] In allusion, probably, to the plantation project at Sagadahoc, in 1607. See Bancroft and others.
[85] This debate is copied from Bradford, pp. 25-27.
[86] Bradford, Young, Elliot, Bancroft, etc.
[87] Wilson’s Pilgrim Fathers, p. 341.
[88] Bancroft, vol. 1, p. 204.
[89] Ibid.
[90] Ibid., Bradford, Young.
[91] Wilson’s Pilgrim Fathers, p. 356.
[92] Ibid., Bradford, Bancroft.
[93] Bradford, p. 29.
[94] Ibid.
[95] Bancroft, vol. 1, p. 304.
[96] Bradford, p. 28.
[97] Bradford, p. 28.
[98] For some account of Sir Edwin Sandys, one of the most prominent members of the Virginia company, see Hood’s Athenæ Oxon., vol. 2, p. 472.
[99] This letter, as also that of Sandys which occasioned it, may be found in extenso in Bradford, pp. 30, 31, 32, 33.
[100] Bradford, p. 29.
[101] Bancroft, p. 305.
[102] Bancroft.
[103] Bradford.
[104] Ibid. “Being taken in the name of one who failed to accompany the expedition, the patent was never of the least service.” Bancroft, vol. 1, p. 303.
[105] Bancroft, pp. 305, 306. The title of the company thus formed was “The Merchant Adventurers.” See Elliot, vol. 1, p. 49.
[106] Bradford. Winslow in Young’s Chronicles.
[107] Ibid.
[108] Bradford. Winslow in Young’s Chronicles.
[109] Bradford, p. 42.
[110] Bancroft.
[111] Ezra 8:21. This is the version in Bradford’s Narrative.
[112] Stoughton, Spiritual Heroes—The Pilgrim Fathers.
[113] Neale; Winslow in Young; Belknap, Stoughton, etc.
[114] Stoughton, p. 97.
[115] The first separatists were so called after Robert Brown, who, in the latter part of the sixteenth century, propounded a system of church government which contained many of the features of modern Congregationalism. Brown was born in 1549, and was a relative of Elizabeth’s lord-treasurer, the famous Burleigh. In 1582 he published his book, “The Life and Manners of True Christians,” and suffered persecution therefor. Eventually, after a roving life, he conformed to the church of England, and was made rector in Northamptonshire. Shortly after, he died very miserably in a jail. Strype’s Annals, vol. 2. Collier’s Eccl. Hist., part 2, book 7.
[116] Winslow’s account of Robinson’s Sermon.
[117] Wilson’s Pilgrim Fathers. Bradford, Belknap.
[118] Elliot, Hist. of New England, vol. 1. Palfrey, etc.
[119] Ibid., Bradford, Young.
[120] Winslow in Young’s Chronicles.
[121] Stoughton.
[122] Ibid., p. 100.
[123] Young’s Chronicles. Bradford.
[124] Bradford.
[125] Bradford, pp. 69, 70.
[126] Dated Dartmouth, August 17, 1620. Cushman remained in England. Elliot, vol. 1, p. 57.
[127] Bancroft.
[128] Virgil’s Æneid, book 1.
[129] Elliot, Hist. New England, vol. 1, pp. 58, 59.
[130] See this whole letter in Bradford, pp. 64-67.
[131] Bradford, Young, etc.
[132] Bancroft, vol. 1, p. 310. This compact was signed Nov. 11, 1620.
[133] Ibid., p. 309.
[134] “Some have charged that the Dutch bribed the captain to deceive the Pilgrims. Bradford does not mention it, and the Dutch historians deny it.” Elliot, vol. 1, p. 59.
[135] Uhden, Wilson, Smith’s Narrative, etc.
[136] Bradford, Elliot, Bancroft.
[137] Longfellow’s Courtship of Miles Standish.
[138] Journal of the Pilgrims.
[139] Ibid.
[140] Journal of the Pilgrims.
[141] Ibid.
[142] Elliot, vol. 1, p. 61.
[143] Bancroft.
[144] Bradford, Winslow.
[145] Ibid. Young, Elliot, Bancroft.
[146] Elliot, vol. 1, pp. 62, 63.
[147] Ibid. Bradford, Young.
[148] Bancroft, vol. 1, p. 312.
[149] According to the new style of reckoning time, it was the 22d of December, now kept as “Forefathers’ Day.”
[150] Bradford, Winslow.
[151] Ibid., Elliot, Bancroft.
[152] Fort Hill, now Burial Hill.
[153] Elliot, vol. 1, p. 66.
[154] Now called Leyden-street.
[155] Elliot, Bradford, Young’s Chronicles.
[156] Journal of the Pilgrims.
[157] Ibid., Bancroft.
[158] One of these was Clarke’s Island; the other was probably Saquish Peninsula.
[159] Young’s Chronicles. Journal of the Pilgrims.
[160] Cotton Mather, Magnalia, vol. 1, p. 51.
[161] Ibid., Elliot, Felt.
[162] Elliot, p. 67.
[163] Ibid. Journal of the Pilgrims. Young, Bradford.
[164] Longfellow’s Miles Standish, p. 11.
[165] Bancroft, vol. 1, p. 310.
[166] Bancroft, vol. 1, p. 308.
[168] Bancroft, Banvard, Elliot, Felt.
[169] Journal of the Pilgrims.
[170] Young’s Chron. of the Pilg’s. Pilgrims’ Jour.
[171] Ibid.
[172] Bradford, Young, Pilgrims’ Journal.
[173] Ibid.
[174] Bradford, Young.
[175] Ibid. Pilgrims’ Journal.
[176] Ibid.
[177] Pilgrims’ Journal.
[178] Elliot, vol. 1, p. 71.
[179] Pilgrims’ Journal.
[180] Bradford, Young.
[181] Ibid. Banvard.
[182] Bancroft, Elliot, Banvard.
[183] Bradford, Pilgrims’ Journal.
“On the 22d of March, the first interview took place between the Pilgrims and the Indians, with their great chief Massasoit, Squanto acting as interpreter. This was conducted becomingly on both sides, and according to the manner of the time. After Gov. Carver had drunk some ‘strong water’—rum—to the sachem, Massasoit ‘drunk a great draught that made him sweat all the while after.’ The result of the conference was an alliance, offensive and defensive, between the governor and the chief, applauded by the followers of both, and Massasoit was received as an ally of the dread King James.” Elliot, vol. 1, p. 72.
[184] Young’s Chronicles, Pilgrims’ Journal.
[185] Bancroft, p. 317.