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The pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria

Chapter 31: 26. A Vessel from which Wine flows in proportion as Water is poured into another.
By of Alexandria Hero
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About This Book

A systematic practical handbook of machines and demonstrations that uses air, steam, heat, and water to produce mechanical effects. The text gives clear descriptions, construction details, and diagrams for siphons, valves, pumps, fountains, jets, self‑acting mechanisms, and ritual or theatrical contrivances driven by pressure and temperature changes. Explanations focus on the mechanical principles behind pneumatic and hydraulic behaviors and on ways to control flow and timing, with numbered propositions that pair instructional steps with illustrative figures for building and operating each apparatus.

26. A Vessel from which Wine flows in proportion as Water is poured into another.

If it is required that the wine shall flow in a certain ratio to the water we pour into the vessel, we must proceed as follows. As before let A B (fig. 26) be the vessel containing water, and G H that which contains wine, but let the tube E F be outside the vessel A B. In A B let a ball, D, float, from which a cord, passing over a pulley, S, is attached to the tube E F so as to suspend it; and let all else correspond with what was stated in the last paragraph. The result will be that, when water is poured into the vessel A B, the ball D rising will lower the tube E F, and the wine will flow again. This may be effected in a different manner by attaching the cord from the ball D, across the pulley S to another pulley, T and across that again to the siphon K L. It will be found now that, when the ball rises, the siphon K L M, being suspended by the cord, is lowered, so that, the outer leg having again become the longer, the wine will flow through the mouth M.