The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies

INDEX

• Abelard, 273
• Abraham, use of soured milk, 171
• Ackermann, Mde., 237
• Actinosphærium, degeneration in, 14
• Adanson, on age of Baobab-tree, 98
• Adrenaline, effect of, 121
• Agave, duration of life of, 100
• Aged, treatment of in uncivilised countries, 1, 2
• Alcohol and longevity, 91, 92
• Algeria, ostriches at, 76, 78, 79
• Altruism, 331
• Ambard, Dr., on Mde. Robineau, 7
• Anæmia, of brain, and sleep, 122
  • use of serums in, 149
• André, M., use of serums in anæmia, 149
• Anger, 321
• Annandale, Nelson, on age of anemones, 48
• Annuals, change to biennials or perennials, 100
  • death of, 102
• Antelopes, excreta of, 66
• Anthropoids, mental characters of, 191 et seq.
• Antiseptics, use of, in intestinal putrefaction, 156
• Ants, 220, 221
• Apes, anthropoid, mental characters of, 191 et seq.
  • relationship to man, 184, 185
• Arabs, use of milk by, 174
• Aristotle, 132
• Arteries, sclerosis of, in the aged, 31
• Ascidians, social, 219
• Ashworth, Mr., on age of anemones, 48
• Atheroma, in the aged, 30
• Atrophy, of cells, 26
  • of muscles, 28
• Auditory apparatus, rudimentary organism, 188
• Augsburg, elixir of life, 138
• Auto-intoxication, from intestinal putrefaction, 69
  • in plants, 107
  • sleep, due to, 120
    
    
• Babinsky, Dr., hysteria a relic from apes, 209
• Balkan States, centenarians frequent in, 90
• Baobab-tree, age of, 98
• Barth, Dr., definition of somnambulism, 206
• Batrachia, longevity of, 50
• Bats, intestinal flora of, 80, 81
• Bees, 49, 220, 226
• Beetroot, perennial variety of, 100
• Belgium, old age pensions, 4
• Bélonovsky, M., on serums in anæmia, 148
• Bélonowsky, Dr., on Bulgarian bacillus, 170
• Berthelot, on dragon-tree of Orotava, 96
• Bertrand, M. G., on sorbose fermentation, 106
• Bertrand and Weisweiler, on Bacillus bulgaris, 179
• Besredka, M., on blood serums, 148, 149
• Bielschowsky, biographer of Goethe, 269
• Blanchard, E., on age of carp, 50
• Birds, intestinal flora of, 76, 79
  • longevity of, 52
• Blindness, 248, 257
• Bloch, Dr. I., on Schopenhauer, 247
  
  Blood-vessels, hardening of, in the old, 31
• Bodio, on infant mortality, 85
• Boerhave, on gerokomy, 136
• Bones, degeneration of, 29, 30
• Bordet, M. J. M., on serums, 148
• Botulism, poison of, 70, 82
• Bouchard, M., on disinfection of intestines, 156
• Bouchet, M., on constipation after parturition, 68
• Bourneville, M., on effects of extirpation of thyroid, 34
• Boveri, M., produced atherana by nicotine, 32
• Bone, marrow, in old age, 37
• Botryllus, 219
• Boutroux, definition of morality, 303
• Bradyfagy, 159
• Brain, anæmia of, as cause of sleep, 122
• Brehm, on age of cattle, 55
• Brettes, criticism of “rudimentary organs,” 186
• Bricon, M., on effects of extirpation of thyroid, 34
• Brigand, Calabrian, fear of death, 194, 195
• Brillat-Savarin, quotation from, 126
• Brown-Séquard, specific for long life, 139, 277
• Brudzinsky, M., on use of lactic microbes, 181
• Buddha, on pessimism, 233, 247
• Buehler, Dr., on cause of old age, 16
• Buffon, on duration of life, 40, 50
• Bulgarian bacillus, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182
• Bunge, on relation between growth and longevity, 42
• Burbank, American horticulturist, 326, 328
• Butterflies, longevity of, 57
• Bütschli, O., on life of cells, 15
• Byron, 239, 247, 295
  
  
• Cachexia, after extirpation of thyroid gland, 34
• Caeca, of vertebrates, 60 et seq.
• Cagliostro, elixir of life, 138
• Calomel, as an intestinal antiseptic, 158
  • and syphilis, 146
• Camphor, as an intestinal antiseptic, 156
• Canary Islands, 96
• Cancalon, Dr., on instinct of death, 128, 129
• Cancer, and cleanliness, 144
• Candolle, A. de, on cypresses of Mexico, 98
  • on age of trees, 99
• Cantacuzène, M., on blood serums, 148
• Capital punishment, 305
• Carlyle, on “Werther,” 265
• Castration, effects of, 272
• Cats, longevity of, 56
• Cattle, longevity of, 55
• Celibacy, and education of women, 224
• Cell reproduction, rate of, 16
• Centenarians, 4, 5, 86, 88, 89, 175, 176
• Charcot, on sterilised food, 162, 163
  • on hysteria, 202
• Charron, M., on putrefactive poisons, 69
• Chemin, M., on centenarians, 88, 89
• Chimpanzee, 185, 192, 193
• China, Emperor Chi-Hoang-Ti and immortality, 137
• Chopin, a degenerate, 134
• Christian morality, 321, 330
• Chromophags, action of, 25
• Claparède, E., on theory of sleep, 123, 124, 125
• Cleanliness, and increase of life, 144
• Clergymen, increasing duration of life of, 142
• Coffee and longevity, 92
• Cohausen, on gerokomy, 137
• Cohendy, Dr. M., on Bulgarian bacillus, 178
  • on intestinal flora, 78, 79
  • on intestinal putrefaction, 168
  • on thymol as a disinfectant, 157
• Collectivism, 228
• Colon, absorption in, 64
• Constipation, evil results of, 67, 68, 69
• Cooking, effect of, on microbes in food, 162
• Copenhagen, suicide in, 3
• Coral polyps, 216
• Cornaro, 91
• Cossacks, and biennial rye, 100
• Cretinism, compared with senility, 32
• Crœsus, 197
• Cryptogams, life of, 99
• Cursorial birds, intestinal flora of, 76
• Cypress, age of, 98
• Czerny, M., on absorption in colon, 64
  • on cancer, 144
    
    
• D’Alton, and Goethe, 280
• Dalyell, old anemone of, 48
• Dana, on monstrilla, 115
• Darwin, on fear, 195
• David, King, 136
• Death, instinct of, 128, 129
  • natural, 94, 109, 119
  • sensations at approach of, 126, 127, 130
• Debreuil, Ch., on defecation in rheas, 76
  • on excreta of antelopes, 66
• Degenerates, famous, 134
• Delage, Yves, criticism of instinct of death, 128
  • on function of large intestines, 65, 66
• Demange, M., on old age, 119
• Denmark, suicide in, 3, 237
• Descent of man, 184
• Despotism, and socialism, 230
• de Vries, H., on duration of life of plants, 104
  • on prolongation of life of plants, 100
  • on natural death in plants, 101
• Diet and longevity, 46
• Digestive system and senility, 59
• Diplogaster, mother killed by larvæ, 111
• Diphtheria, 323
• Disease, and shortening of life, 145 et seq.
• Doctors, lady, 225
• Dodo, 213
• Dogs, longevity of, 55
• Dostoiewsky, quotation from, 2
• Doyen, M., operation on double monsters, 216
• Dragon-tree, of Orotava, 96, 97, 98
• Drakenberg, age of, 87
• Drunkenness, and morality, 317
• Dryopithecus, 334
• Ducks, old, 11
• Duering, on pessimism, 248
• Durand-Fardel, M., on atheroma, 30
• Duration of life, in animals, 39 et seq., 133
  
  
• Eagles, intestinal flora of, 82
• Ecclesiastes, quotation from, 233
• Eckermann, narrative of Goethe’s last years, 271, 274, 279
• Egoism, 227, 306, 331
• Egyptian milk, 105
• Eimer, Th., on intestines of bats &c., 62, 63
• Einhorn, Dr., on bradyfagy, 159
• Elective Affinities, Goethe’s, 273
• Elephants, 9, 54, 83, 197
• Eliot, George, 322
• Elixir vitæ, 138
• Ellenberger, on digestion in horse, 78
• Enriquez, on infusoria, 13
• Ephemeridæ, duration of life of, 113, 118
• Epicureans, 309
• Epiphyses of bones, as giving period of growth, 40
• Ermenghem, van, on botulism, 70
• Errera, Dr., on cause of sleep, 121
• Eudoxia, 218
• Ewald, on absorption in colon, 64
• Exhaustion, as cause of plant death, 104, 107
• Extinction of animals, 213
• Eye, in old age, 36
  
  
• Fatigue, Weichardt on cause of, 123
• “Faust” and Goethe, 283 et seq.
• Favorsky, Dr., on botulism, 82
• Fear, analysis of, 194
• Fecundity and duration of life, 43, 44, 45, 57, 58
• Feinkind, case of somnambulism quoted from, 204
• Femininist movement, 224
• Fermentation, cause of, 105
• Fertility and longevity, 44, 45
• Fish, longevity of, 50
• Flamans, M., 5
• Fletcher, on chewing, 159
• Flora, of intestines, poisonous effect of, 70, 73 et seq., 151 et seq.
• Flourens, on duration of life, 40, 84
• Foà, on use of soured milk in Africa, 172
• Food, evil effects of putrefaction in, 163
• Fouard, M., on soured milk, 180
• Fürbbinger, on Brown-Séquard’s emulsions, 139
• Gautier, A., on leucomaines, 121
• Gegenbaur, on intestinal tract, 60, 61
• Genius and sexual power, 272
• Gerokomy, 136
• Gessner, on age of pike, 50
• Gestation and longevity, 42
• Giacomini, on Harderian gland, 189
• Gibbons, 192, 198
• Goebel, on duration of life of prothalli, 101, 102
• Goethe, 260-300, 305
• “Goose-skin,” 196
• Gorilla, strength of, 192
• Griesbach, on sense of touch in blind, 257
• Grigoroff, on Bulgarian yahourth, 175, 178
• Grindon, on age of sheep, 55
• Guinon, Dr., on a case of hysteria, 203
• Gurney, J. H., on longevity of birds, 51, 79
  
  
• Haeckel, on medical selection, 134
• Haffkine, M., 112
• Hair, 17, 18
• Halictus, a solitary bee, 226
• Haller, on human longevity, 84, 132
• Hamlet, quotation from, 239
• Hannibal, his elephants swim the Rhone, 197
• Harderian gland, 189
• Hartmann, 235, 241
• Harvey, on Parr, 87
• Hayem, Prof., on use of lactic acid, 169, 173
• Heart, diseases of, and syphilis, 145, 146
• Hegesias, and suicide, 234
• Heile, on absorption in colon, 64
• Heim, on microbes in milk, 176
• Heim, Prof., on Alpine accidents, 130
• Heine, 236, 240
• Hermippus, and gerokomy, 137
• Herter, Dr., experiments on lactic acid in dogs, 167
• Hertwig, R., on Actinosphærium, 14
• Hildebrand, on duration of life of plants, 101, 102
• Hippocrates, 132
• Hofmeister, on digestion in horse, 74
• Honey-ant, 222
• Horse, cæcum, 62
  • digestion, 74
  • use of serum, 147
• Horsley, Sir V., on effects of extirpation of thyroid, 34
• Horst, on a somnambulistic soldier, 203
• Hufeland, quotation from “Macrobiotique,” 137
• Hugo, V., and sexuality, 277
• Humboldt, on dragon-tree of Orotava, 96
  • on longevity of parrots, 52
• Hunger, compared with sleep, 125
• Huxley, on character of Orang, 193
• Hygiene, and old age, 141, 142, 143
• Hypnotism, of a crowd on individuals, 210
• Hysteria, analysis of, 200 et seq.
  • in monkeys, 208
    
    
• Ibsen, and sexuality, 277
• Idleness, 316
• Immortality, Chinese beverage for, 137, 138
• Incubation, duration of, compared with longevity, 41, 42
• India, government of, and age of elephants, 54
• Individualism, 316
• Individuality, 212 et seq.
• Infusoria, death of, 95
  • senescence of, 13
• Insects, ages of, 49
  • social, 220 et seq.
• Instinct, of death, 128, 129
  • maternal, 319, 320, 329
  • social, 306
• Intestine, large, 59, 65, 67, 151
• Intuitive theory of morality, 305
  
  
• Jacobson, organ of, 187
• Javal, Dr., on characters of the blind, 257, 259
• Jenner, effect of vaccination on mortality rate, 144
• Josué, M., artificial production of atheroma, 32
• Jousset, Dr., on difference between man and apes, 184
  
  
• Kant, 309, 310
• Kautsky, on socialism, 229, 230
• Kentigern, age of, 87
• Kephir, 171, 172, 173
• Khoury, M., on ferment of Egyptian milk, 105
• Kocher, Dr., on effects of extirpation of thyroid gland, 33
• Kocher, Prof., case of removal of large intestine, 152, 153
• Kölliker, on degeneration of muscles, 27
• Koppenfels, on character of gorilla, 194
• Koumiss, 172
• Kowalevsky, Sophie, 225
• Kowalevsky, analysis of pessimism, 241, 255
• Kukula, experiments on intestinal poisons, 69, 70
• Kwass, 166
  
  
• Lactic bacilli, and putrefaction in intestine, 168
• Laignel-Lavastine, M., criticism of neuronophagy, 20
• Lankester, Sir E. Ray, on longevity, 12, 56
• Lao-Tsé, and immortality, 137
• Laud, Archbishop, old tortoise of, 51
• Lautschenberger, on absorption in colon, 64
• Lavater, Goethe’s letter to, 268
• Laws aiding the aged, 3, 4
• “Leben,” Egyptian, 105, 171, 177, 178
• Le Bon, G., on hysteria in crowds, 209
• Lenau, M., 236
• Lenthéric, on elephants swimming, 197
• Leopardi, G., pessimistic poet, 235, 236, 247
• Le Play, M., on putrefactive poisons, 69
• Léri, M., on senile brain, 20
• Lermontoff, 236
• Leucomaines, as cause of sleep, 121
• Levaillant, on longevity of parrots, 52
• Lewes, G. H., on Goethe, 273, 290, 292, 298
• Lexis, on duration of human life, 85
• Life, duration of, in animals, 39 et seq.
• Life, prolongation of human, 132, et seq.
  • “sense” of, 260
• Lima, Dr., on use of soured milk in Africa, 172, 174
• Lloyd, M., old anemone of, 47
• Loewenberg, Dr., on Mde. Robineau, 7
• London Zoological Gardens, 51, 81
• Longevity, in animal kingdom, 47 et seq.
  • human, 84 et seq.
  • rules for, 141
  • in sexes, 44
  • theories of, 39
• Lorand, Dr., on ductless glands, 32
• Love, Goethe and, 272
• Luxury, 321
  
  
• Macfadyen, Nencki and Mde. Sieber, on digestion, 153, 161
• Macrophags, 25, 147
• Mailaender, 235, 255
• Malaquin, M., on Monstrilla, 116, 117
• Male rotifers, death of, 114, 115
• Malthus, theory of, 214
• Mammals, longevity of, 53
• Mammary glands, in males, 186
• Man, compared with apes, 184, 185
  • natural death of, 119 et seq.
  • longevity of, 84 et seq.
• Manouélian, M., on neuronophagy, 21, 22
• Marinesco, M., on neuronophogs, 19
• Marrow of the bones, in old age, 37
• Marsiliaceæ, duration of life of prothallus, 99
• Martin, on Gibbons, 192
• Massart, on cause of death in plants, 102, 109
• Massol, Prof., 178
• Mastication, and intestinal putrefaction, 160
• Matchinsky, M., on atrophy of ovary, 26
• Maternal instinct, 319, 320
• Mauclaire, M., operations on large intestine, 153, 154, 155
• Maumus, M., on digestion in cæca, 61
• Mauritius, giant tortoise from, 12
• Maupas, M., on infusoria, 13
• Maya, 178
• Mayers, on Chinese elixir, 138
• Meconium, appearance of microbes in, 161
• Medical selection, 134
• Mesnet and Mottet, Drs., cases of hysteria, 203
• Mice, duration of life, 41, 43, 56
• Michaelis, on muscles of monkeys, 185
• Microbes, as cause of senility, 73
  • in food, 162, 163
  • passage through intestinal walls, 71
• Middlemarch, G. Eliot’s, 322
• Milk, importance of boiling, 177, 178
  • microbes of disease in, 177
  • putrefaction and fermentation of, 167
  • use of soured milk, 181, 182
• Mill, J. S., 323
• Milne-Edwards, H., on laws of duration of life, 42
• Minot, Prof., on cause of old age, 16
• Moa, 213
• Moebius, on Goethe, 271
  • on Schopenhauer, 255
• Molluscs, ages of, 48
• Mongols, hair in old, 17
• Monkeys, longevity of, 83
• Monsters, double, 216
• Monstrilla, life-history of, 115, 116, 117
• Montefiore, Sir M., 91
• Morality, Christian, 321
  • definitions of, 303
  • Kantian, 309, 310, 311, 312
  • science and, 301 et seq.
• Mortality rates of old persons, 142, 143
• Moses, use of soured milk, 171
• Mosso, on fear, 194, 196
• Muscles, degeneration of, 9, 26, 27
• Myxomycetes, 215
  
  
• Naegeli, on age of trees, 99
• Nails, growth of, in the old, 18
• Naphthaline, as an intestinal antiseptic, 156
• Nature, human, 325
• Nausenne, Mde., cause of longevity, 141
• Negroes, longevity of, 88
• Neisser, Prof., on protection against syphilis, 146
• Nematodes, death of, 111
• Nemertines, life-history of Pilidium of, 109 et seq.
• Nencki and Sieber, on digestion, 153, 161, 169
• Neuronophags, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
• Nicotine, use of in experimental production of atheroma, 32
• Nietzsche, criticism of Socialism, 230
• Nogueira, M., on use of soured milk in Africa, 172, 174
  
  
• Obstacles, sense of, 258
• Old age, Goethe and, 279 et seq.
• Olympian, Goethe as an, 269
• Optimism, foundation of, 256
  • Goethe’s transformation to, 269, 270 et seq.
• Orang-outan, 185, 193
• Orotava, dragon-tree of, 96
• Orstein, Dr., on centenarians in Greece, 90
• Orthobiosis, 212, 325 et seq.
• Ossetes, use of soured milk, 173
• Osteoclasts, 30
• Ostrich, defecation of, 76
• Oustalet, M., on longevity of vertebrates, 46
• Ovary, atrophy of, 26
• Owls, intestinal flora of, 83
• Ownership, collective, 229, 230
  
  
• Parodi, on old age, 332
• Parr, Thomas, 87
• Parrots, duration of life, 41
  • scanty intestinal flora of, 79
• Pasquier, Dr. du, on constipation, 67
• Pasteur, discovery of lactic microbe, 105, 167
• Paulsen, criticism of Kant, 314
• Pensions, old age, 3, 4, 133
• Pessimism, 129, 233, 234, 239, 241, 249, 266
• Pessimist, study of life-history of a, 249 et seq.
• Pflüger, on longevity, 93
• Phagocytes, 18, 19
• Phagocytosis, examples of, 25, 37
• Phalansteries, 229
• Pilidium, 109 et seq.
• Pitres, M., hysteric patients of, 200
• Plague, 323
• Plants, death of, 99, 103
• Plasmodia, of Myxomycetes, 215, 216
• Pleurotrocha haffkini, 112, 113
• Pochon, Dr., experiments on use of lactic bacilli, 169
• Poehl, Dr., on spermine, 139, 140
• Pohl, Dr., on growth of hair, 17, 18
• Ponogenes, as cause of sleep, 120
• Potatoes, improved by Burbank, 326
• Poushkin, 236
• Predestination, and plants, 103
• Preyer, Dr., on Ponogenes, 120
• Prichard, on longevity of negroes, 88
• Productivity compared with fecundity, 57, 58
• Prostokwacha, 172, 176
• Prolongation of life, 132 et seq.
• Prothalli, life of, 99
• Psychids, death of, 117
• Ptolemy, fear of Hegesias’ philosophy, 235
• Punishment, capital, 305
• Purgatives, use of, in intestinal putrefaction, 157
• Putrefaction, intestinal, 151 et seq., 161, 163, 164
  
  
• Quételet, on stature of the aged, 9
  
  
• Rabbit, fecundity of, 58
• Ravens, absence of putrefaction in intestines of, 75
• Reagents, action of, in distorting tissues, 20
• Renouvier, C., on his own death, 127
• Reproduction, organs of, rudiments in, 189
• Reptiles, longevity of, 50
• Rhea, cæca of, 60, 77
• Rhinoceros, longevity of, 54
• Rhytina, 213
• Riley, James, on food of Arabs, 174
• Rimpau, on cultivation of rye, 326, 328
• Rist and Khoury, on milk, 178
• Rist, M., on ferment of Egyptian milk, 105
• Rivière, M., on defecation in ostriches, 76, 78, 79
• Robineau, Mde., 5, 6, 7, 8, 128, 159
• “Roman Elegies,” Goethe’s, 268, 273
• Rotifera, duration of life, 39
  • death of, 112
• Roux, anti-syphilitic ointment, 146
• Rovighi, on Kephir, 173
• Rudimentary organs, 185 et seq.
• Rye, duration of life of, 100
  • Rimpau’s improvement of, 326
    
    
• Salpétrière, hysterical patients at, 201
  • old women in the, 4, 5
• Sand, M., on senile brain, 20
• Sargent, on age of Sequoia, 98
• Sauer-kraut, 165, 171
• Sauvage, M., on atheroma, 30
• Savage, on character of anthropoids, 193
• Saxe-Weimar, Grand Duke of, and Goethe, 274
• Schaudinn, spirillum of syphilis, 31
• Schiller, Goethe on, 271
• Schiller, on moral conduct, 310
• Schlanstedt, rye of, 326
• Schmidt, on microbes in constipation, 70
• Schopenhauer, 235, 247, 255, 277, 330
• Schumann, a degenerate, 134
• Science, and morality, 301 et seq.
• Sclerosis, in the aged, 31
• Sea-anemones, longevity of, 47, 48
• Sea-cow, 213
• Selection, medical, 134
• Seneca, 132, 235
• Senescence, Brown-Séquard’s specific against, 139
  • mechanism of, 25
  • phagocytosis as cause of, 35
• Senility, characters of, 8, 14
  • and digestive system, 59
  • theories of causation of, 15 et seq.
• Sensation, analysis of, with regard to pain and pleasure, 243
• Sense of life, 26
  • of obstacles, 258
• Sense, organs of, rudimentary structures in, 186, 187
• “Sermon on the Mount,” 321
• Serums, cytotoxic, 147, 148, 149
• Servants, care of, 321
• Sex, and longevity, 57
• Sexuality, Goethe and, 273 et seq.
  • and old age, 276
  • moral problems of, 305
• Sexual organs, abnormalities of, 224
• Sexual power and genius, 272
• Shakespeare, quotations, 239, 307
• Sheep, digestion of, 74
  • longevity, 55
• Sight, rudimentary organs of, 189
• Silos, 165
• Siphonophora, 217
• Skeleton, atrophy of, in the aged, 29
• Sleep, and anæmia of brain, 122
  • and auto-intoxication, 120
  • and death compared, 125
• Sleepiness, compared with hunger, 125
• Sleeping-sickness, 124
• Small-pox, and mortality rates, 144
• Smell, analysis of, 243
• Smell, rudimentary organs of sense of, 187
• Smoking and longevity, 93
• Social animals, 214, 220 et seq.
• Socialism, 228, 229
• Society v. the individual, 223 et seq.
• Society, and morality, 306
• Sociology, dependent on biology, 231
• Sollier, Dr., on sensations at death, 130
• Solomon, quotation from “Ecclesiastes,” 233
• Somnambulism, analysis of, 200 et seq.
• Sorbose, fermentation of, 106
• Soured milk, use of, 171, 181, 182
• Sparrow, fecundity of, 58
• Spencer, Herbert, criticism of Kant, 310
  • criticism of socialism, 230
  • theory of morality, 316, 322, 324, 327
• Spermatozoa, in old age, 35
• Spermine, 139, 140
• Stadelmann, on lactic acid in diabetes, 170
• Statistics on suicide, 3
• Stature, in old age, 8, 9
• Stein, Mde. von, 267, 268, 273
• Steller’s sea-cow, 213
• Stern, M., on disinfection of intestine, 156
• Stohmann, on digestion in sheep, 74
• Stoics, 309
• Stragesco, Dr., on digestion in mammals, 63
• Strasburger, on disinfection of intestine, 156, 157
  • on microbes in constipation, 70
• Suicide, 3, 4, 237, 238, 265, 311
• Sully-Prudhomme, definition of morality, 303
• Suprarenal capsules, and atheroma, 32
• Swimming, instinctive power of, 197, 198, 207
• Syphilis, 31, 37, 145, 146, 302, 304
• Switzerland, centenarians rare in, 91
  
  
• Tanacol, as an intestinal antiseptic, 156
• Taoism and immortality, 137, 138
• Taste, analysis of, 243
• Tavel, M., operations on large intestine, 152 et seq.
• Taylor, Bayard, translation of Faust, 285
• Termites, 220, 221
• Testis, emulsion of, as used by Brown-Séquard, 139
  • resistance of, to senescence, 35
• Thanatology, 131
• Theophrastus, 132
• Thymol, as an intestinal antiseptic, 157
• Thyroid, effects of extirpation of, 32, 33, 34
• Timon of Athens, quotation from, 307
• Tissier, Dr., on Bacillus bifidus, 161
  • on use of lactic microbes, 181
• Tissier, and Martelly, on putrid food, 164
• Tobacco and longevity, 93
• Tokarsky, on natural death, 126
• Tolstoi, and death, 94
  • “Death of Ivan Ilyitch,” 318
• Tortoise, 11, 12, 13, 51
• Touch, sense of, in the blind, 257
• Troubat, M., on instinctive swimming, 198
• Trees, age and death of, 96, 97, 98
• Trypanosoma, 124
  
  
• Unicellular organisms, death of, 95
• Urine, analysis of, in a centenarian, 7
• Utilitarianism, 305
  
  
• Vacherot, criticism of Kant, 313
• Varenetz, 172
• Vascular glands, relation to old age, 33, 34
• Verworn, Max, on death in infusoria, 95
• Vinegar, in preservation of food, 165
• Vivisection, 301
• Voisin, M., criticism of neuronophagy, 20
• Voltaire, 92, 235
• Volz, on swimming power of gibbons, 198
  
  
• Wales, Mr., quotation from Riley, 174
• Weber, Dr., on regimen for old age, 140, 141
• Weichardt, on cause of fatigue, 122, 123
• Weinberg, Dr., on preparation of human serums, 150
  • on thyroid gland in aged, 33
• Weiske, on digestion in sheep, 78
• Weismann, A., on cause of old age, 15, 16
  • on death in infusoria, 95
  • on duration of life, 41, 43, 45, 51
• “Weltschmerz,” in German poetry, 236
• Werther, Goethe’s, 263, 267
• Westergaard, statistics of mortality, 142, 144
• Wiedersheim, on intestinal tract, 60
• Wine, Goethe and, 271, 279
• Wolff, J. H., Goethe’s friend, 271
• Women, education, 224 et seq.
  
  
• Yahourth, use in intestinal putrefaction, 168, 170, 175, 177, 178
• Yeast, conditions of growth, 106
  
  
• Zeigan, Dr., on adrenaline, 122
• Zell, Dr., on blind persons, 259
• Zelter, Goethe’s friend, 265
• Zola, “La Joie de Vivre,” 248
• Zoological Gardens of London, 51, 81
• Zortay, Pierre, age of, 87