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The Railroad Question / A historical and practical treatise on railroads, and remedies for their abuses cover

The Railroad Question / A historical and practical treatise on railroads, and remedies for their abuses

Chapter 25: INDEX
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About This Book

A comprehensive historical and practical survey examines the development of transportation and railways, their rise in the United States, and the emergence of monopoly, financial abuses, and political influence. It traces technical and institutional history, analyzes stock and bond inflation, combinations, and rate-setting, and reviews legislation including state and federal measures. The author assesses proposals for public control versus private ownership and offers remedies and regulatory reforms, illustrated with state-level examples, literature reviews, and statistical appendices. The work emphasizes balancing commercial growth with government oversight to secure equitable access and prevent speculative exploitation.







INDEX

  • Abbett, Gov., 113
  • Absentee ownership, 287
  • Abuses, 101
    • cardinal, 134
    • for protection against, must resort to polls and not to courts, 332
    • increased, 129
    • of railroads, 124
    • origin of, 434
    • still practiced, 400
  • Accidents, 450
  • Acworth, Mr. W. M., 276
  • Adams, C. F., Jr., heresy, 260
    • difficulty not in legislation, 258
    • favors pooling, 260
    • on character of railroad men, 257
    • on Iowa law, 332
    • H. C., motive for ownership, 436
  • Africa, 61
    • roads constructed, 22
  • Agriculture among Babylonians and Assyrians, 19
  • Albany Evening Argus, 340
  • Albia, 324
  • Algiers, 62
  • Algona, 328
  • American colonies, 100
    • experience, 303
    • investments a reproach, 313
  • Americans would avail themselves of low rates, 445
  • American Transfer Company, 119
  • Amsterdam, 97
    • owes to canal, 32
  • Ann Arbor Strikers, 449
  • Area of land grants, 329
  • Argentine Republic, 68
  • Arrogance, 453
  • Asia, 59
    • early nations of, 18
  • Athens connected with Piræns, protected road, 24
  • Atkinson, Edward, 248
    • fallacious argument of, 249
    • relies upon a figurehead commission, 249
  • Atlantic nurseryman, 148
  • Attorney-General held that legislature had not the power to prescribe rates, 330
  • Attorney, slow to accept fee, 402
  • Augustus instituted postal service, 27
  • Australia, 64
  • Austria, 54
  • Average fares per mile, 444

  • B. & M. Co., 324
  • Baker, C. W., 262
  • Balkan Peninsula, 59
    • physical features, important factor, 24
  • Ballou, H. S., 139
  • Baltimore and Ohio, watered stock, 172
  • Bankers' Magazine, 301
  • Banks and insurance, not private, 403
  • Barosz, M., 441
  • B., C. R. & N. Railroad Co., increased prosperity of, 344
  • Beach, C. F., Jr., 395
    • law of private corporations, 316
  • Bering Strait, 89
  • Belgium, 56, 409
    • cost of right of way, 370
  • Bessemer's invention, 374
  • Blackstone, T. B., 413
  • Blatchford, Justice, 213, 290
  • Blinkensop, 48
  • Board of Railroad Commissioners, 428
  • Bolles, A. S., 303
  • Bonded debt of M. & M. R. R., 322
  • Bonham, John M., 268
  • Boone, 327
  • Boston Advertiser, 340
  • Bradley, Justice, 213
  • Braithwaite, 49
  • Branch roads, 306
  • Brazil, 69
  • Brewer, Justice, 214, 215, 455
    • doctrine, 376
    • opinion of reasonable rates, 360
    • reply to ruling of, 364
  • Bridge across the Mississippi, 319
  • British railways, cost of right of way, 370
  • Brown, Justice, 214
  • Bryce, Prof., 391
    • on decadence of bar, 222
    • on lobby, 222
  • Budd vs. N. Y., 213, 290, 295
  • Buddha, commended roads to care of pious, 18
  • Burmah, 61
  • Burstall, 49

  • California railways, 122
  • Calmar, 328
  • Camden and Amboy charter, 113
  • Camden and Amboy Railroad Company, 102
  • Canada, 73
    • canals, 43
  • Canadian Pacific, 74
  • Canal, Erie, 40
    • from Bitter Lake to Red Sea, 23
    • Nicaragua, 44, 174
  • Canals, Canadian, 43
    • in Great Britain, 33
    • Italian, 34
    • private companies, 42
    • Spanish, 34
  • Candidates, railroad, 226
    • servile to railroads, 206
  • Cape Colony, 63
  • Capitalization of railroads, 86
  • Capital of Standard Oil Company, 121
  • Carey, H. C., 110
  • Carload lots, 386
  • Carthage, harbor, fleets, roads, 24
  • Carthaginians, 91
    • commerce of, constructed roads, 22
  • Cars refused, 120
  • Cassat, Mr., testimony of, 121
  • C., B. & Q. R. R. strike, 285
  • Cedar Rapids and Missouri River R. R. Co., 324
  • Central America, 70
  • Central Pacific, 175
  • Ceylon, 61
  • Charlemagne repaired and built roads, 28
  • Chicago and Milwaukee system, cost of, 235
    • and Omaha pool, 194
    • convention, 224
    • Iowa and Nebraska Railroad, 328
    • third-rate lawyer, 222
  • Chile, 68
  • Chinese built roads before the Christian era, 21
  • Classification, 363
    • rule, 361
    • unjust features, 151
  • Clay, Mr., 303
  • Clews, Henry, 304
    • pictures evils, 404
    • "Twenty-eight Years in Wall Street," 185
  • Clear Lake, 328
  • Clerk of U. S. Court, 217
  • Cleveland, President, 359
  • Clinton, 328
  • Club address of C. F. Adams, Jr., 257
  • C., M. & St. P. R. R. Co. vs. Minn., 213
  • Coal and kindred articles, 386
  • Coffin, Mr. L. S., 452
  • Colbert, idea of postal service, 30
  • Coleridge, Lord, 454
  • Combinations, 189
    • regulate, 299
  • Commission evil, 420
  • Commission received, 119
  • Commissioner system, 246
  • Commission, Interstate, reviews Judge Brewer's rule, 365
  • Commissions acquire expert knowledge, 384
  • Commission's decisions, 359
    • acts subject to judicial review, 381
    • become a pliant tool, 429
    • character of, 359
  • Commission system adopted in Iowa, 335
  • Committee bill passed, 354
  • Commodities, character of, 373
  • Common law, sufficient in theory but fails in practice, 268
  • Competition, 190, 196
    • a great educator, 260
    • and enhanced rates, 352
    • in United States depended upon, 129
    • the death of trade, 298
    • vicious, 300
  • Communism, strength of, 454
  • Conduit company, 117
  • Confiscation of railroads, 293
  • Conflicts between labor and capital, 448
  • Congress, appropriations for improving rivers, 44
    • in three camps, 352
    • responds to demand of Pacific road, 183
    • to cease futile attempts, 299
  • Congressmen imposed upon, 17
  • Connecticut railroad construction, 288
  • Conscientious managers cannot retain business, 399
  • Consolidation of C., R. I. & P. R. R. Co., 323
    • tendency to, 262
  • Conspiracies should not be legalized, 260
  • Conspiracy, 296
  • Constitutions made for, 457
  • Contests, expense of in Great Britain, 371
  • Contributions to Pacific roads, 180
  • Control, suggestions for, 425
  • Cooley, Judge, 315, 359
    • in reference to State and National Commissions, 426
  • Corporations, danger from, 223
    • willing to pay for questionable services, 222
  • Corrupt practice act in Mass., 223
  • Cost of American roads, 187
    • of building roads at present, 186
    • of existing railway system, 422
    • of operating M. & M. R. R., 322
    • of railroads, 172, 370, 417
  • Council Bluffs, 324
    • line completed to, 323
  • Courteous employes, 447
  • Courts ordered restoration of Erie securities, 170
    • should not aid, 381
  • C., R. I. & P. Railroad, 284
  • Crosby, J. O., story of tramp, 178
  • Crusaders, 92
  • Cuba, 70
  • Cullom committee report, 131
  • Customs laws, 15

  • Dabney, W. D., drift toward railroad centralization, 261
    • favors pooling, 261
    • favors State control, 261
  • Darius I., work on canal, 23
  • Dartmouth College case, 315
    • decision, 259
  • Davis, C. Wood, 413
    • on cost of roads, 187
  • Dows, David, & Co., 138
  • Davis, Jefferson, plea, 276
  • Delegates to conventions, 224
  • Demand in other States for reform, 331
  • Denmark, 35, 58
    • first-class passenger rates, 439
  • Depew, Mr., 138
  • Depew says all railroad men are politicians, 366
  • Devices, various, 296
  • Differentials, 296
  • Discriminations, 118, 137, 143, 156, 147, 160
    • damaging, 248
    • in classifications, 148
    • in Iowa, 337
    • practiced openly, 331
  • Dillon, Judge, 411
    • Sidney, 273
    • on cost of Pacific roads, 185
  • Directors and officials of corporations, 316
    • character of, 406
    • with personal interests 317
  • Director-General, 431
    • should have power to remove managers, 432
  • Distance disregarded, 331
  • Dividends, 164, 187
    • by fluctuations, 302
    • Standard Oil Company, 121
  • Donations, 329
    • for benefit of public, 376
    • made by railroad companies, 446
    • to Pacific roads, 176
    • to railroads, 125
  • Donation to road completed, 320
  • Doud amendment, 331
  • Dual government, 401
  • Dual sovereignty must be recognized, 425
  • Dubuque & S. C. Co., 324
  • Dutch East India Company, 97
  • Duties of common carriers, 315
  • Duty of state, 456

  • Earnings diverted, 403
    • of first Iowa railroad, 320
    • gross, larger in United States, 281
    • of C., B. & Q., 175
    • of Iowa roads increased, 264
    • of Massachusetts railroads, 175
    • of Lake Shore, 175
  • Earnings of Liverpool and Manchester, 50
    • of Terre Haute, 175
    • of railroads, 86
    • per employe, 372
    • per train mile in the United States and United Kingdom, 270
    • per train mile larger in United States, 281
  • East India Company, 99, 303
  • Economy of fuel, 375
  • Editors, 221, 231
    • controlled by counting-room, 339
  • Egyptians, commerce of, constructed roads, 22
  • Electoral Commission, 215
  • Eminent domain, 314
    • Spelling on, 317
  • Employes fare better under Government management, 412
    • in Iowa, compensation, 344
    • in Iowa, number, 344
    • number of, in various countries, 371
    • number of, per mile of road, 269
    • number of, as related to gross earnings, 269
    • organized for political work, 277
    • quasi-public officers, 447
    • should have passes, 209
  • England, 99
    • roads maintained by statute and parish labor, 32
  • English landlords, 287
  • Entrance into railway service regulated, 448
  • Ericsson, 449
  • Erie Canal, 40
    • Railroad, 170
  • European and American investments compared, 371
  • European history began in Greece, 24
  • Evans, Oliver, 47
  • Executive charged with construction and maintenance of roads and canals, 22
  • Executives influenced, 225
  • Experiments with wooden rail, 46
  • Extortion, effects of, 111

  • Farmers' Alliance, 300
  • Farmers' pool, 300
  • Federal agencies, need of improved, 430
  • Federal courts, influence of, 212
  • Ferocity of public opinion in the West, 312
  • Feudal features, 455
  • Field, Justice, 214, 269
  • Fink, Albert, 200
  • First rail tracks, 46
  • First railroad survey in Iowa, 319
  • Fort Dodge, 325
  • Fortunes, great, 400
  • France, 54
    • duty of employes, 447
    • first system of roads, first artificial waterways, 30
    • large number of canals, 30
    • rates on freight and passengers, 293
  • Frederick the Great built turnpikes and canals, 31
  • Frederick William IV., 53
  • Free competition, 407
  • Freight agents, 383
  • Freight carried by railroads in the United States, 292
  • Friction under Iowa law, 341

  • Galena and Chicago Union, 164
  • Gallatin advocated roads and canals, 38
  • Garfield, President, 224
    • on Dartmouth College case, 316
  • Garrett, J. W., 83
  • Germany, first mail service, 31
    • first railroad, 53
  • German instructions to employes, 447
  • Georgia prescribed rates, 289
  • Glenwood, 337
  • Gibbon, 92
  • Gibbon concerning postal service, 27
  • Goodman, Mr., testimony of, 138
  • Gospel of wealth, 404
  • Göta canal, 35
  • Gould's bulldozing, 452
  • Gould, Jay, 212, 224, 269
    • on cost of Pacific roads, 184
  • Governor called extra session of General Assembly, 321
    • importuned, 228
    • of Iowa, 311
    • influenced, 227
  • Government ownership drawbacks, 412
  • Granger cases, 212
  • Granger, Judge, 229
  • Granger law did not retard construction, 335
  • Granger laws, moderate, 322
    • repealed, 246
  • Granger movement, 84
    • a necessary one, 258
    • spread, 332
  • Granger system in Wisconsin, 245
  • Grant and Conkling, 224
  • Grant, Judge, 411
  • Great Britain, canals, 33
    • crossed by Roman roads, 27
    • recent origin of public roads and postal service, 32
  • Great Northern Railroad Co., 185
  • Grecian civilization passed to Romans and then to other nations, 24
  • Greek geographers, praise of highways of Hindostan, 19
  • Gresham, Judge, 212
  • Grinnell, Hon. J. B., 411
  • Gross and net earnings in Iowa, 344
    • earnings, increase in Iowa, 287, 293
    • earnings of Iowa roads, 265

  • Hadley, Prof. A. T., 245
    • on passenger rates, 278
    • on State legislation, 286
  • Hadley's address before Bankers' Association, 284
  • Hadrian improved postal service, 27
  • Hagar, Mr., 109
  • Hackworth, 49
  • Hale, Lord Chief Justice, 316
  • Harrison, President, 214
    • on watered stocks, 174
    • on Nicaragua Canal, 44
  • Hanseatic League, 94
    • object, extent, power, 95
  • Haul, length of, compared, 372
  • Hayes-Tilden contest, 215
  • Hayti, 71
  • Hepburn committee, 137, 146
  • Hindoo culture and broad statesmanship, 18
  • Hoe printing-press, 231
  • Holland, 98
    • largest canal of, 31
  • Hoyt, J., & Co., 138
  • Hudson, J. F., 250, 266, 407
  • Hudson River Railroad accident, 451
    • Co., 167
    • stock watering, 167
  • Humboldt said of roads of Incas, 36
  • Hungary, 54
  • Hungarian zone system, 282, 440
  • Huntington, C. P., 347
    • letter of, 346

  • Illinois canals, 42
    • Granger laws, 331
  • Importance of transportation facilities, 17
  • Improved appliances should be used, 450
  • Income of railroads, 128
    • per capita, 292
  • Increase of traffic under zone system, 442
  • India supplied Nineveh and Babylon, Greece and Rome, 18
  • Individual entitled to full use, 392
  • Inflation, 163
  • Influences at work to create public sentiment, 294
  • Iniquitous taxation, 307
  • Injunction asked for, 323
  • Inspection service should be established, 432
  • Insurance provided for, 451
  • Interchangeable 1,000-mile tickets, 445
  • Interstate Commerce Act, 85, 319
  • Interstate Commerce Commission, sixth annual report, 160
  • Interstate Commerce law attacked, 162
  • Intimidation of railroad employes, 226
  • Inventors, 126
  • Investments, none pay so well, 248
  • Iowa attorney, 210
    • Bill of Rights, 445
    • Central Air Line, 324
    • City, road built to, 319
    • Commissioners enjoined, 343
    • Commissioners' valuable service, 336
    • Falls & S. C. Co., 325
    • General Assembly passed maximum tariff act, 264
    • General Assembly passed act authorizing commissioners to make prima facie rates, 264
    • law, features of, 341
    • misunderstanding of, 342
    • vindicated, 266
    • legislation, 319
    • politics, 311
    • prosperity accelerated, 345
    • railroad construction, 288
    • the queen, 348
  • Irish tenants, 287
  • Iron strap rail, 46
  • Itaki Atabeck, road seen to this day, 19
  • Italy, 57
    • canals, 34

  • Jackson, President, 367
  • Japan, 60
  • Java, 61
  • Jeans, Mr. J. S., 269
    • on railroad revenues, 437
    • on state railroad, 410
  • Jefferson's inquiries, 37
  • Judges, servile, 162
    • use passes, 208
  • Jurists, eminent, 234

  • Kansas Midland, 187
  • Kent, 314
  • Kirkman, M. M., 239

  • Labor organizations, 448
  • Labor-saving causes, 375
  • Lake transportation, 453
  • Land grant policy, wisdom of, 320
    • to Dubuque & S. C. R. R., 325
  • Land grants to Iowa railroads, 320
    • value of, 325
  • Languedoc Canal, 30
  • Lawyer and farmer, 209
  • Lawyers, briefless, 219
    • political, 223
    • third-rate, 222
  • Legislation, 299
    • of California, 123
  • Legislative campaign of 1887, 339
    • reform needed, 405
    • reports, 110
  • Lincoln, President, 216
    • story of the Irishman, and the pig, 271
  • Lines projected, 288
  • Lobbies frowned out of legislative halls, 402
  • Lobby, 219
    • formidable, 339
  • Locomotive, early inventors, 47
    • reward for, 49
  • Long and short haul clause, 297
    • of Iowa law, 341
  • Louis XIV., 98
  • Louis XI. transferred postal service to state, 30
  • Lowest rates in Europe, 409

  • Mails carried free in France, 373
  • Managers arrogant, 331
    • concede necessity of regulation, 369
    • have lost influence, 230
    • make law odious, 333
    • naturally despotical, 151
    • of great parties, 144
  • M. & M. R. R. Co., 319
  • Marshall, Chief Justice, 350
  • Marshalltown, 324
  • Massachusetts Commission, 428
  • Mathews, Judge Stanley, 269
  • Maximilian established postal route, 31
  • Maximum charges, 331
  • McDill, Hon. J. W., as a lobbyist, 238
  • McGregor grant resumed, 326, 327
  • McGregor Western R. R. Co., 325
  • Means employed to control legislation, 218
  • Mesopotamia, inhabitants perfect cart, 19
  • Methods for control, 402
    • impracticable, 425
  • Mexico, 72
  • Mileage of the future, 389
  • Minneapolis and Chicago conventions, 224
  • Minnesota case, 295
    • Granger laws, 331
    • politics, 311
  • Missouri Pacific, 187
  • Mitchell, Alexander, 232
  • Modern doctrine, Kent's rule, 314
  • Monopoly, 317
    • in transportation, 90
  • Morgan, Appleton, 250
  • Mortgaging prohibited, 434
  • Munn vs. Illinois, 213, 290
  • Muscatine, branch line to, 319
  • Mushroom millionaires, 307

  • National banking system, 303
  • National bureau should be established, 431
  • National control, 424
  • Nation inclined to follow beaten tracks, 425
  • Nations should profit by experience, 367
  • Napoleon Company, 108
  • Navigation act, 98
  • Nebraska maximum tariff, 346
  • Net earnings increased in Iowa, 265
    • in 1890 and 1891, 187
  • Netherlands, canals, 31
  • Net profit of passenger traffic in United Kingdom, 270
  • Nevada, 324
  • New England railroad construction, 288
  • New Orleans Cotton Exchange case, 360
  • Newton, 47
  • New York canals, 41
  • New York Central, gross earnings, 167
    • stock watering, 165
  • New York delegation, 224
  • Nicaragua, 70
  • Nile, canals, roads, people, 23
  • Notice given when rates are changed, 388
  • Number of employes per mile, 372
    • of hours' work of employes, 372

  • Office of railroad public, 368
  • Officers of railroads should not be allowed to use proxies, 432
    • should take oath, 432
  • Officials not likely to resist temptation, 436
  • Ohio canals, 42
  • Oliver Cromwell, 98
  • Operating expenses reduced, 375

  • Pacific railroad, 81
    • diplomacy, 180
    • prejudice, 45
  • Pacific roads before boards of equalization, 186
    • comparative cost, 186
    • cost to duplicate, 185
    • easy grade, 185
    • indebtedness to Government, 184
  • Papin, constructed steamboat, 47
  • Parliament compelled British railways, 451
  • Party organs, 221
  • Pass abuse, ruling of commission, 362
  • Pass, purposes for which given, 209
    • should be discarded, 446
  • Passenger rate-making principle wrong, 439
  • Passenger rates not reduced, 375
  • Passenger rates too high, 438
  • Passengers carried by railroads in the United States, 292
  • Passengers, English third-class, 270
    • killed and injured, 450
    • third-class, 269
  • Passes, 207, 208
    • plentiful, 420
    • to delegates, 226
  • Pauper tickets for the clergy should be abolished, 446
  • Pausanias shown well-kept road, 19
  • Pedigree of a proverb, 298
  • Peik vs. Chicago, 213
  • Pennsylvania canals, 41
  • Pennsylvania Central R. R. Co., 171
  • People prone to believe, 245
  • People's parties called into existence, 404
  • People will not tolerate, 397
  • Perquisites abolished, 446
  • Persian Empire, magnitude, 20
  • Peru, 67
    • roads, 35
  • Phœnicians, 90
    • built great roads,
    • traders of antiquity, 20
    • first great maritime nation, 19
  • Pipe line, 116, 119
  • Plan capable of being improved, 433
  • Policy of delay, 381
  • Political campaigns in Iowa, 339
  • Politicians as railroad employes, 229
  • Pooling, 261, 398
    • committee does not recommend prohibition, 354
    • contracts void, 317
    • grave effects of, 268
    • means of swelling railroad earnings, 267
    • should be prohibited, 203
  • Pools, 85, 194, 195, 251, 297
    • defended by Mr. Hadley, 247
    • defended by Mr. Morgan, 250
    • maintained in Iowa, 336
    • suppress competition, 198
  • Poor's, H., opinion, 187
  • Poor's estimate of watered stock, 186
  • Porter, Horace, North American Review article, 290
  • Porter, John, 104
  • Portugal, 58
  • Portuguese, 96
  • Postal communication, royal road from Susa to Sardes, 21
  • Postal service not carried on by state, 30
  • Potential value of interstate law, 367
  • Powderly, T. V., 449
  • Prediction of Mr. Walker, 299
  • Predictions of railroad men, 332
  • Press abuse, 221
  • Press, efforts of railroads to control, 271
    • servile to railroads, 228
  • Prima facie rates, 341
  • Prize worth contending for, 380
  • Procopius, statement of, concerning Via Appia, 27
  • Problem would be solved if abuses, 297
  • Providence, 136
  • Psammitichus cuts canal, 33
  • Ptolemaic kings built canals, 24
  • Public at mercy of managers, 381
    • not unreasonable, 450
  • Public opinion dormant, 400
    • efforts to influence, 273
    • rules, 400
  • Publicity advantageous, 402
  • Purchasers of land made the donation, 321

  • Question not settled until settled right, 377

  • Railroad attorneys, 214
  • Railroad-building after 1873, 246
  • Railroad business not private, 403
    • safe, 436
    • changes in Iowa, 393
    • company public agent, 388
    • competition, 190, 338
    • consolidation, 82
    • construction, 287
    • diplomate, 228
    • first line, 77
    • first steam engine, 47
    • improved highway, 339
    • like common road, 391
    • literature, 231
    • magazine literature, 273
    • managers do not do things by halves, 223
    • managers' opportunities to speculate, 399
    • men always oppose reductions of rates, 283
    • officials, 257
    • papers, 340
    • precursor of, 46
    • president's letters, 229
  • Railroads, abandoned, 79
    • bonded for more than cost, 175
    • capitalization of, 86
    • but few that do not pay, 52
    • cost to build, 186
    • earnings of, 86
    • in Asia, 59
    • in Austria, 54
    • in Belgium, 56
    • in Denmark, 58
    • in France, 54
    • in Germany, 53
    • in Granger States did not comply with law, 246
    • in Hungary, 54
    • in Italy, 57
    • in politics, 205
    • in Portugal, 58
    • in Russia, 58
    • in Switzerland, 56
    • in Spain, 57
    • in the Balkan Peninsula, 59
    • in the Scandinavian Peninsula, 58
    • in the United States, 76
    • in Turkey, 60
    • land grants to, 80
    • partake of two natures, 392
    • propitiate judiciary, 211
    • public tax collectors, 396
    • rebelled against Iowa law, 344
  • Railroad stations, number of, 190
  • Railroad tax, amount of, 393
  • Railway acts, first in England, 127
  • Railway Age, 288
  • Railway benefits, 231
    • employes in politics, 308
    • first act, 49
    • organs, 229
    • Pan-American, 88
  • Railways, highways, 13
    • weakened their arguments, 237
  • Railway system, growth of, 87
    • length of in the world, 87
  • Rate-making a legislative and not a judicial function, 332
  • Rate-making difficult, 244
    • not a judicial question, 378
  • Rate of 1870, 248, 249
    • per ton per mile on Camden and Amboy Railroad, 109
    • question, 370
  • Rates, fixing of by commission demanded, 430
    • fundamental principles in making, 385
    • in France, 293
    • lower will prevail, 256
    • lower, reason for, 374
    • might be reduced, 417
    • on Milwaukee road, 233
    • reduced by zone tariff in Austria-Hungary, 283
    • should be lower here than in Europe, 373
    • should be referred to National and State boards, 379
    • under Granger laws, 246
    • under Wisconsin Granger laws, 236
    • what are reasonable, 376
  • Reagan, John H., bill of, 352
  • Reform demanded, 295
  • Reasonable rates, 376, 387
    • fixing of, 361
  • Rebates Standard Oil Company, 115
  • Redfield, J. F., 312
  • Reduced rates on Government business in France, 293
    • increased business, 282
  • Refineries closed, 116
  • Reforms needed, 438
  • Remedies, 389
    • proposed by committee, 352
  • Remedy proposed by Mr. Hudson of doubtful efficiency, 268
  • Reorganization of the M. &. M. R. R., 322
  • Report of Cullom committee, 353
  • Reports of Interstate Commission, 366
  • Revenues increased by Granger law, 246, 332
  • Revolution and anarchy, 299
  • Rhenish League, 94
  • Ricks, Judge, 449
  • Ridgeway, Jacob, 106
  • Right of control rests upon firmer ground, 318
  • Right of way, cost of, 370
  • River and harbor improvements, 453
  • Rivers, improvement of, 44
  • Robber knights, 93, 149
  • Robbers and feudal knights, depredations being tax, 29
  • Rob Roy, 258
  • Robinson, H. P., railway in politics, 308
  • Rocket, the, 49
  • Rogers, Thorold, 454
  • Roman Empire, after downfall roads destroyed, 28
  • Roman postal service, 27
  • Romans learned art of paving roads from Carthaginians, 24
  • Rome, 91
    • connecting link between antiquity and mediævalism, 24
    • extent, population, roads, etc., 25
  • Roads built from proceeds of stocks and bonds, 373
  • Roads built only when immediately profitable, 328
    • early, 37
    • pioneers of enlightenment and political eminence, 17
    • subject to legislative control, 327
    • utility of good, recognized in colonial times, 36
  • Russia, 58
    • roads, 35
  • Rutter, J. H., agent of New York Central, 116

  • Salaries, American railways pay the highest, 420
  • Saloon men politicians, 366
  • San Domingo, 71
  • San Salvador, 70
  • Sanspareil, the, 49
  • Savings under Government management, 422
  • Scandinavian Peninsula, 58
  • Scandinavian roads and canals, 35
  • Schedule rates made by Iowa Commission, 342
  • Schedules should be submitted to bureau, 432
  • Scriptures, roads of the, 22
  • Second-class passenger rates,
    • why not successful, 282
  • Secrecy a source of evils, 402
  • Select committee, 353
  • Select Committee on Transportation, 351
  • Senate committee, 172
  • Senators and Congressmen raise campaign funds, 436
  • Servility of Interstate Commerce Commission, 203
  • Sesostris cut canal, 23
  • Shippers given favors, 219, 221
    • powerless, 382
  • Sioux City, 325
  • Smyth Judge, 229
  • South America, 66
  • Southern Pacific Railroad Company, 122
  • Southern pool, 200
  • Southern Railway and Steamship Association, 194
  • South Sea Company, 303
  • Spain, 57
    • canals, 34
  • Spain and Gaul, roads of, 27
  • Special arrangements, 295
  • Special-car aristocracy, 445
  • Special contracts, 137
  • Speed of railroads, 279
  • Spelling, T. Carl, 317
  • Speculative element should be removed, 433
  • Speculators and gamblers, 434
  • Spirit of Interstate Law, 369
  • Standard Oil monopoly, 114
  • State control encourages building, 130
    • in Iowa asserted early, 330
    • Spelling on, 318
  • State, duty of, 391
    • management, advantages of, 410
    • ownership and regulation, 409
    • with private management, 422
    • railway system, 277
  • States to cease futile attempts, 299
  • Steam engine, first account, 47
  • Stephenson, 48
  • Stevens, Mr., 107
  • Stewart, A. T., & Co., 138
  • Stickney, A. B., criticises President Mitchell's letter, 23
    • his criticism of Iowa rates, 343
    • his error, 256
    • favors entire control by Nation, 255
    • on interstate law, 255
    • on national control, 424
  • Stock a bonus, 434
  • Stock and bond inflation, 163
  • Stockholders, 131
    • dissatisfied, 112
    • interested in publicity, 403
  • Stock market controlled by few, 308
  • Stocks, fluctuations of, 435
    • should be paid in full, 438
    • shrinkage of value, 284
  • Stockton, R. F., 103
  • Stock watered 50 per cent., 307
  • Stock-watering, 164, 165
    • in America, 270
    • English, 371
  • Stock wiped out, 326
  • Stone, Governor, 324
  • Subordinates have to suffer for superiors, 203
  • Subsidies, 329
    • to press, 271
  • Sunday trains restricted, 451
  • Superintendents responsible for uncivil subordinates, 447
  • Supreme Court, 215, 289
  • Switzerland, 56

  • Taney, Justice, 216
  • Tariff, a tax, 135
    • prepared by sworn officials, 381
  • Tariffs impeachable, 382
    • official, should stand until proved unreasonable, 382
  • Texas legislation, 346
  • Text books, 312
  • Thiers, M., 51
  • Third-class passengers in Europe, 443
  • Times, New York, 340
  • Tipping, 447
  • Traffic associations, 149, 300
  • Trainmen should be allowed rest, 451
  • Train mile earnings, 269
  • Trains, number of, per mile, per annum, 281
    • should connect, 451
  • Transportation not a commodity, 368
  • Trevithick, Richard, 48
  • Tribune, Chicago, 244
    • New York, 340
  • Turkey, 60
  • Turnpike, first American, 37
  • Turnpikes in Great Britain, 32
  • Turnpike tolls, 396
  • Twelfth General Assembly, 323, 330

  • Umpires, high-priced, 420
  • Unanimous vote on Iowa law, 341
  • Union Pacific, 175
  • United States Bank, 303, 366
  • Unscrupulous men attracted, 390

  • Value of land grants, 329
  • Vanderbilt, 82, 452
  • Vedas, testimony of, 18
  • Venetian council, 253
  • Venezuela, 66
  • Venice, 93
  • Via Appia and other roads, 26
  • Violations of law encouraged by courts, 430

  • Wabash Railroad, 212
  • Walker, A. F., 294, 295, 311
  • Wall Street, defense of, 340
  • War, 399
  • War rule, 331
  • Washington among the first to advocate internal improvements, 39
  • Water courses as levelers, 453
  • Watering stock, Mr. Jeans on, 270
    • methods of, 174
  • Water transportation, 145
  • Watered stocks, 172
    • Hadley on, 247
  • Watt and Stephenson's inventions, 126
  • Watt, James, 47
  • Weak roads helped, 344
  • Western candidates, 224
  • Water classification, 343
  • West Indies, 71
  • Western politician outwitted, 225
    • pool, failure of, 200
    • Traffic Association, 299
    • Union Telegraph Company, 127
  • White House, the, 215
  • Whitney, Asa, 81
  • Whitney's cotton gin, 231
  • Why Western people do not invest in railroad stocks, 308
  • Wells, David A., 374
  • Windom committee, 351
  • Wisconsin Granger laws, 331
  • Witnesses recusant, 134
  • Wrecking roads, 305
  • Wrought-iron rails patented, 47
  • World, New York, 340

  • Zone tariff, 409
    • ridiculed, 441