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The Rebirth of Turkey

Chapter 47: Transcriber’s Note:
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About This Book

An engaging portrait of Mustafa Kemal Pasha and the political and social transformation of his country from imperial decline to national reorganization. The author traces late Ottoman structures, the Young Turk movement, the impact of Balkan wars and the Great War, foreign intrigues involving Germany, Russia, and Britain, and contentious episodes such as population deportations and the collapse of neighboring regimes. Coverage includes debates over the caliphate, Arab and minority communities, the role of missionaries and foreign interests, and the emergence of a national assembly that redirects emphasis from military to economic reconstruction.

Transcriber’s Note:

The one footnote was moved to the end of the chapter in which its related anchor occurs.

Dialect, obsolete and alternative spellings, and misspelled words were left unchanged.

Inconsistent hyphenation was not changed.

Duplicate partial words at line endings were removed.

The text of one sentence, in which one or more lines of text were misplaced, was not changed:

However narrow Old Turkish opinion was, however stubbornly it confined the Young Turks to a rigidly conservative interpretation of the Caliphate, Islam in India could Caliphate may have come to be two quite separate adjust its Caliphate to such modern and healthy growths as that of Arab nationalism.

Two instances of wrong usage of words were not changed:

“are” should be “the” — “We in are West who are accustomed …”

“no” should be “not” — “… was no in contact …”