The Scientific Tourist through Ireland / in which the traveller is directed to the principal objects of antiquity, art, science & the picturesque

TOPOGRAPHICAL DIVISION OF IRELAND,

With the Baronies, Parishes, and Contents in Irish Acres.

		Baron.	Parish.	Acres.
	⎧ *Armagh contains	5	20	181,450
	⎪ Down	8	60	348,550
ULSTER.	⎪ Antrim	8	77	387,200
9 Counties.	⎪ Londonderry	4	31	318,500
8928	⎨ Donnegal	5	42	679,550
square miles.	⎪ *Tyrone	4	35	463,700
	⎪ Fermanagh	8	18	283,450
	⎪ *Cavan	7	30	301,000
	⎩ *Monaghan	5	19	179,600
		——	———	—————————
		54	332	3,143,000
	Lough Neagh covers			58,200
				—————————
				3,201,200
				—————————
	⎧ Louth	4	61	110,750
	⎪ Meath	12	147	327,900
	⎪ Dublin	6	107	142,050
	⎪ Wicklow	6	58	311,600
LEINSTER.	⎪ Wexford	8	142	342,900
12 Counties.	⎪ *Kilkenny	9	127	300,350
6936	⎨ *Carlow	5	50	137,050
square miles.	⎪ *Kildare	10	113	236,750
	⎪ *Queen's County	8	50	235,300
	⎪ *King's County	11	52	282,200
	⎪ *Westmeath	12	62	231,550
	⎩ *Longford	6	23	134,150
		——	———	—————————
		97	992	2,792,550
		——	———	—————————
CONNAUGHT.	⎧ Galway	16	116	989,950
5 Counties.	⎪ Mayo	9	68	790,600
7125	⎨ Sligo	6	39	247,150
square miles.	⎪ Leitrim	5	17	255,950
	⎩ *Roscommon	6	56	346,650
		——	———	—————————
		42	296	2,630,300
		——	———	—————————
	⎧ Cork	16	269	1,048,800
MUNSTER.	⎪ Kerry	8	83	647,650
6 Counties.	⎪ Clare	9	79	476,200
9000	⎨ Limerick	9	125	386,750
square miles.	⎪ *Tipperary	10	186	554,950
	⎩ Waterford	7	74	262,800
		——	———	—————————
		69	816	3,377,150
		——	———	—————————
		252	2,436	12,001,200†

* The thirteen inland counties are distinguished by an asterisk.
† All fractions having been excluded from this calculation, it is very
much under the full number of acres in Ireland.

An Irish Acre contains		7840 square yards.
Scotch		6130 ditto.
English		4840 ditto.

From Port Patrick to Donaghadee	25 English miles.
Holyhead to Dublin	63 ditto.
Milford Haven to Waterford	85 ditto.



No part of Ireland is more than fifty miles from the sea.

ECCLESIASTICAL DIVISION OF IRELAND.

The Province of Armagh contains Ten Dioceses*.

663 Parishes, 446 Churches.

†16 Abpk. of Armagh		11 Bpk. of Raphoe
23 Bpk. of Dromore		9 —— of Clogher
7 —— of Down )		12 —— of Kilmor
—— of Connor) united.		22 —— of Ardagh‡
6 —— of Derry		5 —— of Meath

The Province of Dublin contains Five Dioceses.

658 Parishes, 217 Churches.

15 Abpk. of Dublin		3 Bpk. of Ferns )
21 Bpk. of Kildare		—— of Leighlin ) united.
20 —— of Ossory

The Province of Cashel contains Eleven Dioceses.

839 Parishes, 254 Churches.

17 Abpk. of Cashel)		8 Bpk. of Cloyne
Bpk. of Emly ) united.		2 —— of Limerick)
19 —— of Waterford)		—— of Ardfert ) united.
—— of Lismore ) united.		and Aghadoe)
14 —— of Cork)		4 —— of Killaloe )
—— of Ross) united.		—— of Kilfenora) united.

The Province of Tuam contains Six Dioceses.

276 Parishes, 87 Churches.

1 Abpk. of Tuam		18 Bpk. of Elphin
21 Bpk. of Clonfert )		10 —— of Killalla
—— of Killmacduagh) united.		—— of Achonry.

* The dioceses are placed with respect to contiguity, not according to rank; for the bishop of Meath has precedence of all bishops, and next to him Kildare; the other bishops take place according to the date of their consecration.

† The figures indicate the order in comparative extent of each diocese.

‡ Ardagh, though in this province, is at present annexed to the archbishoprick of Tuam.

LEGAL DIVISION OF IRELAND.

CIRCUITS OF THE JUDGES.

The Assize Towns are marked with an Asterisk, thus, (*).

MUNSTER CIRCUIT.				CONNAUGHT continued.
From Dublin to				From Dublin to
*Waterford	Waterford	——	74	Newbrook	Mayo	5	166
Carrick	Tipperary	14	88	Holymount	Mayo	4	170
*Clonmell	Tipperary	10	98	Kilmain	Mayo	3	173
*Cork	Cork	42	140	Shrule	Mayo	3	176
Mill-Street	Cork	22	162	Cahirmorres	Galway	6	182
Castle-Island	Kerry	18	180	*Galway	Galway	11	193
*Tralee	Kerry	8	188	Gort	Galway	17	210
Castle-Island	Kerry	8	196	Crusheen	Clare	8	218
Abbyfeale	Limerick	8	204	*Ennis	Clare	6	224
Newcastle	Limerick	2	213	Gort	Galway	14	238
Rathkeale	Limerick	6	219	Loughrea	Galway	12	250
Adair	Limerick	6	225	Kilconnel	Galway	6	256
*Limerick	Limerick	8	233	Ahascragh	Galway	5	261
Dublin	Dublin	94	327	Mount-Talbot	Roscommon	9	270
				Roscommon	Roscommon	7	277
				Dublin	Dublin	69	346

CONNAUGHT CIRCUIT.				LEINSTER CIRCUIT.
From Dublin to				From Dublin to
*Roscommon	Roscommon	——	69	*Wicklow	Wicklow	——	24
Tulsk	Roscommon	9	78	Arklow	Wicklow	12	36
Elphin	Roscommon	5	83	Gorey	Wicklow	9	45
*Carrick	Leitrim	7	90	Castlebridge	Wexford	19	64
Boyle	Roscommon	7	97	*Wexford	Wexford	2	66
*Sligo	Sligo	17	114	Ross	Wexford	19	85
Ballisidare	Sligo	3	117	*Kilkenny	Kilkenny	19	104
Coloony	Sligo	2	119	Leighlin Bridge	Carlow	12	116
Tobercorry	Sligo	11	130	*Carlow	Carlow	6	122
Banada	Sligo	4	134	*Athy†	Kildare	9	131
Kilmateague	Sligo	3	137	*Maryborough	Queen's Co.	12	143
Foxford	Mayo	8	145	*Philipstown	King's Co.	17	160
*Castlebar†	Mayo	11	156	Dublin	Dublin	38	198
Balcarra	Mayo	5	161

† At Ballinrobe generally in the Spring, and at Castlebar in the Summer.

† At Nass generally in the Spring,
and at Athy in the summer.

ULSTER North East.				ULSTER North West.
From Dublin to				From Dublin to
*Drogheda	Droghedaco.	——	23	Kilcock	Kildare	——	14
*Dundalk	Louth	17	40	Infield	Meath	5	19
*Downpatrick	Down	32	72	Kinnegad	W. Meath	10	29
Saintfield	Down	8	80	*Mullingar	W. Meath	9	38
*Carrickfergus	Antrim	17	97	Ballinalack	W. Meath	8	46
Belfast	Antrim	8	105	Edgeworth's-to.	Longford	6	52
Lisburn	Antrim	7	112	*Longford	Longford	6	58
Lurgan	Armagh	10	122	Granard	Longford	12	70
Portadown	Armagh	5	127	*Cavan	Cavan	13	83
Richhill	Armagh	5	132	Newtonbutler;	Fermanagh	11	94
*Armagh	Armagh	4	136	M'Gwire's bridge	Fermanagh	7	101
Tynan	Armagh	6	142	*Enniskillen	Fermanagh	7	108
Glaslough	Monaghan	3	145	Trillick	Fermanagh	9	117
*Monaghan	Monaghan	5	150	*Omagh	Tyrone	11	128
Castleshane	Monaghan	3	153	Newtownstewart	Tyrone	7	135
Castleblayney	Monaghan	8	161	Strabane	Tyrone	7	142
Peterborough	Monaghan	7	168	*Lifford	Donnegal	1	143
Mill of Louth	Louth	5	173	*Londonderry	Derry	12	155
Ardee	Louth	5	178	Dublin	Dublin	115	270
Navan	Meath	15	193
*Trim	Meath	7	200
Dublin	Dublin	22	222

HOME CIRCUIT

To Carlow.

From Carlow, Grangemellon, Andrie, Athy.

From Athy, Stradbally, Maryborough.

From Maryborough, Portarlington, Clonegowan, Geshil, Philipstown.

From Philipstown, Terrilspass, Rochfort, Mullingar.

From Mullingar, Killucan, Raharney, Trim.

COMPARATIVE HEIGHT
OF
THE CHIEF MOUNTAINS IN IRELAND,

Above the Level of the Sea.

	Eng. feet.
M'Gillicuddy's Reeks, Co. of Kerry,	3404
Sleibh Dorm, Co. of Londonderry,	3150
Knockmeledown[2], dividing Cork, Tipperary, and Waterford,	2700
Croagh Patrick, Co. of Mayo,	2666
Nephin, Ditto,	2640
Mangerton, above the Lake of Killarney, Co. Kerry,	2505
Mourne Hills, Co. of Down,	2500
Commerach Ridge, Co. Waterford,	2160
Croaghan Kinshelly, Bar. of Arklow,	1850
Sawell, Co. of Londonderry,	1600
Slenish Mountain, Co. of Antrim,	1390
Alt-English-Hill, Co. of Londonderry,	1300
Benbradagh, Co. of Londonderry,	1300
Benyevenach, Ditto,	1250
Sleibh Gallan, Ditto,	1250
Donald's Hill, Ditto,	1200
Kedy, Ditto,	1100
Croneham, Co. of Wicklow,	1000
Croaghmore, Co. of Antrim,	600

ISLE OF MAN

Inafel, in centre of the Island,

1740

LIST of ROUND TOWERS; principally extracted from
Dr. Beaufort's Memoir, with an indication of those he had
seen marked with an Asterisk.

Key:

Ht. = Height in Feet.

Cf. = Circumf.

Th. = Thickness of Walls.

Dr. = Door from ground.

	Ht.	Cf.	Th.	Dr.
In ULSTER, 9.
Antrim, near *Antrim, at a place called Steeple.
at Armoy.
in *Ram Island, in Lough Neagh
Cavan, at Drumlane.
Down, at *Drumbo.
at *Maghera, half only is standing
Fermanagh, in *Devenish Island, in Lough Erne	76	41	3-6
Monaghan, at Clones.
at *Eniskeen.
In LEINSTER, 26.
Dublin, at *Clondalkin	84
at *Lusk.
at Rathmichael.
at *Swords	73	55	4-8	2
Kildare, at *Castledermot.
at *Killcullen	40	44	3-6	7
at *Kildare	132	54	3-6	13
at Oughterard	25	48	3	8
at Taghadoe	71	38	3-8	11-6
Kilkenny, at *Aghavuller, part only remaining.
at Fertagh, alias Beggar's Inn	112	48	3-8	10
at *Kilkenny, or rather in Irishtown.
at Kilree.
at Tulloherin.
King's County, at *Clonmacnoise—two
Louth, at *Dromiskin, part of one	130
at *Monasterboice	110	51	3-6	6
Meath, at *Donaghmore.
at *Kells	99	48	3
Monaghan, at Clones—one perfect, one ruinous.
Queen's County, at *Dysert.
at *Timahoe	35	53	4-4	14
Wicklow, at Glandelough—two, one of them perfect.
In MUNSTER, 14.
Clare, at *Drumcliff.
at *Dysart.
in Iniscalthra, in Lough Deirgeart
in Scattery Isle, in the Shannon	120
Cork, at *Cloyne	92	50	3-8	13
at *Ballybeg, the stump of one.
at Kineth	70
Kerry, at *Aghadoe.
at Rattoo.
Limerick, at *Dysert.
at *Kilmallock.
Tipperary, at *Cashel on the Rock		54	4	11
at *Roscrea	80	45
Waterford, at Ardmore	100	45
In CONNAUGHT, 9.
Galway, at Feartamore.
at *Kilmacduagh	112	57		24
Mayo, at Aghagower.
at Ballagh.
at *Killalla.
at *Melick.
at *Turlough	70	45		29
Roscommon, at Oran.
Sligo, at *Drumcliffe, the ruin of one.

These towers are all standing; there were five others still perfect within a few years.

1. Co. Down, at Downpatrick, lately taken down [3], was 66 feet high, 47 in circumference.

2. Co. Dublin, in Ship-street, Dublin, destroyed a few years since.

3. Co. Cork, at Cork, pulled down about fifty years.

4. Ditto, at Brigown, not long down.

5. Co. Kerry, at Ardfert, which fell in 1770.

A very ingenious friend remarks [4], that almost all our round towers are divided into stories of different heights; the floors supported in some by projecting stones, in others, joists put in the wall at building, and in many they are placed upon rests. The last are from four to six inches, carried round and taken off the thickness of the wall in the story above; and he very probably conjectures that these rests do not diminish the thickness of the wall as they ascend, because then it would not have been sufficiently strong to bear storms or support the conical cap which was generally solid and heavily constructed. They seem therefore to be swellings in the wall which rather add to its thickness upwards, and this Mr. Cooper confirms by the round tower at Lusk, whose wall is three feet thick at top. Cashel tower is divided into five stories, with holes for joists.

Fertagh has five stories and one rest.—Kilcullen has three stories and one rest.—Kildare has six stories and projecting stones for each.—Monasterboice has six stories and projecting stones.—Oughterard has five stories and projecting stones.—Taghadoe has six stories, the upper has projecting stones, the others rests.—Timahoe has seven stories, the second has projecting stones, the others rests.

The door of Cashel Tower faces the S.E., those of Kildare and Kilkenny the S., and the others vary.

Four small windows were placed at the top of Kells Tower pointing to the four cardinal points.

Kenith Tower stands 124 feet—Drumbo 20 feet—Downpatrick 48 feet—Kildare 90 feet—Kilkenny 8 feet—Dromiskin 90 feet, from their respective Churches. Ardmore, Castledermot, Cloyne, and other Towers were formerly and at present are used for belfries.

GLOSSARY,

Or Explanation of some of those Irish Words which most frequently
occur in composition with the names of places.

Agh,	a Field.
Anagh or Ana,	a River.
Ard,	a high Place, or rising Ground.
Ath,	a Ford.
Awin,	a River.
Bally or Ballin,	a Town, or inclosed place of habitation.
Ban or Bane,	White, or Fair.
Beg,	Little.
Ben,	the summit of a Mountain, generally an abrupt head.
Bun,	a Bottom, Foundation, or Root.
Car or Cahir,	a city.
Carrick, Carrig, Carrow,	a Rock or Stony Place.
Cork, Corcagh,	a Marsh, or swampy Ground.
Clara,	a Plain.
Croagh, Croghan,	a sharp pointed Hill resembling a Rick.
Clogh, Clough,	a great Stone.
Curragh,	a marshy or fenny Plain.
Clon,	a Glade, or a level Pasture Ground.
Col, Cul,	a Corner.
Derry,	a clear dry Spot in the midst of a woody swamp.
Don,	a Height or Fastness, a Fortress.
Donagh,	a Church.
Drom,	a high narrow Ridge of Hills.
Inch, Inis,	an Island.
Ken,	a Head.
Kill,	a Church or Cemetery.
Knock,	a single Hill, or a Hillock.
Lick,	a flat stone.
Lough,	a Lake, or a Pool.
Magh,	a Plain.
Main,	a Collection of Hillocks.
More,	large, great.
Rath,	a Mount or Entrenchment, a Barrow.
Ross,	a Point of Land projecting into Waters.
Shan,	Old.
Sliebh,	a range of Mountain, a Hill covered with Heath.
Tach,	a House.
Temple,	a Church.
Tom, Toom,	a Bush.
Tra,	a Strand.
Tobar, Tubber,	a Well or Spring.
Tullagh,	a gentle Hill, a Common.
Tully,	a Place subject to Floods.

TABLE showing the Difference in Value of English and Irish Currency.

English Money exchanged into Irish, at Par: One Pound English being 1l. 1s. 8d. Irish.	Irish Money exchanged into English, at Par: 1l. 1s. 8d. Irish being 1l. English.

Eng.	Irish	Eng.	Irish	Irish	English	Irish	English
£	£ s. d.	s.	s. d. q.	£	£ s. d. q.	s.	s. d. q.
900	975 0 0	3	3 3 0	900	830 15 4 2	4	3 8 1
800	866 13 4	4	4 4 0	800	738 9 2 3	5	4 7 1
700	758 6 8	5	5 5 0	700	646 3 0 3	6	5 6 1
600	650 0 0	6	6 6 0	600	553 16 11 0	7	6 5 2
500	541 13 4	7	7 7 0	500	461 10 9 0	8	7 4 2
400	433 6 8	8	8 8 0	400	369 4 7 1	9	8 3 2
300	325 0 0	9	9 9 0	300	276 18 5 2	10	9 2 3
200	216 13 4	10	10 10 0	200	184 12 3 2	11	10 1 3
100	108 6 8	11	11 11 0	100	92 6 1 3	12	11 0 3
90	97 10 0	12	13 0 0	90	83 1 6 1	13	12 0 0
80	86 13 4	13	14 1 0	80	73 16 11 0	14	12 11 0
70	75 16 8	14	15 2 0	70	64 12 3 2	15	13 10 0
60	65 0 0	15	16 3 0	60	55 7 8 1	16	14 9 0
50	54 3 4	16	17 4 0	50	46 3 0 3	17	15 8 1
40	43 6 8	17	18 5 0	40	36 18 5 2	18	16 7 1
30	32 10 0		19 6 0	30	27 13 10 0	19	17 6 1
20	21 13 4	d.		20	18 9 2 3	d.
10	10 16 8	1	0 1 0	10	9 4 7 1	1	0 0 3
9	9 15 0	2	0 2 0	9	8 6 1 3	2	0 1 3
8	8 13 4	3	0 3 1	8	7 7 8 1	3	0 2 3
7	7 11 8	4	0 4 1	7	6 9 2 3	4	0 3 2
6	6 10 0	5	0 5 1	6	5 10 9 0	5	0 4 2
5	5 8 4	6	0 6 2	5	4 12 3 2	6	0 5 2
4	4 6 8	7	0 7 2	4	3 13 10 0	7	0 6 1
3	3 5 0	8	0 8 2	3	2 15 4 2	8	0 7 1
2	2 3 4	9	0 9 3	2	1 16 11 0	9	0 8 1
1	1 1 8	10	0 10 3	1	0 18 5 2	10	0 9 0
Sh.		11	0 11 3	Sh.		11	0 10 0
19	1 0 7	q.		1	0 0 11 0	q.
1	0 1 1	1	0 6 1	2	0 1 10 0	1	0 0 1
2	0 2 2	2	0 0 2	3	0 2 0 0	2	0 0 2
		3	0 0 3			3	0 0 0

Description of FRONTISPIECE and other PLATES, with
Directions for placing them.

Frontispiece	Irish Antiquities, viz.
1.—Oratory near Killaloe, supposed the oldest and most curious Monuments in Ireland; they are also to be seen at Glendaloch, Co. of Wicklow; St. Doulach's near Dublin; at Cashel, Co. of Tipperary; and Portaferry, Co. of Down.	Vide Killaloe, Co. of Clare.
2.—Round Tower, a species of building peculiar to Ireland; that at Swords is here represented.	Vide Swords, Co. Dublin.
3.—Sculptured Cross at Monasterboice, 18 feet high, of which Character there are several in Ireland	Vide Drogheda, Co. of Louth.
4.—Chapel, Round Tower, and Cathedral, at Cashel—distant view. The Chapel is considered one of the most curious in the kingdom. The situation and antiquity of this place, as well as its picturesque beauty, constitute it a place of much interest.	Vide Cashel, Co. of Tipperary.
5.—Hook Tower, founded upon a rock, surrounded by precipices on one side and shelving rocks on the other; the walls are of amazing thickness, with stairs to the top. This is similar to Reginald's Tower, Waterford, and other Danish Round Towers, or Forts, dispersed over the kingdom.	Vide Fethard, Co. of Wexford.
6.—Giant's Causeway.	Vide Co. of Antrim.
7.—Mountains as they appear in the distance from Dunlow Castle, Lake of Killarney.	Vide Killarney, Co. of Kerry.
The Vignette.	Vide The Scientific Tourist Through Ireland
Map of Ireland	To face Antrim.
View from Warren's Point, near Narrow Water, Newry.	To face Newry, Co. of Down.
View of Dublin from the Circular Road in the environs, with Richmond or Sarah Bridge in the foreground	To face the City of Dublin, on the 2d page of Co. Dublin.
Map and Plan of the Lakes of Killarney, and surrounding objects	To face Killarney, Co. of Kerry.
View of the Lake and Mountain at Killarney from Lord Kenmare's seat	To face 4th Page of Co. of Kerry.
View of Eagles Nest, and site of wonderful Echo—Lake of Killarney	To face 6th Page of Co. of Kerry.
Carlingford Harbour and Castle—a brisk gale	To face Carlingford, Co. of Louth.
Glendaloch, or Valley of Seven Churches.	To face Glendaloch, Co. of Wicklow.

Engraved for the Scientific Tourist.